Practice TExES 391

Chapter 110.3 TEKS for English language arts and reading suggests that the typical child in first grade should be able to read about ___ words per minute (wpm) and the rate should increase by ___ words in each grade. The expectation is that children in the first to fourth grade will be able to read independently with minimum difficulty, finding no more than ___ in 20 words difficult.

60 words per minute (wpm), 10 words in each grade, 1 in 20 words difficult.

Which of the following are examples of molecular formulas? Select all that apply. A. CH4 B. H2SO4 C. N2 D. Fe E. NaOH

A compound is a substance made up of a definite proportion of two or more elements. A chemical formula tells us the number of atoms of each element in a compound. It contains the symbols of the atoms of the elements present in the compound as well as how many there are for each element in the form of subscripts. There are different types of chemical formulas and each type gives us different information about a chemical substance. The different types of chemical formulas include: molecular, empirical, and structural formulas.

Mrs. Walker, the music teacher in Scarborough Elementary, shows her students a staff with music notation where the notes are purposely not grouped into bars or measures as shown above. Observing the staff in the exhibit, what type of note gets one beat in a 4/4 time signature? A.half note B.whole note C.eighth note D.quarter note

A: represented by a ring with a stem- 2 beats B: represented by a ring- 4 beats C: represented by a dot with a fancy stem- 1/2 of 1 beat D: represented by a dot with a stem- 1 beat

Evolution refers to the changes in organisms over time from ancient times to the present day. Primitive horses for example were very small animals in comparison to present day horses. Which of the following would account for the changes in the appearance of organisms from ancient times to the present? Select all that apply. A. gene mutations and genetic drift B. natural selection C. migration from one area to another D. selective breeding

All of the answer choices in the question describe mechanisms for change in a population of organisms: gene mutations, genetic drift, natural selection, migration from one area to another, and selective breeding. Genetic mutation (a change in a DNA sequence, usually occurring because of errors in replication or repair) and genetic drift (chance changes in a population from one generation to the next) lead to a variation of traits within the species. Migration, which causes a change in environment, then determines what traits are more favorable for each environment. This then drives natural selection (where organisms with more favorable traits outlive the other organisms and, therefore, pass their genes faster) which over time may cause a certain trait to be extinct leading to complete change in a species.

A teacher assigns her middle school students to read about types of rocks. Which of these follow-up activities might provide the most relevant way for her students to learn about types of rocks and their characteristics? A.The teacher will provide embossed graphics that capture the characteristics of different rock types. B.The teacher will provide a printout table neatly listing rock types, rock descriptions, and other characteristics along with pictures. C.The teacher will provide high resolution pictures of rocks for students to examine and identify rock types and characteristics. D.The teacher will provide a touch screen eboard that allows for movable images of rocks on the screen with access to other related links for topic support.

Answer A is correct. Embossed graphics or tactile graphics are images that are designed to be touched rather than looked at. Students will be able to touch and feel the different characteristics of rocks with this media. Middle school students are concrete thinkers - they like to see, feel, smell, hear or taste and will acquire more knowledge by interacting with the information provided by this type of media than all other choices listed. Effective teachers can better support middle-level learners by designing instruction that is responsive to this type of characteristic and other related influences so that students can be successful in their classrooms.

Which of the following types of studies would most likely use quantitative research methods rather than qualitative research methods? A.a study of how age and religion has impacted voting behavior in the last four presidential elections B.a study of the attitudes of new mothers to different health care options C.a study comparing the approaches to childcare of those over the age of 50 and those under the age of 50 D.a study of how college freshmen adjust to campus life

Answer A is correct. For this study it would be possible to use quantitative research methods. A survey could be administered and then the data could be compiled. Voting behavior simply means how an individual voted. Voters could simply be asked to identify whom they voted for, their religious affiliation, and their age. Of the choices given, this one most clearly allows for quantitative data collection. Answer B is incorrect. For any study dealing with "attitudes" it would be hard to use quantitative methods. Qualitative methods where the new mothers could be encouraged to describe their attitudes would be best for this type of study. Answer C is incorrect. This study's "question" of approaches to childcare would be difficult to conduct with quantitative methods. Like the health care options question, the best approach to this type of study would be to allow the participants to describe and explain their approaches. Answer D is incorrect. This study would also be best conducted by allowing college freshmen to explain and describe how they have adjusted to campus life.

The right-side of a magnet is brought very near to the opposite side of a suspended magnetic material that is free to move as shown in the picture above. Which of the following describes the reaction of the suspended magnetic material in this interaction? A. It begins to move toward the magnet. B. It begins to move away from the magnet. C. It begins to move either toward or away from the magnet. D. It stays in the same place. E. There is not enough information to decide.

Answer A is correct. Magnetic materials are always attracted to magnets, no matter which side of the magnet is near. In this question the magnetic material is free to move, so it moves closer to the magnet. To answer this question, you need to know the defining characteristic that magnets attract magnetic materials. Answer B is incorrect. The interaction is not between two magnets; it is between a magnetic material and a magnet. Magnets are made from magnetic materials. All magnetic materials (iron, cobalt and nickel for example) will be attracted to a magnet, but they do not repel like magnets. Answer C is incorrect. This statement would be correct if the interaction was between two magnets. If you bring two magnets together -- a north pole and a south pole together -- they attract and the magnets may stick together. But if you bring two north poles together, or two south poles together, they repel and the magnets push each other away. The interaction in the question is not between two magnets, though. Answer D is incorrect. You can eliminate this answer because all magnetic materials (iron, cobalt and nickel for example) will be attracted to a magnet. Answer E is incorrect. Yes, there is enough information in the question, but to answer it correctly, you need to know the defining characteristic that magnets attract magnetic materials.

How can El Niño be used to predict short term climate change? A.El Niño is a repeating pattern of warm water that has similar results every cycle. B.El Niño is written about in history books, so scientists know what to expect. C.El Niño is reliable and can be duplicated and tested by climatologists regularly. D.El Niño is caused by increased rain across the planes and this causes climate change.

Answer A is correct. Patterns and predictions can be found in weather. El Niño is a pattern of warm water across the Equatorial Pacific waters which results in increased rainfall and flooding in some areas and drought in others. El Niño can be used to predict short term climate changes of a few months to a year.

Which THREE of the following are effects of government regulation and taxation? A. both increase final costs to consumers B. both result in undue burdens on consumers C. both decrease the amount of money in circulation D. both are used to support the nation's priorities E. both impact how much companies are willing to invest in certain businesses

Answer A is correct. Regulation and taxation increase costs to producers who later pass those costs onto consumers. Answer B is incorrect. An undue burden is one that is too restrictive and prevents someone from exercising his/her constitutional rights. Taxes and regulation do not result in undue burdens on consumers. Answer C is incorrect. Regulation and taxation do not decrease the amount of money in circulation. It might change who is putting the money in circulation (the government verses individuals), but the amount of money in circulation does not change. Answer D is correct. Both regulation and taxation reflect the nation's priorities. Answer E is correct. Companies must decide if the potential profits after taxation and regulation costs are high enough to still invest in certain businesses.

In an effort to increase reading scores, a committee is considering reducing the amount of time students spend on social studies at the elementary level. Which TWO of the following should the committee be aware of before making their decision? A. Social studies courses help students learn from the past and develop problem-solving skills. C. Research demonstrates that social studies instruction increases student-reading scores because it gives students background knowledge that is crucial to reading comprehension. D. Social studies content is often controversial and the time spent trying to convince parents of the need for social studies takes away from reading instruction. E. Students can cover most of the social studies TEKS by reading about historical and other social studies events rather than devoting time specific to social studies instruction.

Answer A is correct. Social studies instruction helps students understand and learn from the past and apply that learning to solve current problems. Answer C is correct. Research demonstrates that social studies instruction increases reading scores because it provides background knowledge that can help students better understand new text. Answer D is incorrect. Although some content might be considered controversial, this is not a justifiable reason to reduce the number of minutes for social studies. Answer E is incorrect. Reading about social studies does not build the multitude of social studies skills required in the TEKS.

Research and development have been slow in terms of replacing fossil fuels with a more cost effective and efficient fuel. How does the continued use of fossil fuels impact personal and societal needs? A.When the price of fossil fuel rises, this impacts the cost of living, which impacts families and the economy. B.The use of fossil fuels causes long lines at gas stations, which impact the smooth functioning of local economies. C.The continued use of fossil fuels maintains jobs in industries and prevents job losses that cannot be replaced. D.When the emissions from combustion engines release carbon dioxide, the pollution harms people's health.

Answer A is correct. The use of fossil fuels as an energy source for producing electricity and fueling machines is a major issue threatening the stability of families, communities, and countries. As the interactions of different groups upset oil production, the price shifts. When the price of gasoline and oil rise, this puts a burden on families and businesses.

Why are there fewer organisms on the top tertiary level of an energy pyramid than on the lower levels such as the producers or the primary consumers level? A.The number of organisms that can be supported on any level is determined by the amount of energy within that level. 90% of the energy is lost to the environment and only 10% is transferred to the next level. The top levels have 0.01% of the total original energy that enters the ecosystem at the producer's level. C.As the trophic levels increase, over hunting causes a shortage in the food supply. When a decrease in food sources occurs, the number of animals at that level must decrease, either due to starvation or decreased births. Due to this loss of life, the top levels generally have fewer numbers in their populations than the lower levels.

Answer A is correct. The widest part is the bottom and is made of producers. The next level up is made of primary consumers and each level gets smaller and smaller. The energy pyramid demonstrates how 90% of the energy is lost as it is transferred and only 10% of the energy is passed on to the next level. If the producers have 100%, then the primary consumers receive 10% of the total energy, the secondary consumers receive 1%, and the tertiary consumers receive 0.01%. The amount of energy a trophic level receives determines how many organisms can be sustained in the ecosystem.

Most teachers do not necessarily have these specialized skills, and that is why an outside professional sound designer is often hired for a school production. Sometimes however, the teacher is lucky and there will be a student who is quite knowledgeable and talented in this area. When that is the case, it is certainly wonderful to be able to trust this student and give the student the ability to create the sound design. Even in this situation though, it is important for the teacher to insist on safety practices for the physical well being of the students. Keeping safety procedures foremost in mind, the sound designer should make certain that — A.the mixing console is grounded for safety and proper shielding. B.only experienced students are allowed to operate the sound equipment.

Answer A is correct. This response contains the most important safety procedure of the answers given. Answer B is incorrect. If only experienced students are allowed to operate the sound equipment, then students will never learn how to do it. With the proper supervision from a sound design professional, a teacher familiar with sound equipment or a very experienced and reliable student, the inexperienced sound operator can be mentored and become more experienced.

A planetary model of a system, such as the models of the Solar System and the atom discussed here, is appropriate whenever the components of the system and the nature of the forces between them have certain properties. Which of the following might be some of these properties? A.One of the components is much more massive than the others and exerts an attractive force on each of the other components. B.One of the components is much more massive than the others and exerts a force on each of the other components that is perpendicular to the line connecting their centers. C.All the components are equally massive, are far apart, and attract each other. D.All the components are equally massive, are close together, and repel each other.

Answer A is correct. This response describes the property of gravitational force present in the Solar System model where gravitational force is described as the force of mutual attraction between two bodies in the universe that attract each other by virtue of their masses. Answer B is incorrect. The property described in this option does not match any of the properties associated to the atom model or planetary model related to the components of the systems and the nature of forces between them. Answer C is incorrect. You can eliminate this answer because some components in the planetary model, for example, have totally different mass. Answer D is incorrect. You can eliminate this answer because the characteristics described by this option do not match the systems under study.

New immigrant groups are more likely to create more diverse cultures when — A.assimilation occurs quickly. B.physical geography limits immigrant interactions with others. C.they live in isolated communities. D.Immigrants and native local populations interact regularly.

Answer A is incorrect. Assimilation means to adopt the culture of a new environment. If assimilation occurs quickly, then immigrants cannot influence the local culture. Answer B is incorrect. Physical geography can greatly impact the interactions of groups. When physical geography keeps groups apart, there is less cultural diversity, not more. Answer C is incorrect. If immigrant groups live in isolation than they are less likely to interact and influence the culture of their new locations. Answer D is correct. As immigrant and native local population groups interact, the culture becomes more diverse. The correct answer is D.

All of the following are environmental factors that influence the traits of organisms except — A.chemical toxins. B.ultraviolet rays from the sun. C.different types of drugs. D.various food of types and food additives.

Answer A is incorrect. Chemical toxins can genetically alter the way molecules bind to DNA. Answer B is correct. Ultraviolet rays from the sun will not alter the genetic makeup of the molecules that bind to the DNA. Answer C is incorrect. Different types of drugs can genetically alter the way molecules bind to DNA. Answer D is incorrect. Various types of foods and food additives can genetically alter the way molecules bind to DNA.

Students learn from what they do and the process they go through to acquire knowledge. Their learning of mathematics impacts society and culture. What theory of learning would this statement support? A.Cognitive Psychology theory B.Situated Learning theory C.Behaviorist theory D.Socio-Constructivism theory

Answer A is incorrect. Cognitivist theory focuses on the understanding of information and concepts and does not account for the value of actively participating in experiential learning. Answer B is correct. Situated Learning theory suggests that students are better able to learn by participating in the learning experience. And mathematics instruction that has meaning relevant to the lives of the students will engage students in higher levels of problem solving and learning. Answer C is incorrect. Behaviorist theory focuses on observing the student or subject and discounts active participation in activities by the student or subject of the study. Answer D is incorrect. Socio-Constructivism theory, in essence, states that learning matures best with the guidance of or collaboration with others through new and prior learning.

For a science research project, students measured the growth of bean plants over time and under two different environmental conditions. Bean plants in set A were provided white light and bean plants in set B were given green light. Both sets of plants were provided the same amount of soil, water, fertilizer, temperature, and space. Plants were measured weekly for 12 weeks. At the end of the 12 weeks, students were tasked with displaying the data collected in the data tables in their journals.What is the best way to display the change over time data? A.A pie chart showing the amount of growth each week. B.A bar graph showing the amount of growth each week. C.A line graph showing the amount of growth each week. D.A scatter plot showing the amount of growth each week.

Answer A is incorrect. Each week indicates time. Line graphs are used when the data is continuous, such as how something changes over time. Answer B is incorrect. Although the bar graph would show growth each week, if the weeks were broken down into categories, it is not the best choice. Line graphs are used when the data is continuous, such as how the heart rate changes over time. Answer C is correct. Line graphs are used when the data is continuous, such as how the heart rate changes over time. Answer D is incorrect. A scatter plot is not the best choice. Line graphs are used when the data is continuous, such as how the heart rate changes over time.

Mr. Taylor wants to introduce his students to the concept of place value. Which of the following sets of manipulatives best describe those that can effectively be used to teach this concept? A.pattern blocks, attribute blocks, tangrams, cubes, color tiles, Cuisenaire rods, dominoes, numeral cards B.base-ten materials, decimal squares, 10-frames, Cuisenaire rods, math balance, cubes, 2-color counters C.geoboards, color tiles, tangrams, pattern blocks, rules, base-ten materials, cubes, fraction circles, decimal squares D.decimal squares, numeral cards, number cubes, calculators, money, base-ten blocks, spinners

Answer A is incorrect. Eliminate A because dominoes, among other items, are not an appropriate manipulative to teach place value. The list of manipulatives in this option can effectively be used to teach the concept of patterns but not the concept of place value. Answer B is correct. The concept of place value where the value of a digit is determined by its position in a number can be effectively taught by all the manipulatives described in this option. The goal of the teacher is to develop activities that move children from the concrete through the abstract stages of reasoning necessary for learning higher-level mathematical concepts. Manipulatives help teachers accomplish this goal. Answer C is incorrect. Eliminate C because geoboards, among other items, are not an appropriate manipulative to teach place value. The list of manipulatives in this option can effectively be used to teach the concept of perimeter/circumference but not the concept of place value. Answer D is incorrect. Eliminate D because spinners, among other items, are not an appropriate manipulative to teach place value. The list of manipulatives in this option can effectively be used to teach the concept of decimals but not the concept of place value. The correct answer is B.

A Grade 6 teacher is working on geography skills and is planning on having students work on understanding time zones. Which of the following TWO activities are most appropriate for him to use in a Grade 6 lesson plans? A. Have students determine the time in different Texas cities. B. Have students determine the time in different European cities. C. Have students locate the Prime Meridian and the International Date Line. D. Have students locate the Equator and the Tropic of Cancer. E. Have students practice using latitude and longitude.

Answer A is incorrect. Excluding El Paso and the surrounding areas, there is only one time zone in Texas, so this would not be adequate practice to learn this skill. Also, since Grade 6 is a global studies focus, learning a skill using Texas is probably not the best choice of activities. Answer B is correct. Grade 6 TEKS require students to learn about Europe, so having students determine times in different European cities is an appropriate activity. Answer C is correct. Both the Prime Meridian and the International Date Line are important for learning about time zones so these would be appropriate to use in this lesson. Answer D is incorrect. Both the Equator and the Tropic of Cancer are lines of Latitude and have nothing to do with time zones. Answer E is incorrect. Although there is some relationship between longitude and time zones, there is not any relationship between latitude and time zones so this is not the best activity to use.

According to current fiscal policy theory, which of the following decisions would best help end a recession in the United States? A.Congress increases taxes and cuts funding for military supplies. B.Congress decreases taxes and increases the funding for road and bridge repairs. C.Congress increases subsidies to farmers while decreasing the amount of time people can draw unemployment. D.Congress decreases the amount of time people can draw unemployment while increasing taxes on businesses.

Answer A is incorrect. Government purchases infuse the economy with money and help overcome recessions. Answer B is correct. This combination increases the amount of money in circulation in the short term and helps alleviate a recession. Answer C is incorrect. Decreasing the amount of time people can draw unemployment decreases the amount of money in circulation. To end a recession, more money needs to be put into the economy. Answer D is incorrect. Decreasing the amount of time people can draw unemployment and increasing taxes takes money out of circulation. To end a recession, the amount of money in circulation has to increase.

Which of the following would not be considered an acceptable form of mathematical representation? A.graphic representation B.verbally spoken solution C.written sentence D.numeric expression

Answer A is incorrect. Graphic representation is using a graph to appropriately display the data so that the mathematics can be seen and read accordingly for data analysis. Answer B is incorrect. Verbal representation is explaining the steps of the mathematics orally. Verbal representation is an important way to communicate mathematics in a way that others can and will be able to comprehend. Answer C is correct. A written sentence is a word or group of words. Number sentences are not typically referred to in mathematics as written sentences; rather, they are referred to as numeric expressions, equations, etc. Answer D is incorrect. Numeric expression is using equations and expressions to model mathematics. Numeric expressions are the basis for mathematical processes and solving problems, both written and oral.

The students in Mrs. Young's fourth-grade class were asked to investigate the amount of milk the cafeteria needed to order for one week based on data collected on current orders, student preferences and predictions for future use. What standard are the students exploring through their investigation? A.graphing student preferences B.probability and statistics to investigate real-world problems C.adding and multiplying to find the needed amount of milk and its cost D.finding fractional parts of the whole in regards to the amount of milk needing to be ordered

Answer A is incorrect. Graphing student preferences, alone, would not provide enough information to make a prediction of the amount of milk needed in the cafeteria for one week. Answer B is correct. The framework for the approach to doing a statistical experiment is to formulate the question, collect data, analyze data and interpret the data. Answer C is incorrect. The problem, as it is written, did not ask to find or predict the cost. It is asking for a process, or concept, needed in order to solve for the problem. Answer D is incorrect. The problem has asked for predictions. Therefore, a data analysis must be performed in order to investigate and solve the posed problem. The correct answer is B.

Garbage is a big problem. In many cities and towns, garbage is taken away to landfills, which are often called "dumps." Some landfills are very big and may cover hundreds of acres. But even these big landfills are getting full and may have to be closed. Burning garbage is a good idea for solving the garbage problem. Which of the following do you think is a disadvantage of burning garbage? A.Burned garbage can't be used to make electricity. B.Burned garbage can't be used to enrich the soil. C.Burned garbage pollutes the air. D.Burned garbage takes up more not less space.

Answer A is incorrect. On the contrary. New technology burns trash at up to 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit. The exhaust gases from the burning can then be used to produce steam to produce electricity. That's an incredible advantage of burning garbage, not a disadvantage. Answer B is incorrect. On the contrary. For example, ashes from brush piles can be used to enrich your garden. Those ashes contain most of the essential nutrients plants need to thrive. Knowing how to use ashes as fertilizer lets you recycle burned garbage while helping to grow a luscious garden. That's an incredible advantage of burning garbage, not a disadvantage. Answer C is correct. Burning trash emits harmful gases that pollute the air and could even contribute to global warming. Since the air we breathe is from the atmosphere, the introduction of harmful gases in the atmosphere is unsafe and unhealthy. This is a disadvantage of burning garbage; therefore, this answer choice is correct. Answer D is incorrect. Burned garbage does not take up more but less space - about 20% of the original volume. When garbage is turned to ashes, its size is visibly reduced. That's an advantage of burning garbage, not a disadvantage. The correct answer is C.

Which of the following responsibilities is necessary to ensure that an individual right in the Bill of Rights is upheld? A.serving in the military B.serving on a jury C.voting in federal elections D.paying taxes

Answer A is incorrect. Serving in the military is a responsibility that many Americans take seriously and it is a vital responsibility, but it is not necessarily required to ensure that individuals receive a right guaranteed in the Bill of Rights. Answer B is correct. In order for individuals to receive the right to a jury trial, Americans have a responsibility to serve on juries. Answer C is incorrect. Voting in federal elections is a responsibility of all Americans, but it is not necessarily required to ensure that individuals receive a right guaranteed in the Bill of Rights. Answer D is incorrect. Paying taxes is a responsibility of all Americans but it is not necessarily required to ensure that individuals receive a right guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.

The student is expected to — A. plan a first draft by selecting a genre for a particular topic, purpose, and audience using a range of strategies such as brainstorming, freewriting, and mapping. B. develop drafts into a focused, structured, and coherent piece of writing. C. organizing with purposeful structure, including an introduction, transitions, and a conclusion. D. developing an engaging idea with relevant details. E. revise drafts to improve sentence structure and word choice by adding, deleting, combining, and rearranging ideas for coherence and clarity. F. edit drafts using standard English conventions. G. publish written work for appropriate audiences.

Answer A is incorrect. Students did not select their own genre for this writing assignment. Answer B is correct. Students will develop drafts before submitting their finished product. Answer C is correct. Students will follow a specific structure in this writing assignment. Answer D is correct. Students will include relevant details in this writing assignment. Answer E is correct. Students will work to improve sentence structure and vocabulary as they revise drafts. Answer F is correct. Students will use Standard English conventions such as subject-verb agreement and avoiding run-on sentences, splices, and fragments, etc. Answer G is incorrect. Although students will share their work with the teacher and the ideas from their work with their classmates, they will not publish (even informally) with an audience. The correct answers are B, C, D, E, and F.

There have been 27 Amendments to the Constitution. Which of the following best describes the process that occurred in the passage of all of these amendments? A.They were passed by a majority vote in both houses of Congress and then approved by the Supreme Court. B.They were passed by a two-thirds vote in both houses of Congress and then approved by three-fourths of the states. C.They were approved by a two-thirds vote in both houses of Congress and then signed by the president. D.They were approved by three-fourths of the Supreme Court and then approved by two-thirds of the states.

Answer A is incorrect. The Supreme Court has no role in the Constitutional amendment process. Answer B is correct. All of these amendments were proposed by a two-thirds vote in both houses and then approved by three-fourths of the states. In all but one of the amendments, the legislatures of the states approved the amendments. In one (21st Amendment) states had conventions that approved the amendment. Answer C is incorrect. The president does not have a role in the amendment process. Answer D is incorrect. The Supreme Court does not have a role in the Constitutional amendment process.

Sue, a high school choral director, has programmed two short sacred works by Bach and Palestrina for the fall concert for her top choir. Wanting to challenge her students to incorporate multiple levels of thinking, she is planning to include activities that engage her students at each level of thinking identified in Benjamin Bloom's Cognitive Taxonomy.What order or level of cognitive processing would be identified with a student singing a vocal line with appropriate articulation and style after it has been explained and demonstrated by the teacher? A.Evaluation B.Comprehension C.Knowledge D.Application

Answer A is incorrect. The ability to discriminate between ideas, assess the value of presentations, and make choices based on reasoned argument is identified with the Evaluation level in Bloom's Cognitive Taxonomy. Answer B is incorrect. The ability to understand information, compare and contrast, and distinguish is identified with the Comprehension level in Bloom's Cognitive Taxonomy. Answer C is incorrect. The ability to recall facts, such as dates, events, and places is identified with the Knowledge level in Bloom's Cognitive Taxonomy. Answer D is correct. The ability to use information, use methods and theories in new situations is identified with the Application level in Bloom's Cognitive Taxonomy.

Attitudes, feelings, and values regarding health objectives to be achieved in teaching fall within the ________________ domain. A.cognitive B.affective C.action D.behavior

Answer A is incorrect. The cognitive domain refers to knowledge of facts and the ability to answer questions correctly and recall health information. Answer B is correct. The affective domain regards attitudes, feelings, and values, including cooperation with other people, appreciation and understanding of points of view and emotions, and appreciation for artistic expression. Answer C is incorrect. The action domain is a term not associated with health education. Answer D is incorrect. Behavior domain is not a term associated with health education. The correct answer is B.

What instrument is most closely associated with the music of the western Africa? A.didjeridu B.djembe C.steelpan drums D.darabukka

Answer A is incorrect. The didjeridu is closely associated with the indigenous music of the aboriginal culture in Australia. Answer B is correct. Djembe (also jembe, jenbe, djimbe, jimbe, jymbe, yembe, yimbe, or jimbay ) is one of many types of drums that originated in Africa, but the djembe may be the most well-known African drum outside the continent. Answer C is incorrect. Steelpan drums were developed in Trinidad and Tobago from discarded American 55-gallon oil-drums left on the south American islands after World War II. Answer D is incorrect. Darabukka is a goblet-shaped drum associated with music (after 1900) of Egypt, which is referred to as "the epicenter for all Arab and Middle Eastern music."

Students in a fourth-grade class are working with geoboards. Each geoboard has a grid drawn on it and a peg at each intersection of the grid. Students stretch rubber bands around the pegs to create shapes. One student's shape is shown below.The teacher shows the student how to add the squares and fractions of squares enclosed by the rubber band to count the total number of squares within the triangle. This activity would best promote the student's understanding of which of the following geometry concepts? A.perimeter B.area C.congruence D.volume

Answer A is incorrect. The distance around a geometric figure is called perimeter. In this case, the perimeter would be equal to 4+4+√32=8+2√8=8+4√2 Answer B is correct. The measure of the surface enclosed by a geometric figure is the area. In this case we would use A=1/2*bh or A=b*h/2 . Answer C is incorrect. When two line segments have the same length, they are congruent. This question clearly shows a single triangle, not two triangles with congruent measurements. Answer D is incorrect. The amount of space a container will hold is called capacity, or volume, and only applies to 3-dimensional figures. Since this is a 2-dimensional figure, it cannot have volume. The correct answer is B.

Which of the following best describes an example of a rapid change that takes place on Earth over time? A.changes to Earth's surface in the formation of mountains B.changes to Earth's surface from the effects of an earthquake C.changes to Earth by climate change D.changes to Earth by the destruction of the rain forest

Answer A is incorrect. The formation of mountains is a slow change to Earth's surface. It takes millions of years for mountains to form. Answer B is correct. Earthquakes are considered as a rapid change to Earth's surface. Most earthquakes last only seconds. Answer C is incorrect. Climate change is a slow change. Scientists are still trying to figure out how much Earth's climate is changing over time. Answer D is incorrect. The destruction of the rain forest is a slow change that has been ongoing for decades. The correct answer is B.

Which of the following is equivalent to 28 grams? A..0028 milligrams B..28 kilograms C.2.8 decigrams D.28,000 milligrams

Answer A is incorrect. There are 1000 milligrams in 1 gram; therefore, 28 grams would be equivalent to 28,000 milligrams, not .0028 milligrams. Answer B is incorrect. There are .1000 kilograms in 1 gram, or 1000 grams in 1 kilogram; therefore, 28 grams would be equivalent to .028 kilograms, not .28 kilograms. Answer C is incorrect. There are 10 decigrams in 1 gram; therefore, 28 grams would be equivalent to 280 decigrams, not 2.8 decigrams. Answer D is correct. There are 1000 milligrams in 1 gram, therefore, 28 grams would be equivalent to 28,000 milligrams. The correct answer is D.

Which of the following groups opposed the United States annexation of Texas? A.those of Mexican descent living in Texas B.immigrants from the United States who settled in Texas C.abolitionists living in the United States D.industrial leaders in the Northeast United States

Answer A is incorrect. There was not widespread opposition by Mexicans living in Texas to the United States annexation of Texas. Answer B is incorrect. American immigrants who settled in Texas were greatly supportive of annexation, so this is not the answer. Answer C is correct. Since slavery was legal in Texas, abolitionists opposed the annexation of another slave state into the United States. Answer D is incorrect. Industrial leaders did not oppose the annexation of Texas.

Ms. Molina's sixth graders will be tested in science on the upcoming STAAR test. She fears the students will be tested over information she has not had time to teach in the busy school year. Ms. Molina intends to use formative assessments to gauge her students' progress in understanding important objectives in the remaining months before the STAAR test. Which of the following is the best choice of formative assessment to use for this purpose? A.Administer a practice test the week before the STAAR test to determine who will pass. B.Use practice STAAR test questions each day as a daily warm up to provide practice and determine mastery of important objectives. C.Administer a practice test once a month to provide practice and determine who will pass the STAAR test. D.Divide the students into small groups and allow them to work together to answer a practice test the week before the STAAR test.

Answer A is incorrect. This is a summative not a formative assessment. Summative assessment verifies learning. Formative assessment is to improve learning and occurs before and during instruction. Answer B is correct. The information obtained with quizzes and tests given during instruction can be used to reteach, adjust instruction, vary the pace of instruction, or adjust the curriculum. Answer C is incorrect. You can eliminate this answer because it refers to a summative not a formative assessment. Summative assessment verifies learning. Formative assessment is to improve learning and occurs before and during instruction. Answer D is incorrect. You can eliminate this answer because it refers to a summative not a formative assessment. Formative assessment occurs before and during instruction. For example, before instruction begins, a teacher may want to determine students' level of skills and knowledge of a subject.

Carbon is taken from the atmosphere in two ways. Which of the following choices describes one of the ways carbon is taken from the atmosphere? A.Volcanoes use carbon from the atmosphere to fuel eruptions. B.Carbon from the atmosphere is used in the burning of fossil fuels like coal. C.Plants perform the process of photosynthesis and change carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into carbohydrates for fuel/energy. D.Plants convert oxygen from the atmosphere into carbon dioxide during the process of photosynthesis. This process requires carbon from the atmosphere.

Answer A is incorrect. Volcanoes do not use carbon from the atmosphere to fuel eruptions. Rather, volcanoes release carbon into the atmosphere during eruptions. This answer choice is, therefore, incorrect. Answer B is incorrect. The arrow in the above diagram shows that carbon is released into the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels, not that carbon is used to burn fossil fuels. This answer choice is, therefore, incorrect. Answer C is correct. During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide (which contains carbon) from the atmosphere, as shown in the diagram above, and release oxygen into the atmosphere. This answer choice is, therefore, correct. Answer D is incorrect. This answer choice can be eliminated because during photosynthesis, plants do not take in oxygen, neither do they release carbon dioxide; rather, they take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen.

Of the following examples: an aquarium of water, air, a solid wooden table or a foam cup, which will sound waves travel faster through? A.aquarium of water B.air C.solid wood table D.foam cup

Answer A is incorrect. Water is less dense than a solid, so sound will travel slower through the water. Answer B is incorrect. Air is a gas so the sound waves will travel the slowest through the air. Answer C is correct. Sound waves travel faster through dense materials (solids) and slower through liquids and gases. Answer D is incorrect. The foam cup, even though a solid, it is not as dense as a solid wood table, so the sound waves will not travel as fast through the foam cup.

Which of the following is the most accurate descriptor of the physiological differences that start to emerge between males and females in adolescence? A.both males and females develop sexually and as a result, gain body fat B.males increase in lean body mass, while females increase in fat tissue C.females begin puberty approximately one year after males D.males experience menarche around at 14, and females around age 12

Answer A is incorrect. You can eliminate this answer because males tend to decrease body fat at puberty. They increase in lean body mass. Answer B is correct. At the onset of adolescence, the increase in testosterone for males contributes to the gain of muscle mass. For females, the increase in estrogen contributes to the increase in body fat. Answer C is incorrect. You can eliminate this answer because females typically start puberty two years before males (ages 12 and 14, respectively). Females mature earlier in general than males. Answer D is incorrect. You can eliminate this answer; menarche refers to the first menstrual cycle, which is experienced only by females. The average onset is 12 years.

Mrs. DeGarza wants to plan a unit on literacy skills for her fourth graders using results from the latest benchmark testing and STAAR results. After assessing to determine the instructional needs of her students, Mrs. DeGarza wants to provide varied experiences for her students. Which of the following is a way Mrs. DeGarza could accomplish this task? A.provide students with opportunities to search the computer for answers to formative assessment questions written by Mrs. DeGarza B.provide students with an assignment menu that allows them to make choices on how they will meet the course objectives C.provide a variety of worksheets for students to complete D.provide a variety of books to look at and read

Answer B is correct. An assignment menu will present a variety of activities to appeal to the varied learning styles and needs a typical class of students presents.

Which of the following correctly identifies the energy transformations in the closed circuit as it travels through the circuit from the battery? A.chemical energy, electrical energy, heat energy B.chemical energy, electrical energy, heat energy, light energy, electrical energy C.heat energy, electrical energy, light energy, electrical energy D.electrical energy, light energy, chemical energy, heat energy

Answer B is correct. Chemical energy, electrical energy, heat energy, light energy, electrical energy is the correct sequence of energy transformations in this circuit. The energy in the battery starts off as chemical. The chemicals in the battery interact and produce electrons that flow from the negative end of the battery through wires in the form of electrical energy (a flow of electrons). The electrical energy heats the filament in the bulb which produces light. The energy travels from the bulb back to the battery along the wires in the form of electrical energy.

Find the sum of the following: 2/9 + 1/4 + 1/6 A.4/19 B.23/36 C.3/13 D.4/9

Answer B is correct. The Lowest Common Denominator (LCD) is 36. 2/9 +1/4 +1/6 =8/36 +9/36 +6/36 =23/36 The key to finding the right answer here is in understanding that it is necessary to find the LCD and how to do that. The LCD is basically a number that is divisible by all three denominators. In this case 36 is the lowest number that is divisible by 9, 4, and 6. Finding the Lowest Common Denominator (LCD) is important because fractions cannot be compared or added/subtracted unless you have the same size and same number of parts in one whole. Circles divided into nine parts, four parts and six parts, can all be divided into 36 equal parts for comparison.

A physical education teacher is planning to use the Fitnessgram assessment for all her classes, as required by the state board of education. This assessment will happen 8 weeks before the end of the school year. Which practice is most appropriate to use the Fitnessgram assessment for planning and student self-evaluation? B.Three times throughout the school year, the teacher leads the students through the various tests, uploads the results into the Fitnessgram software, shares each student's data with that student and uses that information to create goals related to fitness that are addressed throughout the year. C.At the beginning of the school year and at the designated testing time, all students complete the Fitnessgram testing. The teacher posts the results on a bulletin board and once every month, has a "Fitness Friday" in class, where all students work on improving the class averages for each test.

Answer B is correct. The teacher is not only familiarizing the students with the assessments and their purpose, but is using the data to create individualized goals and action plans for improving fitness throughout the school year. Answer C is incorrect. You can eliminate this answer because physical fitness should be a part of daily planning, and should be incorporated into all lessons. In addition, testing results should not be made public and students should be focusing on their own fitness goals within the structure of the larger class.

Why do islands and coastal cities have warmer and more constant weather than inland locations? A.Air near the ocean warms and cools faster than desert and inland air. B.Water absorbs energy at a slower rate and releases the energy at an equally slow rate. C.Water absorbs energy at a slower rate and releases the energy faster than absorbed. D.Air near the ocean receives more sunlight than air inland and, therefore, stays warmer.

Answer B is correct. Water absorbs energy at a slower rate and releases the energy at an equally slow rate. Ecosystems next to large bodies of water, coastal areas, such as islands, coasts, and bays, tend to stay warmer and have a more constant temperature due to the water effect.

Which of the following is not a skill or strategy recommended for boundary setting and refusal skills for grades 3 to 5? A.saying "no" clearly and assertively, not aggressively B.avoid or leave the situation C.suggest something different to do D.negotiate needs and wants

Answer B is incorrect. You can eliminate this answer because avoiding or leaving a situation is an excellent way to not only refuse, but to remove oneself from the stressor of having to verbalize "no." This skill is complemented by other strategies for social development such as choosing friends wisely. Answer D is correct. Negotiation is not recommended in a situation where an activity should be refused. Negotiating is also an advanced skill, and students in grades 3 to 5 may not understand it. Negotiating is a skill that is more likely to be used in a collaborative situation, not a refusal situation. The correct answer is D.

As the science teacher begins the unit on phases of the moon, they need to address the misconceptions students have about the motion of the moon and what people see in the night sky. The teacher has a video and an article for students to watch and read.What strategy will best engage students and identify the misconceptions as well as address them? A.a KWL chart on phases of the moon B.a pre and post assessment on phases of the moon C.a RAN chart (reading and analyzing non-fiction text) on phases of the moon D.taking notes and writing a summary from the video and article on phases of the moon

Answer C is correct. A method for addressing misconceptions is using a RAN chart (Reading and analyzing non-fiction text). Ran charts are similar to KWL charts, but they are interactive and concretely address misconceptions.

Mrs. Northup has a fourth-grade class with a number of English Learners. The class is reading and discussing some classic American short stories. What would be the best way for her to include her English Learners in class discussions and facilitate their comprehension of the texts? A.Form a separate group for the English Learners where they can read and discuss short stories from their own country. B.Assign the EL students to groups with the other students but have them just listen so they can learn from their classmates. C.Distribute the EL students among all the groups and have them participate fully in the discussions with other students. D.Assign EL students to groups that contain one non-EL student who can lead and direct the group discussions.

Answer C is correct. By placing the EL students in mixed groups of other students, the teacher is including them in the class discussions. One important additional step for explicitly teaching comprehension skills to ELs is to partner ELs with more dominant English speakers and ask each student to take a turn reading and thinking aloud with short passages.

Mrs. Johnson teaches prekindergarten in the Plano Independent School District. She knows that formal, scripted drama is not appropriate for her four-year-old students. Instead, she regularly includes creative drama activities in her curriculum. In creative drama, the focus is on the benefits of dramatic experiences when there is no pressure to perform. Creative drama is — A.perception-oriented. B.product-oriented. C.process-oriented. D.performance-oriented.

Answer C is correct. Creative drama is an improvisational form of drama where children are guided by a teacher to imagine, act out, and reflect on specific experiences, real or imagined. Children learn during the experience, rather than focusing on a final performance product. Answer D is incorrect. Creative drama is process- rather than product-oriented. Formal drama, with its goal of a polished performance, is product-oriented.

A teacher introduces new social studies vocabulary words to her students. The new words describe various landforms. First, the class reviewed "kid-friendly" definitions of each word. Which of the following activities requires students to select, organize, and produce visuals to complement and extend the meanings of the words? A.The students draw a picture of what they think the landform might look like. B.The students look up the words in the dictionary. C.The students use safe internet sites to find and draw visuals for each landform. D.The students use a map to find representations of the landforms.

Answer C is correct. Finding pictures of each landform, whether it is on the internet or in the text, would help the students select, organize and produce visuals to complement the meaning of the words.

The teacher is introducing ways to chart and graph the measures of central tendency. Which of the following are the most comprehensive options for the students to apply the central measures of tendency to creating charts and graphs? A.bar graphs, picture graphs, data tables, T charts B.circle graphs, dot plots C.frequency tables, dot plots, stem-and-leaf plots D.pie charts, frequency tables, stem-and-leaf plots

Answer C is correct. In assessing this concept, we are evaluating for data analysis. The information in frequency tables can be used easily with a stem-and-leaf plot. The dot plot accounts for one axis and the frequency with which that event occurs.

Using probability to describe the outcome of simple events, the teacher brought to class a box of 24 popsicles in four colors. In the box are eight red popsicles, six orange popsicles, four green popsicles and six purple popsicles. How would the class describe the simple event of the teacher selecting one green popsicle from the box? A.Simple events are events that occur only one time. Simple events are determined by what happens in that one moment and indicated by a fraction. B.Probability is the likelihood that an event will occur at a moment in time. C.The simple event of selecting one green popsicle is the number of favorable outcomes over the number of total outcomes; thus, the probability would be $\frac{1}{6}$16 . D.The simple event of selecting a green popsicle is the total number of outcomes divided by the total number of green popsicles; thus, the probability would be 6.

Answer C is correct. In order to find the probability (how likely it is for an event to occur) the student will divide the how likely an event is to occur by the total number possible events. Simple probability is a single outcome possible, or only one outcome.

When should 911 be called if someone is having a seizure? A.someone with a history of seizures has a seizure lasting 2 minutes B.someone with a history of seizures has a 60 second seizure C.the person asks for medical attention D.someone with a history of seizures has seizures farther apart than normal

Answer C is correct. Regardless of the severity or length of a seizure, if the person requests that they receive medical attention, you should seek it out for them immediately. A person who regularly has seizures knows what is "normal," in terms of symptoms. Any request for medical care should be honored.

Mrs. Jones is planning learning goals for her kindergarten students as she begins a series of lessons on patterns. Mrs. Jones will present her class with opportunities to learn about patterns in a variety of ways. She will create and use representations to organize, record and communicate the mathematical ideas behind patterns. Following the series of lessons, Mrs. Jones will assess her class on the skills and knowledge that have been taught. When developing the learning goals, it would be wise for Mrs. Jones to include which of the following? A.skip counting B.coloring patterns in a hundreds chart C.extra time for playing with patterns D.reevaluation of instruction

Answer C is incorrect. While students of this age will need to concretely work with patterns and may do so through play, playing with the patterns may just be one lesson in this series of lessons and would be a way for the teacher to collect information and observe her students working with the patterns. Answer D is correct. Often, after an assessment is given, the data results in the reevaluation of instruction. Reevaluating instruction provides the teacher the opportunity to see a broader picture of the knowledge gained within her students. The correct answer is D.

A sixth-grade teacher uses a knowledge rating chart to informally assess vocabulary knowledge. Students self-assess their knowledge of the words before and after the vocabulary study. If students know the word, they should be able to use it correctly. If they have heard of it, they may or may not understand the word well. If they don't know it, this is a word absent from their vocabulary. Illustrated below is one student's recorded assessment.Using the vocabulary words above, the teacher might next have the students — A.make index cards of each word. B.define each word they don't know using a dictionary. C.use each word in a sentence. D.predict meanings of the words prior to reading.

Answer D is correct. Predicting meanings of the words prior to reading the words in the text is a good strategy. The students can check their predictions as they encounter the words. This will become a part of the "monitoring" process as students encounter words in the text. The correct answer is D.

According to the TEKS, third-grade students are expected to determine the value of a collection of coins and bills. The teacher has written $7.62 on the board and asked students to explain what bills and coins they would use to show this amount. Which of the following is a semi-abstract strategy for how the students would show the amount? A.Students can use the play money of coins and bills to show the amount of money as it is written on the board. B.Students can practice and play with the money and pretend to spend $7.62. C.Students can rewrite the amount on the board. D.Students can explain and decompose the numbers, draw pictures of the money, and write out how many one dollar bills, five dollar bills and types and amounts of coins are needed.

Answer D is correct. Semi-abstract forms of learning involve drawing pictures. It is a representational level of the concrete model. Drawing the bills and coins and writing their amounts allow the students to practice in a semi-abstract way and allows them the opportunity to practice writing money amounts with dollar signs and decimals. The correct answer is D.

A fourth-grade social studies teacher is designing a lesson to help his students critically evaluate magazine articles on various topics. Which of the following activities would most likely accomplish that purpose? A.Have the students identify the major points discussed in the article. B.Have the students research each author's background and experience. C.Find other articles that support the authors' position and those that do not. D.Determine which parts of the article are fact and which are opinion.

Answer D is correct. The activity where students are expected to distinguish between fact and opinion will prompt students to critically evaluate an article and address the goal of the teacher. Bloom's Taxonomy of higher order thinking skills range from low level thinking skills (like comprehension and application) to higher level skills (such as evaluation and synthesis). According to the TExES, teachers should try to teach to the higher level skills. Some of the other answers to this question, such as choice A, only tap into students' lower level thinking skills. Only answer choice D requires students to use higher order thinking. Determining whether a statement someone makes is that person's opinion, or whether it is supported with facts requires more sophisticated thinking on the part of students. The correct answer is D.

In order to relate rounding numbers to a real life situation, the teacher is taking the class on a virtual field trip of a grocery store. The class has been divided into groups and given a list of items to purchase with a set budget. The students are to shop the store and use mental math with rounding to assess if the budget they have been given is adequate to purchase the needed items. The students have a set amount of time to complete the assignment. Which mathematical processes would be applicable in this activity? A.rounding to the nearest decimal, addition of decimals, subtraction of decimals B.rounding, adding, subtracting C.personal financial literacy, budgeting, problem solving D.rounding to the whole number, addition of whole numbers, subtraction of whole numbers

Answer D is correct. Using mental math and rounding is a real-world application in this scenario. The teacher is providing an opportunity to apply the learned concepts to a regular task in life. Setting a budgeted amount also supports the financial literacy TEKS. The correct answer is D.

Emphasis in art is a principle of design. It is the main idea or center of interest. Emphasis in an artwork can be achieved by using — (Select all that apply.) A. larger letters. B. a brighter color. C. an unusual shape or texture. D. a line among other lines to simulate the movement of wind. E. symmetry.

Answer D is incorrect. A faint line among other lines in the artwork will not lead to the focus of attention. It will not make the target area stand out. Answer E is correct. When creating a piece of artwork, an artist may designate the most dominant element of the work by using other principles of design to emphasize the most important part. In this case, symmetry, which is the perfect example of balance. The correct answers are A, B, C, and E.

Each student has been given a small package of colored chocolate candies. The students will sort and classify their candies by color and the number of candies of each color. Students will then make a chart and a graph to show the number of each color in their packages. This activity supports which of the following TEKS? A.use data to create picture and bar-type graphs B.collect, sort, and organize data in up to three categories using models/representations such as tally marks or T-charts C.identify examples and non-examples of charting and graphing data D.draw conclusions and generate and answer questions using information from picture and bar-type graphs

B.

Elements of reading fluency

Decoding Words, Automaticity and Prosody (Intonation)

When drawing with pencil (graphite) it is appropriate to select from a range of pencils to create various lines and effects. The pencil grades include a number and the letter H or B or both letters.Select from the following to complete this phrase: H means (Hue/Hold/Hard/Hex) and B means (Burnt Umber/Basic/Black/Brown Earth).

Hard and Black

Elements of reading comprehension.

Identifying the Purpose of The Text

While learning division facts, the third-grade students in Mrs. White's class are learning divisibility rules as they apply to solving problems. The students want to solve 256/4. Use the drop down menu to determine the divisibility rule they should apply to this problem. If the last digit is 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 If the sum of the digits is divisible by 3 If the last two digits is divisible by 4 If the last digit is a 5 or 0 If the number is divisible by 2 and 3 Cross off the last digit, double it and subtract. Repeat if you want. If the new number is divisible by 7, the original number is divisible by 7 If last 3 digits is divisible by 8If the sum of the digits is divisible by 9 If the last digit is 0 Subtract the last digit from the number formed by the remaining digits. If the new number is divisible by 11, the original number is divisible by 11 If the number is divisible by 3 and 4

The correct answer is "If the last two digits are divisible by 4". Learning divisibility rules can assist students in forming strategies for problem solving within division and real-world application.

Pueblo

The houses of the pueblo were usually built around a central, open space or plaza in the middle of which was a chamber dedicated to sacred secret rites. For better defense against the wild tribes, the outer walls were frequently solid, without door or window opening, entrance being effected by means of ladders— one on the outside for ascending to the flat roof, and another descending into the interior through a doorway in the roof itself.

unemployment

The official unemployment rate is determined by measuring the number of people who do not have a job but are actively looking. Those who are currently employed, even if they are part time and they are looking for a better job, are not unemployed. Retired people and students who voluntarily quit their jobs and are not looking for another one are not included as unemployed.

Which of the following countries is expected to experience approximately 100% growth in people older than 65? A.Denmark (15/24) B.Japan (17/32) C.Russian Federation (13/26) D.United Kingdom (16/25)

To determine the percentage increase from year 200 to year 2050, you need to first find the difference between the two numbers. For example, Belgium is expected to have 28% of its population over the age of 65 in 2050. In 2000 there were 17% of its population was over the age of 65. The difference between the two is 11. Now you need to determine what percent 11 is of the original number of 17. This can be done in a simple algebraic equation. 11 = 17x. To solve for x, divide 17 by both sides so that 11/17 = x. The answer is .647 or about 65% increase.

When Lee came to the United States, she noticed many things that were different from her home country. First, she noticed how people shook hands when they met. This example of (assimilation/ethnocentrism/folkways) was very different than where she was from. Lee thought that her way of greeting people with a kiss on the cheek was a better way of greeting people. Lee's belief that her way of greeting people was better than the way she saw in the United States is an example of (assimilation/ethnocentrism/folkways) . Lee noticed that after a few months in the United States both her parents were quick to greet new people with a handshake. The acceptance of this practice by her parents is an example of (assimilation/ethnocentrism/folkways).

When people move to a new place they often find the local customs odd. The norms that are peculiar to a specific culture are known as folkways. Traditional American folkways of holding the doors open for others, shaking hands, table manners, and not interrupting others when they are speaking are all examples of folkways. Folkways are different based upon one's background and customs. When someone believes that their folkways and customs are superior to that of others they are exhibiting ethnocentrism. As people assimilate, they begin to adopt the folkways of their new surroundings and often embrace folkways quickly.

subordinating conjunction

a single word that introduces and joins the dependent clause to the main clause. EX: ALTHOUGH they lost the game, they demonstrated great skill.

adjective

a word that describes or clarifies a noun. Adjectives describe nouns by giving some information about an object's size, shape, age, color, origin or material. Here are some examples: It's a big table. (size); It's a round table. (shape); It's an old table. (age); It's a brown table. (color); It's an English table. (origin); It's a wooden table. (material); It's a lovely table. (opinion); It's a broken table. (observation); It's a coffee table. (purpose). Ex: The FOOTBALL game went into overtime.

noun

a word that names a person, a place, a thing or an idea. A noun can tell who or what. Here are some examples: person: man, woman, teacher, John, Mary; place: home, office, town, countryside, America; thing: table, car, banana, money, music, love, dog, monkey Ex: Everyone dislikes MONDAY mornings.

Adverbs

describe verbs. Typically adverbs express time (now, then), manner (happily, easily), degree (less, more, very), direction and place (there, up, down), affirmation or negation (certainly, not), cause and result (thus, consequently), and qualification. Ex: The boy went to school YESTERDAY.

indefinite pronoun

does not refer to any specific person, thing or amount. It is vague and "not definite". EX: The brilliant student would do ANYTHING to make a good grade.

predicate adjective

follows a linking verb and provides information that describes the subject of the sentence. EX: She is INTELLIGENT and generous.

preposition

gives information about location, direction, space, or time. Prepositions are usually part of a phrase because they often have a noun or pronoun after them. Prepositions show where something is located or in which direction it is moving. Here is a list of common prepositions: as, at, but, by, down, for, from, in, into, like, near, next, of, off, on, over, plus, since...etc. Ex: He surprised his wife and bought flowers FOR her birthday.

conjunctive adverb

indicates the relation in meaning between two sequential independent clauses. EX: The boy felt neglected, INDEED.

Diabetes is the result of insufficient (endorphins/insulin) production by the body's (pancreas/spleen).

insulin and pancreas.

Orthography

is the art or study of correct spelling. It represents the sounds of a language in a spelling system.

Partial product

one strategy for breaking down a multiplication problem into smaller parts. Through partial product, students apply number sense of place value as they multiply, then add to find the total product. As teachers apply the traditional algorithm to solving for multiplication products, students can refer back to the partial product strategy to see how it leads them to the final product.

sight word

one that cannot be sounded out phonetically because it doesn't follow the rules of phonics, or one that is used with a high level of frequency.

Syntax cue

refers to the fact that English places restrictions on the order that words can be placed in a meaningful sentence.

Semantic cue

refers to the fact there are some words that make sense in the context of the text and other words that do not.

Repetition

sections of the melody would be repeated

Arpeggiation

the notes of a chord are played one after another.

Inversion

the notes of the melody would be presented upside down as if seen in a mirror so that the variation would go down when the original melody goes up and vice versa.

diminution

the notes of the melody would be the same as in the original except that they would have smaller note values.

Apache tribe

was disorganized, and splintered into several separate bands. Lifestyle of the Apaches was considered nomadic. Though they would farm for part of the year, they would also follow the seasons to hunt for game. They lived completely off the Buffalo, and once horses were introduced, they readily adapted to them.

Karankawas

were very intimidating. They were big! The men were reportedly over 6 feet tall, some even approaching 7 feet. Their (mostly naked) muscular bodies were covered in tatoos and their noses and nipples were pierced with a piece of cane. The women were also mostly naked, and covered in tatoos.

Caddo tribe

were very successful farmers, pottery makers, and tradesmen. They occupied the lands near the Red River, and Eastern Texas. Deer was their primary source of meat. Caddos were a sedentary tribe. They generally stayed in one place, and didn't travel with the seasons (which in Texas are mild all year long). One thing they are well known for is their word for friend, "Tejas," which was the basis for the state name, "Texas."

revenue function

x(300 - x) or 300x - x2 is correct. This expression is the product of the number of items sold times the selling price.