Praxis 2 Speech Communication Praxis Practice Test Review

Broadly speaking, in our culture personal space is typically ________, while social space is _______. Of these types of spaces, ______ is more likely to affect how communication is shaped.

1 1/2 - 4 feet; 4-12 feet; personal space

Which four of the following are standard parliamentary procedures that require a second as written in Robert's Rules of Order?

1. Amendment 2. Main motion 3. Subsidiary motion 4. Reconsider

Which three of the following interpersonal communication tactics are intended to avoid face-threatening situations?

1. Changing a humiliating topic 2. Pretending not to notice when a degrading statement is made 3. Conveying complaints

Which four of the following strategies can be used by a person arguing the negative side in a policy debate?

1. Counterplan 2. Defense of the present system 3. Repair of the status quo 4. Denial of affirmative solution

Which three of the following are factors in demographic audience analysis?

1. Gender ratio of the audience 2. Age of the audience 3. Educational level of the audience

Which four of the following are roles of a judge during a debate tournament?

1. Making at least one written suggestion for improvement 2. Making at least one positive comment 3. Focusing the critique on exploration of alternatives 4. Ranking, rating, and signing the ballot

Which three of the following are considered folklore or folklife?

1. Riddles 2. Figures of Speech 3. Proverbs

Which three of the following are true of connectives as elements of a speech?

1. They strengthen speech organization. 2. They include transitions and signposts. 3. They help the audience understand the speech.

Which four of the following are functions of a course syllabus?

1. To inform students of the scope of the work 2. To identify the sequence the work will follow 3. To describe the tasks by which success will be determined 4. To identify the goals and objectives of the course

Which four of the following practices are considered important when preparing a manuscript for an oral interpretation?

1. Typing up a performance version of the manuscript instead of reading from the source material 2. Holding the script at a height that allows for eye contact and reading 3. Breaking pages in unique places to emphasize meaning and script sections 4. Practicing enough that the reader can look away from the manuscript often

How many meaningful facial expressions have been catalogued?

10,000

Public speaking is ultimately always about:

A and B (Achieving the speakers objective, Meeting the audience needs)

Speech tournament competitions are preferably held in which of the following?

A classroom

Which of the following lists the three major elements of a problem?

A goal, barriers to that goal, and approaches to the barriers

Which of the following is a benefit that synergy provides for members of a small group?

A level of accomplishment that is greater than the members could have achieved working alone

Which of the following forensics competition speeches would be more rehearsed than the others at a typical speech tournament?

A prose reading of Poe's The Tell-Tale Heart

When selecting a text for a public speaking course at the high school level, the teacher should look for:

A text written at a level slightly above the students' abilities

Which of the following are effective listening techniques?

A. Interrupt to ask questions; paraphrase B. Focus; don't form opinions too soon D. Make eye contact; avoid being defensive

Making a strong argument in a speech, conversation, or debate requires:

Acknowledging the opposing point of view with respect

Which of the following ways of speaking is disrespectful to diverse audiences?

Addressing issues only from one's own point of view

Before writing a speech, the writer needs to do an audience analysis, which considers which of the these factors:

All of the above (Age, Gender, culture, Nationality, religious affiliation, skills and experiences with the topic, audiences needs and interests)

Which of the following criteria might a teacher use to assess a student's public speaking project?

All of the above (Chooses and fine tunes a topic for a specific audience, Communicates the thesis sufficiently, Ideas progress logically, Selects appropriate and quality support material)

How might intrapersonal communication enhance interpersonal communication?

All of the above (Daydreaming is a type of personal rehearsal for a potential intercommunication, Reflecting upon a conversation can lead to deeper understanding of the communication's meaning, Keeping a journal creates self-awareness, Gesturing, a type of self-talk, adds to a message's meaning)

Which of the following methods of assessment are useful for student presentations?

All of the above (Dialogue with the audience, Audience feedback with a rubric, Videotape, Self-assessment with rubrics)

Videoconferencing, the Internet, mobile phones, and intranets and other information and communication technologies:

All of the above (Have changed the face of business, Have created a global marketplace, Have changed the face of politics, Have negatively affected economies)

Interpersonal communications can be unclear due to:

All of the above (Misinterpretation, Assumptions, Environmental context, Relational context)

A teacher wants to give her public speaking students exciting topics so they will get involved with their material. Where can she find appropriate topics?

All of the above (Online, From other teachers, From books, From her students)

Numerical data should be:

All of the above (Presented visually as well as orally, Presented in the context of an image, Repeated throughout the speech, Translated into something the audience can relate to)

How does an actor best develop a character?

All of the above (Read the play to understand how the character relates to others, Learn lines quickly to internalize them, Find commonality with the character, Avoid obvious or stereotypical responses)

which of the following are negative outcomes associated with a group that has fallen under the influence of groupthink?

All of the above (Seeking only information that supports pre-existing positions, failure to consider a number of alternatives, failure to examine one anthers ideas thoroughly, failure to have a contingency plan to fall back on)

Expressive language competency requires:

All of the above (oral language, gesture, tone, context)

The study of aesthetics in literature and drama is not concerned with which of the following?

All of the above (practical concerns, moral concerns, political concerns, ethical concerns)

Rehearsing a speech by videotaping it will help a speaker:

All of the above( Recognize effective nonverbal information, Recognize confusing nonverbal information, Recognize effective speech patterns, Recognize where the speech loses focus)

The uses and gratifications model holds that motivations for attending to media include:

All of the above. (The audience identifies with values or roles expressed, thereby reinforcing their behaviors and beliefs., The audience seeks a sense of relationship and security., The audience seeks information or knowledge., The audience wants to escape through entertainment.)

Identity achievement occurs when:

An individual makes a commitment to a single identity.

To what degree is effective listening natural to all people?

An innate ability to listen effectively is not a natural skill.

During a speech in class, a student recounts that the actor James Dean once competed in a national speech tournament but did not advance to the finals because he exceeded the time limit. The student is using the story as which of the following supporting materials?

Anecdote

Which of the following terms refers to a published collection of full literary works organized by genre or subject matter?

Anthology

President John F. Kennedy's famous quotation, "Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country" is an example of which of the following language devices?

Antithesis

A startling introductory statement is most useful in establishing contact with which kind of audience?

Apathetic

The earliest known writing on dramatic theory was:

Aristotle's poetics

A student speaker who says, "The soun dint wake him up in the morning" instead of "The sounds didn't wake him up in the morning" needs to improve which of the following aspects of delivery?

Articulation

Which of the following is predicted by uncertainty reduction theory?

As uncertainty decreases, liking increases.

How can a teacher best assess whether her lesson had been fully understood by students?

Ask them to explain the lesson back to her.

Which of the following statements regarding eye contact is false?

Audience members are drawn into the presentation if the speaker makes repeated eye contact that lasts long enough to suggest emotional intimacy.

Four common leadership styles are:

Autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire, abdicratic

when is avoidance an appropriate strategy for a leader or member of business team?

B and C (When the individual has little influence or will likely be ignored, when more important things must be dealt with)

Which four of the following principles should a teacher follow when giving feedback on student speeches?

B. Be specific C. Be sensitive D. Be descriptive E. Be timely

Which of the following is an important point that teachers should convey to their students about the ethics surrounding blogging?

Bloggers are rarely held to the same editorial scrutiny as journalists.

A marketing group has assigned a team to a new ad campaign. The team is having their initial meeting. Someone suggests that everyone throw out as many ideas as possible without editing or suppressing any that may seem off the mark. Chaos erupts, yet by the end of the meeting the team has a clear idea of the direction they would like to go. This is called:

Brainstorming

David is preparing a speech about why Hollywood became the center of the motion picture industry and the impact that its development as the center had on filmmaking. David's speech should be organized using which of the following methods?

Cause-effect

An informative speech that explains the history of genetics would most likely follow which of the following methods of organization?

Chronological

What is the first step in the reflective thinking or standard agenda approach to group decision making?

Clarifying the issue or problem

Among the types of debate formats used in high school and college debates are:

Classical, extemporaneous, impromptu, moot court, and mock trial

Which of the following strategies for managing conflict within a group is a win/win?

Collaborate

Which of the following management strategies is designed to give a win-win solution?

Collaborating

In 1994 scholar Jean Baudrillard observed, "In a world where there is more and more information, there is less and less meaning." Baudrillard's critical view of advertising is most reflective of which of the following?

Commodification of communication

Which of the following statements is an accurate description of the process of communication?

Communication involves encoding and decoding messages.

Which of the following is most applicable to the communicative management of conflict in a business setting?

Conflict style theory by Putnam and Wilson

Which of the following terms refers to the implied meanings or connected associations of words in texts?

Connotation

Which of the following actions does the gatekeeper perform in a small group?

Controlling channels of communication and the flow of information

A detective and a therapist are working with a young child who was kidnapped to determine what occurred and in what order. They have provided stuffed animals, a toy car, some puppets, and various daily objects such as kitchen utensils, books, clothing, some toy buildings, etc. Following the child's lead, the detective "plays" with the child as she dramatically enacts her version of what happened. What theatrical element is being used?

Creative dramatics

Brainstorming is a technique developed by Alex Osborn that is designed to produce imaginative approaches to a specific problem. Which of the following is a basic rule inherent in the successful use of brainstorming?

Criticism of ideas is not allowed

The Telecommunications Act of 1996 allowed for an increase in which of the following?

Cross-ownership of media industries

Which of the following mass media theories explains why a person who watches a lot of reality television programs featuring the police and other law enforcement agents in the line of duty believes that crimes rates are higher than they actually are?

Cultivation analysis

"Excessive consumption of caffeine can lead to high blood pressure. Therefore, people seeking to improve their health whose caffeine exceeds a safe level should reduce their caffeine intake." The argument above illustrates which of the following?

Deductive reasoning

Cookie Baker is excited about her new job with the cookware company. She will appear at cooking shows, county fairs, exhibitions, and culinary schools to acquaint the audience with a new line of cookware. What type of speech should she employ?

Demonstration

Esteban has been asked to speak to a group of music students about his work as a professional musician. He wants to talk about his instrument, the bass, and how he must make adjustments for the various sound systems and acoustics he must deal with. What type of speech should he present?

Demonstration.

Research and experience have proven that abdicratic groups typically:

Disintegrate quickly

Mr. Diallo feels that his speech is going very well. His audience seems engrossed.; several have closed their eyes to concentrate, and a number of others are scribbling notes like crazy. A few are checking the conference materials. Mr. Diallo's audience is:

Disinterested in his position.

Which of the following is a speech competition event where a student portrays one or more characters in a serious situation or setting?

Dramatic interpretation

A teacher with an inattentive class can use which of the following dramatic techniques to gain their attention?

Drop a book or slam a drawer, lean forward on her desk, and speak slowly and deliberately in a low voice.

Formative assessment is also called:

Educative assessment

The theory concerned with the effect advertising and voter campaigns have on behavior is called:

Effects theory

What do microexpressions communicate?

Emotions that are being suppressed

Which of the following statements about the effects of the perception of space on communication behavior is accurate?

Environmental qualities can affect how people send and interpret messages.

Compared to recorded history, is oral history more or less accurate?

Equally accurate in its own way

What are the drawbacks of compromise?

Essential principles and goals can get lost.

In the introduction to his persuasive speech on the advantages of becoming an avid gardener, John tells his audience that he is a strict vegetarian. Which of the following functions does the statement serve?

Establishing credibility

A teacher presents a new concept that her students find hard to believe. When they question her, she is able to persuade them by citing her status as a former state teacher of the year. Which of the following persuasion techniques has the teacher used?

Ethos

Which of the following best describes what a teacher should do with a completed unit plan?

Evaluate the unit plan and the associated lessons, adjust items that need modification, and file the plan away so it is available for use when the course is taught in the future

Which of the following uses the bandwagon advertising technique?

Everybody eats at Joe's.

Which of the following describes a prepared speech for which the speaker uses brief notes?

Extemporaneous

The week-long National Speech and debate tournament offers Supplemental Events in which of the following categories?

Extemporaneous Commentary, Expository Speaking, Prose Interpretation, Poetic Interpretation

A civic group wants to convert a vacant lot into something useful for the community and begins the process by asking who owns the land. Verifying the ownership of the land involves which of the following types of question?

Fact

A student who experiences communication apprehension could benefit from using which of the following techniques?

Focusing attention on the audience and away from self to channel nervous energy

Informing, expressing, imagining, ritualizing, and persuading are competencies indicative of which of the following approaches to communication curriculum design?

Functional

Yi's grandmother turns 90 this year. Yi has been asked to give a speech in her grandmother's honor. The grandmothers 9 living children, 32 grandchildren, and 57 great-grandchildren will be present, as well as family friends, neighbors, and members of the press. What should Yi include in her toast?

Funny and moving anecdotes about her grandmother and various members of the audience

Understood cultural "rules" regarding acceptable modes of expression that men and women share, those that are appropriate for men only, and those that are appropriate for women only are called:

Gender display rules

Which of the following is the best guideline for using gestures effectively?

Gestures should be appropriate to the verbal context of the speech.

In small-group decision making, which of the following is unique to the nominal group technique?

Group members do not talk and sometimes do not even meet.

To determine whether groupthink is taking place, group leaders should watch for which of the following symptoms?

Group rationalizing ("We know there are problems, but it's all good.")

Another word for "tragic flaw" is

Hamartia

A teacher has an English language learner in her speech class. His English is excellent, but his accent is pronounced. When he presents his class project, a speech about folk tales from his native country, the class is confused. It is difficult to understand what he is saying. This is probably because:

He is stressing words incorrectly.

Which of the following quadrants from the Johari window would be the largest for a person who keeps to herself and does not disclose much information to others?

Hidden

Which of the following most accurately describes the research on self-monitoring in interpersonal communication?

High self-monitors are more motivated than low self-monitors to manage conversation.

Which of the following statements about discussions held to resolve an issue is/are true?

III and IV (Individuals with greater knowledge should contribute more., Individuals with greater knowledge should not be resented.)

Which of the following is true of a debate coach?

III, IV, VI (A debate coach nurtures and develops mental skills, A debate coach questions and responds instead of leading and ordering, A debate coach wears many hats; she raises money, reads arguments, and does administrative paperwork)

What strategies might be useful for a leader who wants to introduce a change in a company's culture?

III, IV, VI (Create a vision, ensure senior management members show enthusiasm., Have senior management members change their behaviors to align with new ideals, modify the structure of the organization to facilitate the changes., Remove employees who don't fit the new ideal; integrate new hires into the company's culture.

Which of the following is true about an informational speech?

III. (Non-verbal communication should be incorporated)

What is involved in language comprehension?

Identifying word units, knowing their meanings, understanding their syntactical use, processing abstractions, interpreting meaning

A speech that is brief and is delivered off the cuff is most likely which of the following types of speech?

Impromptu

The purposes of oratory are to:

Inform, entertain, influence

Harrison Whitlock is writing a speech. He has researched the topic thoroughly and has a number of facts and statistics to include. He has completed an opening, outlined the purpose, and is in the process of collecting points to support his position. He will finish with a strong conclusion. This type of speech is a(n) _______ Speech.

Informational.

Some types of new media that scholars are turning their analytical eyes to include:

Internet, mobile phones, video games

Zach prepares to give his final exam speech in class by telling himself, "You can do this." This self-talk is best described by which type of communication?

Intrapersonal

Metaphor, a rhetorical device, is used in oratory to:

Introduce a new idea, via a familiar one

Performance based assessment:

Is based upon real-life tasks

Which of the following best describes a speech delivered by a demagogue?

It attempts to win over an audience by appealing to prejudice

Which of the following is true about the laissez-faire group leadership style?

It avoids involvement in decision making.

One form of interpersonal communication common to businesses is gossip. The negative aspects of gossip are widely recognized. It causes hurt feelings, destroys self-confidence, and can be cruel. In what way might gossip be considered a useful form of interpersonal business communication from a manager's perspective?

It can be used to share unofficial information quickly.

In the event of technology failure with a computer or projector, the speaker should:

It depends upon the subject and the audience.

Many researchers have studied the role of mass media in the development of social capital, or the relative richness of social relationships in a community. Generally speaking, this research argues which of the following about television viewing among citizens?

It detracts from social capital by reducing face-to-face interaction.

Extemporaneously presenting a speech might be done because:

It heightens the sense of immediacy and originality.

Critical scholars have written extensively about the ownership of news media organizations, noting that the number of individuals and groups that own media companies has shrunk in recent years. Which of the following is the best argument critics have made to identify the effect of such limited ownership?

It results in narrower ideological perspectives.

Which of the following most accurately describes the research on the relationship between viewing violence on television and engaging in violent behavior?

It shows a significant relationship between the two but explains no more than a small amount of violent behavior.

How should statistics, numbers, and percentages be used in a speech?

Judiciously and carefully; too many may confuse audience members.

Which of the following terms refers to a public speaker's use of bodily action?

Kinesics

In a public speaking class, the teacher writes the terms "logos," "pathos," and "ethos" on the board and asks the students what they mean. After the students define and discuss the terms, the teacher tells them there will be a quiz on the terms the next time the class meets. The quiz will ask students to demonstrate which of the following levels from Bloom's taxonomy?

Knowledge level

Which three components does the Spitzberg & Cupach component model of communication competence include?

Knowledge, skill, motivation

A debate in which the affirmative constructive is six minutes long and the negative constructive is seven minutes long is following which of the following formats?

Lincoln-Douglas

When listening to a speech, a student tries to determine whether information is true, reliable, and useful. Which listening goal is best illustrated by the student?

Listening to evaluate

To present a film character as larger-than-life, which of the following techniques for filming the actor is most appropriate?

Locating the camera below the actor

Lincoln-Douglas debate format emphasizes:

Logical thought, ethics, and philosophical point of view

Which of the following is the best guideline for effective vocal delivery?

Maintain adequate volume.

Which of the following items is the most important thing a speaker must do when giving an informational speech?

Maintain interest

Which of the following statements about the spiral of silence is false?

Mass media has little effect on the spiral.

According to the two-step flow of communication model, ideas initially flow from ________ to ________.

Mass media, opinion leaders

Sub vocalization is:

Mentally "spoken" words when reading

Within an office or organization, interpersonal communication, can be seen as vertical or horizontal. The term vertical communication refers to communication that involves:

Messages that move from the top down and from the bottom up

The history club has decided to do a reader's theater of an obscure 18th century British play they have come across. Which of the following best describes their production?

Minimal or no costumes; minimal or no staging; actors read from scripts

Which of the following is more likely to be emphasized in Readers Theater than in traditional drama?

Narration

In educational theater, directors often ignore general casting guidelines used in professional and amateur theaters. This gives students opportunities to play any roles available in productions, ignoring factors such as age, race, or body type. Which of the following most accurately describes this practice?

Nontraditional casting

Which of the following statements best describes a difference between verbal and nonverbal communication?

Nonverbal communication is multichanneled, whereas verbal communication tends to take place in a single channel.

A study group facilitator has one member who dominates the conversation and one member who is unwilling to participate at all. What is the best course of action?

Nonverbally communicate to both members.

One way in which objective assessment differs from subjective assessment is:

Objective assessment has only one right answer; subjective assessment does not.

Is it better to assign a topic that is extremely specific or one that is open to interpretation, and why?

Open to interpretation, so students can bring their own experiences into play.

In communications to a large audience, how do the written style and oral style of language differ?

Oral style is more personal than written style.

To create cadence, a student speaker said, "We must care. We must act. We must help our fellow brothers and sisters." The student best illustrated which of the following structures of language?

Parallelism

The best way to emphasize an important point in a public presentation is:

Pause for a long moment before delivering the point.

Speaking extemporaneously involves:

Pausing to gather thoughts before speaking

Which of the following guidelines best maximizes the constructiveness of peer feedback after student speeches?

Peers should give feedback aligned with course goals and standards.

According to Edward T. Hall's theory of proxemics, which of the following accurately describes the appropriate distance to position oneself during conversations with friends?

Personal distance

An original oratory is generally considered to be which of the following types of speeches?

Persuasive

In terms of teaching, moral motivation means:

Placing moral values above personal values

Which of the following are political actors?

Politicians, strategists, interest groups, and the media

In television, situation comedies, thin female actors are more often _________ by male characters, while heavy female actors are more often _________.

Praised; insulted

_______ describes an individual who is focused on a medium's message. _______ describes an individual who is absorbing the message while doing something else. _______ describes an individual focused on another task while a medium is delivering a message.

Primary involvement, secondary involvement, tertiary involvement

A teacher is composing a test. Half of the questions involve discrete point items, which are:

Questions that focus on one point only.

A teacher and her class are retelling the classic fairy tale "The Three Billy Goats Gruff." The students chose to read the story aloud, each taking a specific part or character, dressing in black shirts and pants, and reading from seated positions on stools. Which of the following performance forms is the class using?

Readers Theater

James avoids joining groups because he is afraid that he will misinterpret what others want of him, that he will not be able to fully understand what others expect of him, and that he will not be able to adjust psychologically to what group members may tell him. Which of the following communication traits best describes James?

Receiver apprehension

Which of the following terms best describes statements between partners in a relationship such as "When I'm with you, I feel relaxed and happy" and "I'm the person who makes decisions in this relationship"?

Relational Messages

Which type of nonverbal message deals with belonging, control, respect, or disapproval?

Relational messages

A downward eye gaze by individuals of Asian and African descent typically signifies which of the following when communicating with European Americans?

Respect

Which of the following behavior clusters are found in people with a high degree of interpersonal competence?

Self-aware, maintains healthy relationships, uses positivity to resolve disagreements

Two people on a first date are taking turns telling one another about themselves. They are communicating their histories, their aspirations, and details about their daily lives. This is an act of:

Self-disclosure

At student council meetings, Tim makes outrageous claims, abruptly changes topics to items that interest him, makes long, boring speeches, and dresses in ways that do not fit with the typical clothing of others. Tim would be considered low in which of the following communication traits?

Self-monitoring

Which of the following series list the elements of effective communication?

Sender, receiver, message, channel, feedback

Which of the following acts of self-disclosure is most revealing?

Sharing details about current events that are emotionally laden

Public speakers want to give speeches that make their audience pay attention, but they also want to give speeches whose messages are meaningful enough to remain in audience members minds. This can best be accomplished with:

Simple language stories

Which of the following statements best explains the role of interpersonal communication in the development of the self-concept?

Social interactions influence the way one sees him or herself.

Which of the following theories argues that individuals learn to be masculine or feminine (among other things) through communication and observation?

Social learning theory

Which of the following is a principle actors follow?

Speak your lines to someone rather than to yourself.

One mass media communication theory holds that when an individual believes her position on a particular topic is not in alignment with that of most others, she will not speak up. This theory is called:

Spiral of Silence

Experts on conflict believe that conflict is best resolved when people create a supportive environment. Which of the following behaviors is most likely to create a supportive environment?

Spontaneity

A speaker addressing a hostile audience can be most persuasive by using which of the following?

Statistics

Synecdoche is:

Substituting the part for the whole

Which of the following situations might affect someone's self-concept?

Successfully teaching someone a skill you know well

Which of the following activities can enhance listening skills?

Taking notes

initiator contributor, information seeker, opinion seeker, elaborator, coordinator, evaluator-critic, energizer, and procedural-technician are all examples of:

Task oriented group roles

When researching material for a speech about viruses, which of the following sources should be consulted to get the most current and reliable research?

The Centers for Disease Control official website

Health experts sometimes use fearful messages to communicate with teens about the hazards of certain negative behaviors. Which of the following is the effect of the message when teens decide to act on the negative instead of the positive?

The boomerang effect

In what way is a lucid dream interpersonal communication?

The dreamer, in the midst of dreaming, is signaling herself that she is asleep and dreaming

Which of the following is true of most elite press?

The elite press influences public policy by drawing attention to certain issues.

According to Marshall McLuhan, the medium is the message. This means:

The medium in which the message appears affects how the message is read.

According to mean world syndrome, which of the following is true?

The overrepresentation of violent behavior and crime on television shapes a heavy viewer's perception of the world.

The culturalist theory developed in the early 1990's holds that:

The public uses mass media messages to interpret their own meanings

Which of the following defines a share in radio?

The ratio of listeners to a particular station to the total number of radio listeners in the market

An identity crisis arises when:

The sense of a unified self through time is challenged.

Which of the following is the best practice for administering an exam?

The teacher should ensure that the physical setting is quiet, well lit, and not crowded.

Which of the following is most important in planning and developing curriculum?

The teacher should follow standards adopted by the district and state.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of a constructed-response test?

The test is difficult to score objectively.

Which of the following is not an effect of media?

There is a heightened sense of personal responsibility for opinions.

Which of the following is true of Lincoln-Douglas debates?

They are debates between two individuals

The company Mr. Gibbons works for hopes to make connections with another company in Japan. Because Mr. Gibbons is funny, uses body language dramatically, and isn't the least bit shy, he has been chosen to introduce his companies recent work in a brief after-dinner speech in Tokyo. While delivering his speech, he is horrified to discover that many of the audience members are nodding with their eyes closed. What is going on?

They are listening intently.

Which of the following best describes androgynous individuals?

They exhibit qualities associated with both masculinity and femininity.

Which of the following types of narrators is not one of the major characters but sees an action the same way as the major characters do?

Third-person limited

When should audience-centered speakers consider the audience?

Throughout the entire process of speech preparation and delivery

A speech reviewing the history of nuclear energy production in the United States is most likely to be given for which of the following purposes?

To inform

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the National Communication Association's "K-12 Speaking, Listening, and Media Literacy Standards and Competency Statements"?

To provide direction for curriculum development for those teaching communication from kindergarten through twelfth grade

Within a classroom setting, the reason for a debate is:

To teach students to research, collaborate, argue, and listen

For a speech about rock music, a speaker has decided to organize content by using two main points. The first main point is about hard rock, and the second main point is about soft rock. What organizational strategy has the speaker chosen?

Topical

In policy debate, if the negative team argues that the affirmative team's plan does not fit within the resolution, the negative team is using which of the following debate arguments?

Topicality

Which of the following is an example of mindful listening?

Trying to understand fully what another person is expressing, without imposing one's own thoughts and feelings

If a director asks an actor to open up, which of the following does the director want the actor to do?

Turn his or her body to face the audience more directly

The exercise called repetition used by Meisner in his acting training involves:

Two actors repeating the same phrase back and forth repeatedly

Nervousness can make inexperienced public speakers stammer, speak in monotone neglect gestures or overuse them, to talk to much or too little. Experienced public speakers:

Use skills and techniques to manage nervousness

When assessing student speeches, instructors should take extra efforts to guard against which of the following assessment problems?

Using random performance criteria

Which of the following is the most compelling advantage of John Dewey's approach to reflective thinking?

Using the method, one can test potential solutions and show them to work in practice.

Which of the following would most assist a new teacher in developing the ability to grade student speeches?

Viewing videos of student speeches with veteran speech teachers

Anika considers herself a very talented athlete. After a game, Anika's coach praises her performance. However, Anika overhears some of her teammates say she is not very talented. Which of the following explains how most people would likely respond to the feedback received from the two sources?

We attend to feedback that is consistent with our own perception of identity.

Which of the following is the least credible source for an extemporaneous speech?

Wikipedia

In theater, a Fresnel is

a lighting instrument that uses a particular type of lens

When authorities claim that communication competence is situational, they mean that

a speaker can be very good at one form of speaking, such as leading a meeting, but not good at making an argument

A three-part argument consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion is called

a syllogism

An oral-interpretation section that is performed before the introduction of a text — often used for establishing the mood of a selection or for capturing the attention of the audience — is called

a teaser

Group discussions can often be dominated by one participant who speaks excessively. To facilitate discussion in such a situation, the most effective strategy is for the leader to

acknowledge the speaker's point of view and ask for other opinions from the group

Conflicts that arise from relationships, roles, or personal goals are categorized as

affective

Research on the implications of argumentativeness for interpersonal relationships is most accurately characterized as indicating that people who are high in argumentativeness

are perceived as more competent and likable

When a speaker slurs or mumbles, omits sounds or syllables from words, or adds sounds to words where they do not belong, the speaker is making errors that are related to

articulation

When a group is faced with a problem requiring immediate action, the most effective leadership style is

authoritarian

Acculturation refers to the process whereby individuals

become socialized into a culture

To develop a strong vocal production, it is first necessary to control

breathing

In parliamentary procedure, to "call for the question" means to

call for an end of discussion and to vote

According to Aristotle, tragedy is supposed to produce an emotional cleansing called

catharsis

Groups that are characterized by frequent interaction and positive reinforcement are best described as

cohesive

One positive outcome of disagreement during small-group problem solving is that

creative tension produces a better decision

In social exchange theory, the comparison level of alternatives (CLalt) refers to assessment of

current relationships as compared with realistic chances for other relationships

Audience factors such as age, gender, and ethnicity are referred to as

demographics

In a theatrical production, the person referred to as the audience of one is the

director

Including a quote from a noted biologist in a speech about stem cell research would be an example of

ethos

Compared to norm-referenced evaluation, criterion-referenced evaluation is preferred because the latter

gives all students the opportunity of earning a high grade (or failing to do so)

Norms for behavior in a small group can be determined by

inferring them from members' customary behavior

A speech that relates the events leading up to the Boston Tea Party would be classified as what type of speech?

informative

Group members' behaviors both affect and are affected by themselves, each other, and their environment. This is called

interdependence

A group of very close church members are interviewing ministers. They share the same values and ideals, and are certain the community trusts them absolutely and believes they would never make a bad decision. The group's leader is very strong-willed and capable. This group:

is vulnerable to groupthink

Imagery that appeals to the motor sense, specifically to the tensing and relaxing of muscles, is referred to as

kinesthetic

Americans are often described as being direct and outspoken. This is consistent with a

low-context culture

The validity of a test is the degree to which the test's questions

measure student-learning concepts in the test

Describing relationships as "stormy," "battlegrounds," or "prisons" exemplifies the use of relational

metaphors

In debate, a prima facie case is one that

minimally meets the affirmative side's unattached burden of proof

Within the communication process, the component that causes the most breakdowns is

noise

At a forensics tournament, the term "double entry" means

participating in two events

The purpose of a eulogy is to

pay tribute to someone who has died

A speaker appealed to an audience of unemployed workers to support a fund drive for a community landscaping project. According to Maslow's hierarchy of human needs, such an appeal would be likely to fail because

physiological and safety needs must be met first

Speakers must address the issues of need, plan, and practicality when analyzing questions of

policy

In policy debate, the belief that the status quo is adequate unless the affirmative team proves that a change is necessary is called

presumption

If group members are arguing about a point that has been discussed previously, the most effective way for a leader to handle the situation would be to

remind the group of the previous discussion and review the facts and reasons already mentioned

A good storyteller relates a story using:

sensory images

When members join an existing group, they have to learn about the group's expectations, roles, culture, and manner of working together. The process described is referred to as

socialization

Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann developed the spiral of silence theory to explain the reactions of various groups to communication about social issues. The theory holds that

society threatens minority view holders with isolation, motivating them to avoid sharing their opinions

After a script has been written, plans for a film or television production are usually developed through the use of

storyboards

During a lecture a teacher notices a student talking with another student. The teacher pauses, turns toward the students, lowers his reading glasses, narrows his brow, and squints. After holding the expression for a moment, the teacher returns his gaze to the class and continues to lecture. The teacher's expression is an example of

substituting

In oral interpretation, a slow tempo to suggest a serious idea may be created with

sustained vowel or certain other sounds such as "m" or "ng"

A group using the program evaluation and review technique PERT will

systematically implement a decision by determining steps and establishing a time for each step

It is a generally accepted principle of oral interpretation that the reader must be true to

the author

George Gerbner is known for developing cultivation analysis theory, which seeks to explain

the effects of long-term media consumption on individuals' beliefs about the world

When a nonverbal cue contradicts an accompanying verbal message, people normally believe

the nonverbal cue

The communication process of decoding refers to

the receiver's interpretation of the sender's message

According to the diffusion theory, opinion leaders are

very likely to make themselves available to the media