practice questions endorcine disorders
The nurse is performing discharge teaching for a client diagnosed with Cushing's disease. Which statement by the client demonstratesan understanding of the instructions? "I will be sure to notify my health-care provider if I start to run a fever." "Before I stop taking the prednisone, I will be taught how to taper it off." "If I get weak and shaky, I need to eat some hard candy or drink some juice." "It is fine if I continue to participate in weekend games of tackle football."
"I will be sure to notify my health-care provider if I start to run a fever."
A nursing student asks the instructor why the pituitary gland is called the "master gland." What is the best response by the instructor? "It regulates the function of other endocrine glands." "It is the gland that is responsible for regulating the hypothalamus." "The gland does not have any other function other than to cause secretion of the growth hormones." "It regulates metabolism."
"It regulates the function of other endocrine glands."
A client who is postpartum is receiving intravenous oxytocin, and the client asks the nurse about the function of oxytocin in the body. How should the nurse respond? "It increases blood calcium by stimulating calcium release from the bone and decreases the blood phosphate level." "It stimulates the production and secretion of thyroid hormones." "It stimulates bone and muscle growth and promotes protein synthesis and fat mobilization." "It stimulates the contraction of the pregnant uterus before birth and stimulates the release of breast milk after childbirth."
"It stimulates the contraction of the pregnant uterus before birth and stimulates the release of breast milk after childbirth."
A client with hyperparathyroidism declines surgery and is to receive hormone replacement therapy with estrogen and progesterone. Which instruction is most important for the nurse to include in the client's teaching plan? "Maintain a moderate exercise program." "Rest as much as possible." "Lose weight." "Jog at least 2 miles per day."
"Maintain a moderate exercise program."
Which medication order should the nurse question in the client diagnosed with untreated hypothyroidism? 1. Thyroid hormones. 2. Oxygen. 3. Sedatives. 4. Laxatives.
3. Sedatives.
The nurse is planning the care of a client diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which interventions should be implemented? Select all that apply. 1. Restrict fluids per health-care provider order. 2. Assess level of consciousness every two (2) hours. 3. Provide an atmosphere of stimulation. 4. Monitor urine and serum osmolality. 5. Weigh the client every three (3) days.
1 2 4
The client is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which signs/symptoms should the nurse expect the client to exhibit? 1. Complaints of extreme fatigue and hair loss. 2. Exophthalmos and complaints of nervousness. 3. Complaints of profuse sweating and flushed skin. 4. Tetany and complaints of stiffness of the hands.
1. Complaints of extreme fatigue and hair loss.
The 68-year-old client diagnosed with hyperthyroidism is being treated with radioactive iodine therapy. Which interventions should the nurse discuss with the client? 1. Explain it will take up to a month for symptoms of hyperthyroidism to subside. 2.Teach the iodine therapy will have to be tapered slowly over one (1) week. 3.Discuss the client will have to be hospitalized during the radioactive therapy. 4.Inform the client after therapy the client will not have to take any medication.
1. Explain it will take up to a month for symptoms of hyperthyroidism to subside.
The nurse is admitting a client diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which clinical manifestations should be reported to the health-care provider? 1. Serum sodium of 112 mEq/L and a headache. 2. Serum potassium of 5.0 mEq/L and a heightened awareness. 3. Serum calcium of 10 mg/dL and tented tissue turgor. 4. Serum magnesium of 1.2 mg/dL and large urinary output.
1. Serum sodium of 112 mEq/L and a headache.
Which laboratory value should be monitored by the nurse for the client diagnosed with diabetes insipidus? 1. Serum sodium. 2. Serum calcium 3. Urine glucose .4. Urine white blood cells.
1. Serum sodium.
The client diagnosed with Addison's disease is admitted to the emergency department after a day at the lake. The client is lethargic, forgetful, and weak. Which intervention should the nurse implement? 1. Start an IV with an 18-gauge needle and infuse NS rapidly. 2. Have the client wait in the waiting room until a bed is available. 3. Obtain a permit for the client to receive a blood transfusion. 4. Collect urinalysis and blood samples for a CBC and calcium level.
1. Start an IV with an 18-gauge needle and infuse NS rapidly.
Which signs/symptoms should make the nurse suspect the client is experiencing a thyroid storm? 1. Obstipation and hypoactive bowel sounds. 2. Hyperpyrexia and extreme tachycardia. 3. Hypotension and bradycardia. 4. Decreased respirations and hypoxia.
2. Hyperpyrexia and extreme tachycardia.
The client is admitted to rule out Cushing's syndrome. Which laboratory tests should the nurse anticipate being ordered? 1. Plasma drug levels of quinidine, digoxin, and hydralazine. 2. Plasma levels of ACTH and cortisol. 3. A 24-hour urine for metanephrine and catecholamine. 4. Spot urine for creatinine and white blood cells (WBCs).
2. Plasma levels of ACTH and cortisol.
The unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) complains to the nurse she has filled the water pitcher four (4) times during the shift for a client diagnosed with a closed head injury and the client has asked for the pitcher to be filled again. Which intervention should the nurse implement first? 1. Tell the UAP to fill the pitcher with ice cold water. 2. Instruct the UAP to start measuring the client's I&O. 3. Assess the client for polyuria and polydipsia. 4. Check the client's BUN and creatinine levels.
3. Assess the client for polyuria and polydipsia.
The nurse is admitting a client diagnosed with primary adrenal cortex insufficiency (Addison's disease). Which clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to assess? 1. Moon face, buffalo hump, and hyperglycemia. 2. Hirsutism, fever, and irritability. 3. Bronze pigmentation, hypotension, and anorexia. 4. Tachycardia, bulging eyes, and goiter.
3. Bronze pigmentation, hypotension, and anorexia.
The charge nurse of an intensive care unitis making assignments for the night shift. Which client should be assigned to the most experienced intensive care nurse? 1. The client diagnosed with respiratory failure who is on a ventilator and requires frequent sedation. 2. The client diagnosed with lung cancer and iatrogenic Cushing's disease with ABGs of pH 7.35, Pao2 88, Paco2 44, and HCO3 22. 3. The client diagnosed with Addison's disease who is lethargic and has a BP of 80/45, P 124, and R 28. 4. The client diagnosed with hyperthyroidism who has undergone a thyroidectomy two (2) days ago and has a negative Trousseau's sign.
3. The client diagnosed with Addison's disease who is lethargic and has a BP of 80/45, P 124, and R 28.
The nurse is caring for clients on a medical floor. Which client should be assessed first? 1. The client diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) who has a weight gain of 1.5 pounds since yesterday. 2. The client diagnosed with a pituitary tumor who has developed diabetes insipidus (DI) and has an intake of 1,500 mL and an output of 1,600 mL in the last 8 hours. 3. The client diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) who is having muscle twitching. 4. The client diagnosed with diabetes insipidus (DI) who is complaining of feeling tired after having to get up at night.
3. The client diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) who is having muscle twitching.
The client diagnosed with hypothyroidism is prescribed the thyroid hormone levothyroxine (Synthroid). Which assessment data indicate the medication has been effective? 1. The client has a three (3)-pound weight gain. 2. The client has a decreased pulse rate. 3. The client's temperature is WNL .4. The client denies any diaphoresis.
3. The client's temperature is WNL
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with diabetes insipidus (DI). Which intervention should be implemented? 1. Administer sliding-scale insulin as ordered. 2. Restrict caffeinated beverages. 3. Check urine ketones if blood glucose is >250. 4. Assess tissue turgor every four (4) hours.
4. Assess tissue turgor every four (4) hours.
Which nursing intervention should be included in the plan of care for the client diagnosed with hyperthyroidism? 1. Increase the amount of fiber in the diet. 2. Encourage a low-calorie, low-protein diet. 3. Decrease the client's fluid intake to 1,000 mL/day. 4. Provide six (6) small, well-balanced meals a day.
4. Provide six (6) small, well-balanced meals a day.
The nurse is planning the care of a client diagnosed with Addison's disease. Which intervention should be included? 1. Administer steroid medications. 2. Place the client on fluid restriction. 3. Provide frequent stimulation. 4. Consult physical therapy for gait training.
Administer steroid medications
The client diagnosed with a pituitary tumor developed syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which interventions should the nurse implement? 1. Assess for dehydration and monitor blood glucose levels. Assess for nausea and vomiting and weigh daily. Monitor potassium levels and encourage fluid intake. Administer vasopressin IV and conduct a fluid deprivation test.
Assess for nausea and vomiting and weigh daily.
A nurse should perform which intervention for a client with Cushing's syndrome? Offer clothing or bedding that's cool and comfortable. Suggest a high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet. Explain that the client's physical changes are a result of excessive corticosteroids. Explain the rationale for increasing salt and fluid intake in times of illness, increased stress, and very hot weather.
Explain that the client's physical changes are a result of excessive corticosteroids.
The preferred preparation for treating hypothyroidism includes which of the following? Levothyroxine (Synthroid) Radioactive iodine Propylthiouracil (PTU) Methimazole (Tapazole)
Levothyroxine
For a client with Graves' disease, which nursing intervention promotes comfort? Restricting intake of oral fluids Placing extra blankets on the client's bed Limiting intake of high-carbohydrate foods Maintaining room temperature in the low-normal range
Maintaining room temperature in the low-normal range
When preparing teaching plan for a client with an endocrine disorder, the nurse includes information about hormone regulation. Which of the following would the nurse include? The gland becomes enlarged leading to a deficiency of the hormone. Most disorders result from over- or underproduction of the hormone. The gland slows hormone secretion when the hormone level decreases. Hormone secretion occurs as a straight-line continuous process.
Most disorders result from over- or underproduction of the hormone.
What interventions can the nurse encourage the client with diabetes insipidus to do in order to control thirst and compensate for urine loss? Come to the clinic for IV fluid therapy daily. Limit the fluid intake at night. Consume adequate amounts of fluid. Weigh daily.
consume adequate amount of fluid
A nurse is caring for a client who had a thyroidectomy and is at risk for hypocalcemia. What should the nurse do? Monitor laboratory values daily for elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone. Observe for swelling of the neck, tracheal deviation, and severe pain. Evaluate the quality of the client's voice postoperatively, noting any drastic changes. Observe for muscle twitching and numbness or tingling of the lips, fingers, and toes.
Observe for muscle twitching and numbness or tingling of the lips, fingers, and toes.
A client visits the clinic to seek treatment for disturbed sleep cycles and depressed mood. Which glands and hormones help to regulate sleep cycles and mood? Thymus gland, thymosin Parathyroid glands, parathormone Pineal gland, melatonin Adrenal cortex, corticosteroids
Pineal gland, melatonin
A nurse explains to a client with thyroid disease that the thyroid gland normally produces: iodine and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and TSH. TSH, triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin. T3, thyroxine (T4), and calcitonin.
T3, thyroxine (T4), and calcitonin.
A nurse is assessing a client with hyperthyroidism. What findings should the nurse expect? Weight gain, constipation, and lethargy Weight loss, nervousness, and tachycardia Exophthalmos, diarrhea, and cold intolerance Diaphoresis, fever, and decreased sweating
Weight loss, nervousness, and tachycardia
A 35-year-old female client who complains of weight gain, facial hair, absent menstruation, frequent bruising, and acne is diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome. Cushing's syndrome is most likely caused by: an ectopic corticotropin-secreting tumor. adrenal carcinoma. a corticotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma. an inborn error of metabolism.
a corticotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma.
Which disorder results from excessive secretion of somatotropin (growth hormone)? Cretinism Dwarfism Acromegaly Adrenogenital syndrome
acromegaly
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory order for a client suspected of having an endocrine disorder. The lab slip includes obtaining cortisol levels. What is being tested? adrenal function thyroid function thymus function parathyroid function
adrenal function
A client has been diagnosed with myxedema from long-standing hypothyroidism. What clinical manifestations of this disorder does the nurse recognize are progressing to myxedema coma? Select all that apply. Hypothermia Hypertension Hypotension Hypoventilation Hyperventilation
all the hypos
Accidental removal of one or both parathyroid glands can occur during a thyroidectomy. Which of the following is used to treat tetany? Calcium gluconate Synthroid Propylthiouracil (PTU) Tapazole
calcium gluconate
After undergoing a thyroidectomy, a client develops hypocalcemia and tetany. Which electrolyte should the nurse anticipate administering? Calcium gluconate Potassium chloride Sodium bicarbonate Sodium phosphorus
calcium gluconate
The primary function of the thyroid gland includes which of the following? Control of cellular metabolic activity Facilitation of milk ejection Reabsorption of water Reduction of plasma level of calcium
cellular metabolic activity
A young client has a significant height deficit and is to be evaluated for diagnostic purposes. What could be the cause of this client's disorder? pituitary disorder thyroid disorder parathyroid disorder adrenal disorder
pituitary disorder
A patient has been diagnosed with thyroidal hypothyroidism. The nurse knows that this diagnosis is consistent with which of the following? Dysfunction of the thyroid gland itself Failure of the pituitary gland Disorder of the hypothalamus Inadequate secretion of TSH
dysfunction of the thyroid gland itself
Which of the following would the nurse expect to find in a client with severe hyperthyroidism? Tetany Exophthalmos Buffalo hump Striae
exopthalmos
A woman with a progressively enlarging neck comes into the clinic. She mentions that she has been in a foreign country for the previous 3 months and that she didn't eat much while she was there because she didn't like the food. She also mentions that she becomes dizzy when lifting her arms to do normal household chores or when dressing. What endocrine condition should the nurse expect the health care provider to diagnose? Diabetes mellitus Goiter Diabetes insipidus Cushing's syndrome
goiter
A client presents with a huge lower jaw, bulging forehead, large hands and feet, and frequent headaches. What could be causing this client's symptoms? hyperpituitarism hypopituitarism panhypopituitarism panhyperpituitarism
hyperpituitarism
The most common type of goiter is caused by lack of which of the following? Iodine Calcium Potassium Sodium
iodine
The nurse is teaching a client that the body needs iodine for the thyroid to function. What food would be the best source of iodine for the body? Eggs Soy products Iodized table salt Red meat
iodized table salt
Hypocalcemia is associated with which of the following manifestations? Muscle twitching Bowel hypomotility Fatigue Polyuria
muslce twitching
A client receiving thyroid replacement therapy develops influenza and forgets to take her thyroid replacement medicine. The nurse understands that skipping this medication puts the client at risk for developing which life-threatening complication? Exophthalmos Thyroid storm Myxedema coma Tibial myxedema
myxedema coma
A patient with a history of hypothyroidism is admitted to the intensive care unit unconscious and with a temperature of 95.2ºF. A family member informs the nurse that the patient has not taken thyroid medication in over 2 months. What does the nurse suspect that these findings indicate? Thyroid storm Myxedema coma Diabetes insipidus Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
myxedema coma
An incoherent client with a history of hypothyroidism is brought to the emergency department by the rescue squad. Physical and laboratory findings reveal hypothermia, hypoventilation, respiratory acidosis, bradycardia, hypotension, and nonpitting edema of the face and periorbital area. Knowing that these findings suggest severe hypothyroidism, the nurse prepares to take emergency action to prevent the potential complication of:
myxedema coma
Which of the following assessments should the nurse perform to determine the development of peptic ulcers when caring for a patient with Cushing's syndrome? Observe the color of stool. Monitor bowel patterns. Monitor vital signs every 4 hours. Observe urine output.
observe color of the stool
A client has a dysfunction in one of his glands that is causing a decrease in the level of calcium in the blood. What gland should be evaluated for dysfunction? Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Thymus gland Adrenal gland
parathyroid
A nurse is assessing a client after a thyroidectomy. The assessment reveals muscle twitching and tingling, along with numbness in the fingers, toes, and mouth area. The nurse should suspect which complication? Tetany Hemorrhage Thyroid storm Laryngeal nerve damage
tetany
A nurse is instructing a client with newly diagnosed hypoparathyroidism about the regimen used to treat this disorder. The nurse should state that the physician probably will order daily supplements of calcium and: folic acid. vitamin D. potassium. iron.
vitamin D
