Practice Questions for Biglogy Midterm

What are the reactants for cellular respiration? A. H2O and O2 B. Glucose and O2 C. Glucose and CO2 D. H2O and CO2

B. Glucose and O2

Early elements of the cell theory followed soon after the development of Hooke's light microscope. What does this relationship suggest about the evolution of the cell theory since Hooke? A. Improvements in technology are closely related to changes in the cell theory. B. Isolated scientists contributed pieces of the cell theory to form the whole. C. Progress on cell theory was delayed by a lack of technological progress. D. Scientists needed to focus less on cells and more on microscope development.

A. Improvements in technology are closely related to changes in the cell theory.

Which of the following best summarizes why the technological invention of microscopes was important to biology? A. It allowed for development of the cell theory. B. It created a means of funding for cell research. C. It created public interest and support for research. D. It proved that cells could form spontaneously.

A. It allowed for development of the cell theory.

Which of the following best compares the processes of mitosis and meiosis? A. Mitosis involves one division cycle and results in diploid daughter cells, while meiosis consists of two division cycles and results in haploid gametes. B. Mitosis involves one division cycle and results in haploid gametes, while meiosis consists of two division cycles and results in diploid daughter cells. C. Mitosis involves two division cycles and results in diploid daughter cells, while meiosis consists of one division cycle and results in haploid gametes. D. Mitosis involves two division cycles and results in haploid gametes, while meiosis consists of one division cycle and results in diploid daughter cells.

A. Mitosis involves one division cycle and results in diploid daughter cells, while meiosis consists of two division cycles and results in haploid gametes.

Which of the following best compares the structures found in plant cells and animal cells? A. Animal cells contain cell walls and a large central vacuole while plant cells contain cell membranes and many small vacuoles. B. Animal cells do not contain chloroplasts, cell walls, or a large central vacuole while plant cells do. C. Plant cells contain rough endoplasmic reticulum and a Golgi apparatus while animal cells contain smooth endoplasmic reticulum surrounded by lysosomes. D. Plant cells have rigid cell walls and do not contain mitochondria or ribosomes while animal cells do.

B. Animal cells do not contain chloroplasts, cell walls, or a large central vacuole while plant cells do.

Which of the following best compares the structures of lipids and carbohydrates? A. Both are made up of monosaccharide monomers, but lipids are hydrophobic and carbohydrates are hydrophilic. B. Both consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but carbohydrates have repeating structural units and lipids do not. C. Both contain carbon and hydrogen, but carbohydrates also contain oxygen and lipids contain nitrogen. D. Both have a carbon backbone, but lipids also have an amino group and carbohydrates have a carboxylic acid group.

B. Both consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but carbohydrates have repeating structural units and lipids do not.

Which statement describes how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interrelated? A. Oxygen is produced during cellular respiration and stored during photosynthesis. B. Carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration are used in photosynthesis. C. Photosynthesis releases the energy that is stored during the process of cellular respiration. D. Glucose is used during cellular respiration to produce food that is broken down during photosynthesis.

B. Carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration are used in photosynthesis.

Which of the following best describes how the process of crossing over during meiosis leads to an increase in genetic diversity? A. During prophase I, DNA replication takes place, and homologous chromosomes trade places with each other before lining up in preparation for metaphase. B. During prophase I, DNA segments are exchanged between homologous chromosomes, resulting in different combinations of alleles. C. During prophase II, fragments of DNA break off of chromosomes and attach to the ends of other chromosomes, resulting in different gene sequences. D. During prophase II, sister chromatids separate from each other, and as they travel to opposite ends of the cell, DNA segments of nearby chromosomes are exchanged.

B. During prophase I, DNA segments are exchanged between homologous chromosomes, resulting in different combinations of alleles.

Which statement best compares a eukaryote and a prokaryote? A. Eukaryotes have a cell wall, while prokaryotes have a cell membrane. B. Eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles, while prokaryotes have few specialized structures. C. Eukaryotes use active transport to move substances across the cell membrane, while prokaryotes use facilitated diffusion. D. Eukaryotes use flagella to move themselves through substances, while prokaryotes are not able to move.

B. Eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles, while prokaryotes have few specialized structures.

Based on your knowledge of scientific investigations, which stage of scientific investigation did the invention of the microscope significantly advance? A. Communicating the results of experimentation B. Gathering the data for the investigation C. Generating explanations of phenomena D. Planning the investigation and experimentation

B. Gathering the data for the investigation

A student is conducting an investigation to determine the effect of temperature on the metabolism of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Yeast and sugar are added to water, the gas produced is captured, and its volume is recorded. Which variables should be held constant during this investigation? A. Mass of sugar and water temperature B. Mass of yeast and mass of sugar C. Volume of gas and water temperature D. Volume of gas and mass of yeast

B. Mass of yeast and mass of sugar

What is a primary function of the cell membrane? A. determining genetic traits B. defending against foreign particles C. breaking down proteins for energy D. generating energy from mineral nutrients

B. defending against foreign particles

When an organism has more than 10 fingers or toes, the condition is known as polydactylism. Although polydactylism is rare, it is a dominant trait. If two cats that are heterozygous for polydactylism mate and have a litter with a total of 12 kittens, how many of them would you expect to have more than 10 fingers or toes? A. 0 B. 6 C. 9 D. 12

C. 9

Which of the following best explains why meiosis results in greater genetic diversity than mitosis? A. After meiosis, daughter cells are diploid and have twice as much genetic material, which can be divided in many more possible combinations. B. After meiosis, haploid daughter cells are fertilized, which doubles their number of chromosomes and increases the number of possible genes. C. During meiosis, chromosomes assort themselves independently of each other, which allows for more different possible combinations of chromosomes. D. During meiosis, more daughter cells are produced, which increases the likelihood that fertilization will occur.

C. During meiosis, chromosomes assort themselves independently of each other, which allows for more different possible combinations of chromosomes.

Which of the following characteristics defines a cell as a eukaryote? A. Being able to move B. Being able to reproduce C. Having a nucleus D. Having ribosomes

C. Having a nucleus

Water has a much higher specific heat than most other covalent compounds. What do you predict might happen if water had a low specific heat instead? A. Flooding would occur and animals would be forced to migrate. B. Harmful organisms living in water would reproduce at a rapid rate. C. Organisms that are sensitive to changes in temperature would die. D. Plants would not have enough water to effectively carry out photosynthesis.

C. Organisms that are sensitive to changes in temperature would die.

If a company claims that its product has been proven scientifically, which of the following should have taken place if the results are to be considered reliable? A. The company should have held discussions with leading industry scientists. B. Technology should have been used in both the gathering of data and data analysis. C. Results should have been peer reviewed and repeated producing the same findings. D. The results of the investigation should have been published in popular magazines.

C. Results should have been peer reviewed and repeated producing the same findings.

Hemophilia is a sex‐linked, recessive trait. Which of the following describes the probability of hemophilia in the offspring of a man who does not have hemophilia and a woman who is a heterozygous carrier? A. There is a 100% chance that their sons will have hemophilia. B. There is a 0% chance that their daughters will have hemophilia. C. There is a 25% chance that their sons will have hemophilia. D. There is a 50% chance that their daughters will have hemophilia.

C. There is a 25% chance that their sons will have hemophilia.

Water is essential for life. Its special properties make water the single most important molecule in plant life. Which of the following properties of water enable it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants? A. Water expands as it freezes. B. Water is an excellent solvent. C. Water exhibits cohesive behavior. D. Water is able to moderate temperatures.

C. Water exhibits cohesive behavior.

ATCAGTGAT A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that code for an amino acid. If the DNA sequence shown here goes through transcription and translation, how many amino acids will result from this sequence? A. 5 B. 4 C. 2 D. 3

D. 3

Scientific law and a scientific theory are similar in that both A. are based on what we expect to happen based on natural history B. describe the events that can be observed in nature C. explain why events and conditions occur as they do in the natural world D. represent a large amount of scientific investigation and evidence

D. represent a large amount of scientific investigation and evidence