PRAXIS 5354 1/10

What is the difference between an IEP and IFSP?

An IEP is student centered and an IFSP is family centered

A general education teacher and special education teacher planning and delivering instruction together in an inclusive classroom

Co-Teaching

Students who may need special education are given formal assessments after what?

Referral

· Arranged for students who have temporarily fallen behind in their studies · Designed to close the gap between what a student knows and what they are expected to know

Remedial Instruction

What are the six types of cognitive understanding?

Remember Understand Apply Analyze Evaluate Create

What do the stanine scores mean?

1 - 2 - 3 - below average 4 - slightly below average 5 - mean 6 - slightly above average 7 - considerably above average 8 - superior 9 - very superior

What year was EHA renamed IDEA?

1990

A student should be placed in a remedial math class with a stanine of what?

3 - below average

Which of the following traits would be most associated with a high level of spatial intelligence?

A student who is artistic and/or creative

An assessment, curriculum guide, and tracking program for children with language delays

ABLL - Assessment of Basic Language and Learning

· Designed for students with cognitive deficits who require functional academics in a structured, consistent, small group setting combined with self-help, social skills, communication and motor development, in order to progress. The certified special education teacher teaches an alternate curriculum providing access to enrolled grade level instruction that is vertically aligned and combined with life skills to meet students' individual needs

ALE - Alternative/Applied Learning Environment

Changes how a student learns the material · Audiobooks, extra time, test read aloud

Accommodations

· When the student gets to do an activity · E.g. watch tv, play a game, draw

Activity Reinforcement

Ms. Franklin has been monitoring the progress of her SDC students' reading levels on a monthly basis. After being in school for almost 5 months she noticed that one of her students has not made any progress towards her goals. What steps should Ms. Franklin take?

Adjust her lessons to the students needs and monitor her progress every two weeks

Which of the following is an example of a modification to a math assignment?

Allowing the student to use an alternative math book

Ms. Anderson is a gen-ed teacher who co=eaches an EL Aclass with the special education teacher, Ms. Farber. The class mostly performs at grade level and is able to keep up with the lessons, but a small group of students struggles with basic literacy skills. Which co-teaching model would be most appropriate?

Alternative teaching -

· Detailed, narrative descriptions of an incident · Focused narrative accounts of a specific event

Anecdotal Records

Katie is frequently disruptive prior to each day's math lesson. From a behavior perspective, the math lesson appears to be the _____ to Katie's undesirable disruptive behavior

Antecedent

· A stimulus that cues a student to perform a learned behavior · Activity that immediately precedes a problem behavior

Antecedent

· Designed to assess what a person is capable of doing or to predict what a person is able to learn or do given the right education and instruction · Represents a person's level of competency to perform a certain type of task

Aptitude Tests

According to assertive discipline, what is the term for teachers who make clear expectations and have positive expectations?

Assertive

According to the assertive discipline model, what is the term for teachers who make clear expectations and have positive expectations

Assertive

What is the final component of an effective lesson plan?

Assessment

· Those who have ADD/ADHD fall under this description · Students who have difficulty paying attention

Attending Issues

A developmental disability that affects verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction is identified as which of the following?

Autism

·A plan that assists a member in building positive behaviors to replace or reduce a challenging/dangerous/undesirable behavior May include teaching, improved communication, increasing relationships, clinical interventions, etc. If not effective in increasing desired behavior, a behavior intervention plan including restrictive measures may be needed and added to a behavior support plan

BSP - Behavioral Support Plan

carefully observing current behaviors and then targeting specific ones for change. Use various techniques to increase positive or decrease negative behavior, and constantly collect data on success and failure

Behavioral Therapy

a learning theory that only focuses on objectively observable behaviors and discounts any independent activities of the mind. Behavior theorists define learning as nothing more than the acquisition of new behavior based on environmental conditions

Behaviorism

A hierarchy of educational objectives consisting of six types of cognitive understanding. Can be used as a framework for differentiating curriculum by asking questions and assigning activities that require students to demonstrate different types of learning

Bloom's Taxonomy Model

Ruled that state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka 1954

Specifically for students with deaf-blindness · Especially valuable for students with visual and/or hearing impairments because of subscales relating to visual, auditory, and tactile development · Observed in classroom settings with input from parents and others who know the student well · Comprehensive at earlier development levels · Numerous examples are helpful for interpreting behaviors and identifying skills · Small skill increments at earlier developmental levels makes it useful for slowly developing children · Many of the examples do not reflect current practice · Users may not observe some responses in the context of regular activities · Useful for children who are difficult to test · Informant/assessor must be very familiar with child and his/her behavior in a variety of settings.

Callier Asuza

1976 Students must take responsibility for their own behavior and choices The teacher guides the students through their choices and teaches them appropriate behavior There is no acceptable reason for misbehavior (biological-based behavioral disabilities excluded) "I will tolerate no students stopping me from teaching or other students from learning" Emphasizes the role of the teacher - the teacher is to be assertive and take full control of the classroom Implement specific behavior rules as well as positive and negative consequences which are known and understood by the students

Canter's Assertive Discipline Model

Which of the following behavior management models would be most appropriate for a 10th grade class for students who are diagnosed as emotionally disturbed

Canter's Assertive Discipline Model

· is a group of disorders that affect movement and muscle tone or posture. It's caused by damage that occurs to the immature brain as it develops, most often before birth. · impaired movement associated with abnormal reflexes, floppiness or rigidity of the limbs and trunk, abnormal posture, involuntary movements, unsteady walking, or some combination of these.

Cerebral palsy

What element of an effective lesson plan focuses on the teacher speaking clearly and directly to the point?

Clarity

· Another impairment (i.e. ADHD) on top of one that a student qualifies for IDEA services

Co-Curring Conditions

the goal of this is to alter behaviors by identifying destructive thought patterns and replacing them with positive cognitive thought patterns. These strategies aim to correct or remove cognitive distortions through applying logical and factual evidence. Goals are specified, decisions follow set patterns and there are standard measurements of progress. Cognitive behavioral interventions focus on problem-solving and accomplishing target task

Cognitive Behavioral Interventions

Groups of students working together to solve a problem, complete a task, or create a product

Collaborative Learning

· Visual organization and representation of knowledge · Displays concepts and ideas and the relationships among them

Concept Mapping

· The learner forms much of what he/she learns · Learning is an active, contextualized process of constructing knowledge rather an acquiring · Knowledge is constructd based on personal experiences and hypotheses of the environment · The learner is not a blank slate but brings past experiences and cultural factors to a situation

Constructionism

Which learning model is closely associated with experimental learning and includes some of the ideas of Jean Piaget?

Constructionist learning

· A rare multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome characterized by auditory canal atresia (resulting in moderate conductive hearing loss) associated with intellectual disability, ventricular septal defect, umbilical hernia, anteriorly displaced anus, various skeletal anomalies (such as mild clubfoot, long fifth fingers, proximally placed thumbs), and craniofacial dysmorphism which includes brachycephaly, prominent forehead, flattened occiput, midface hypoplasia, anteverted nares, and low set, posteriorly rotated ears with overlapping superior helix.

Cooper Jabs Syndrome

· A successful teaching strategy in which small teams, each with students of different levels of ability, use a variety of learning activities to improve their understanding of a subject · Each member of a team is responsible not only for learning what is taught but also for helping teammates learn, thus creating an atmosphere of achievement · Results include improved academic achievement, improved behavior and attendance, increased self-confidence and motivation, and increased liking of school and classmates. · Cooperative learning is also relatively easy to implement and is inexpensive.

Cooperative Learning

· Used to document the amount of time a student spends engaging in behavior · A behavior that has a clear beginning and ending may be observed using this method

Duration Recording

The Socratic Method engages the student in which learning style?

Discovery learning by using inquiry teaching, active dialogue, and self-discovery

breaks skills or behaviors down into tiny pieces, making a child's success with each piece more likely. It is often used when a therapist wants to teach a new skill or behavior, or encourage one that does not happen very often.

Discrete Trial Training

· A form of preassessment that allows a teacher to determine students' individual strengths, weaknesses, knowledge, and skills prior to instruction · Used to diagnose student difficulties and to guide lesson and curriculum planning · Allows teachers to plan meaningful and efficient instruction · Provides information to individualize instruction · Creates a baseline for assessing future learning

Diagnostic Assessment

· A reading practice using picture books to enhance and improve literacy and language skills · The child becomes the storyteller and the adult becomes the listener, questioner, and audience

Dialogic Reading

· A philosophy and guidelines for practice based on the belief that the learning environments, teaching practices, and other components of programs that serve young children should be based on educators' typical expectations and children's experiences for children of different ages and developmental stages

DAP - Developmentally Appropriate Practice

The needs of the students in the area of cognition, physical activity, emotional growth and social adjustments may be taken into account in the creation of what?

DAP - developmentally appropriate practice

You as the special education teacher, understands the philosophical, historical, and legal foundations of special education. You need to analyze issues related to __________

Definition and identification procedures for individuals with disabilities

What are some examples of teachaer-directed learning activities?

Demonstration, guided practice, whole group discussion

According to FBA, which of the following is the third step of promoting proper behavior in students?

Develop a hypothesis as to the purpose of the behavior

· difficulty in learning or comprehending arithmetic, such as difficulty in understanding numbers, learning how to manipulate numbers, performing mathematical calculations and learning facts in mathematics.

Dyscalculia

· A learning disability that affects writing abilities · Poor handwriting, difficulty with spelling, and trouble putting thoughts on paper · Poor sequencing and spatial-orientation

Dysgraphia

A reading teacher observes that a high functioning student cannot break words into phonemes. What is the likely reason?

Dyslexia

A learning disability that causes chronic issues with spelling and/or writing. · Challenges in grammar and speed and accuracy in writing and spelling

Dysorthographia

· Required all public schools accepting federal funds to provide equal access to education for children with physical and mental disabilities · Required to evaluate children with disabilities and create an educational plan with parent input that would emulate as closely as possible the educational experience of non-disabled students

Education for All Handicapped Children Act (PL 94-142) 1975

· a genetic condition that causes a range of developmental problems including learning disabilities and cognitive impairment · Usually, males are more severely affected by this disorder than females. · Caused by a mutation in the FMR1 gene · Delayed development of speech and language · Intellectual disabilities · Anxiety, hyperactive behavior, and/or ADD · Long and narrow face, large ears, prominent jaw and forehead, unsually flexible fingers, flat feet, and enlarged testicles

Fragile X syndrome

Observer records the number of times a certain behavior occurs

Event Sampling

Ms. Tammy teaches at a school that sends home progress reports ever 6 weeks. How often should Ms. Tammy update the parents of the students on her caseload?

Every 6 weeks

· The verbal methods in which some authority or expert presents information without overt interaction between the expert and the learners · E.g. video, textbook reading

Exposition

· Things that motivate you in hopes of earning a reward or avoiding a less-than-positive outcome · E.g. cleaning for a piece of candy

Extrinsic Motivational Factors

· Term that covers a range of grouping for students for delivering instruction · Includes whole class, small group, partner, and more

Flexible Grouping

· Placement of students of similar abilities into one group · Often refers to students with disabilities who may not be able to participate in general education programs at all · Students may feel ostracized or stigmatized as a result of their placement · More advantageous for those in gifted programs

Formal Homogenous Groups

What determines IEP success?

Formal evaluations

· Variety of methods that teachers use to conduct in-process evaluations of student comprehension, learning needs, and academic progress during a lesson, unit, or course · Help teachers identify concepts students are struggling to understand, skills they are having difficulty acquiring, or learning standards they have not yet achieved so that adjustments can be made to lessons, instructional techniques, and academic support · Goal is to collect detailed information that can be used to improve instruction and student learning while it is happening · Integrated into the learning and teaching process

Formative Assessment

· Skills which significantly affect quality of life in the community · May be referred to as life skills · Require the student to take into consideration another's perspective, to be self-reflective, to incorporate past experiences into current situations, and to make judgements based not only on past experiences but also on the particular events occurring in the moment · Critical to help students reach their potential as active participants in home, school, and community environments · Instruction given in: personal care skills, domestic skills, recreational skills, community safety skills, employment skills, behavior management and social skills, modified/functional academics

Functional Curriculum

· The ability to use skills that a student has learned in new and different environments/multiple settings

Generalization

Karen is typically loud, out of her seat, stirs up issues, blurts out answers, asks silly questions, and is the last one ready for any kind of instruction. What are some ways a student could deal with her?

Give her a responsibility that the class covets create a leadership role model the behavior you want to see

This model is founded on the principles of choice theory. It says that all we do is behave, all behavior is chosen, and we are driven by our genes to satisfy five basic needs. When someone chooses to change their own behavior rather than attempting to change someone else's they will be more successful at attaining their own goals and desires

Glasser's Reality Model

The factor that contributes most is the quality of the teacher-student relationship Teacher-student relationships are more important than what the teacher is teaching or who the teacher is trying to teach

Gordon's Teacher-Effectiveness Training

Wendy is a 7th grade student with down syndrome in an inclusion math class. she is low performing in math and is struggling in her homogeneous group. What step may be best to help Wendy improve in her math class?

Grouping her with higher performing students

Caroline is a 4 year old pre-k student with mild autism. Which of the following strategies will most benefit her ability to learn reading skills?

Having Caroline follow along in a book while listening to an audio recording

An early childhood teacher wants to support Susie, a student with cognitive impairment, to become more independent in managing schoolwork. Which of the following would be the most effective first step for this goal?

Having a check off list to document completed assignments

What trait is more common in special education learners as opposed to generally education learners?

High frustration level

· Distinguishes critical thinking skills from low-order learning outcomes such as those attained by rote memorization · Require understanding and applying knowledge · Analysis, Synthesis, Evaluation

Higher Order Thinking Skills

the 1975 Education for all Handicapped Children Act, which required all public schools that received federal funding to provide equal opportunities for education to disabled children was eventually renamed what?

IDEA in 1990

· A written treatment plan that maps out the early intervention (EI) services your child will receive, as well as how and when these services will be administered. · Takes a family-based approach to services, due to the central concept that supporting a child's family lends itself to supporting the child. · Developed by the family members · Evaluated once a year · Reviewed at 6-month intervals

IFSP

· Assess whether there is a significant difference between a sudents scores on a test of general intelligence (e.g. an IQ test such as the WISC-IV) and scores obtained on an achievement test (Woodcock Johnson Achievement Test). · Approach traditionally used to identify children with learning disabilities · If a student's score on the IQ test is at least two standard deviations (30 points) higher than his or her scores on an achievement test, · the student is described as having a significant discrepancy between IQ and achievement and, therefore, as having a learning disability. · If a student's score on the IQ test is at least two standard deviations (30 points) higher than his or her scores on an achievement test, · the student is described as having a significant discrepancy between IQ and achievement and, therefore, as having a learning disability. · This method does not allow schools to identify children as having learning disabilities while they are still in the primary grades · The information gathered from the IQ and achievement assessments does not indicate each student's specific learning needs · Can create inequitable treatment for students · Relatively easy to employ · Teacher does not have to spend a great amount of time in the identification process because a certified diagnostician or school psychologist conducts the IQ and achievement tests · Identification procedure only requires a one-time assessment.

IQ Achievement Discrepancy Model

Functional Behavior Assessment

Identify the problem Measure the problem behavior Develop a hypothesis as to the purpose of the behavior Choose an appropriate replacement behavior Identify the current stage of learning Determine the level of support Track the new behavior Fade assessment

What is the IQ-Achievement Discrepancy (Discrepancy Model) used to assess?

If a student has a specific learning disability

· Not data driven, rather content and performance driven · Provide useful information on a regular basis that can help teachers to identify the individual strengths and weaknesses of each student and guide the next step in instruction

Informal Assessment

· Understanding and relating to other people · Assess the emotions, motivations, desires, and intentions of those around them · Nonverbal communication · See situations from different perspectives · Create positive relationships with other · Resolve conflicts in groups

Interpersonal Intelligence

Introspection and self-reflection · Aware of their own emotional states, feelings, and motivations · Enjoy self-reflection and analysis, including daydreaming, exploring relationships with others, and assessing their personal strengths · Analyze theories and ideas · Self-awareness · Understand the basis for their own motivations and feelings

Intrapersonal Intelligence

· Characterized by pernicious anemia and neurological abnormalities · Failure to thrive and symptoms related to anemia - fatigue, pale skin · Abnormal metabolism · Abnormal immune system · Absence of intrinsic factor · Autosomal recessive inheritance · Increased mean corpuscular volume · Intestinal malabsorption · Sensory impairment

Intrinsic Syndrome

What was one of the results of the Land Ordinance of 1785?

It helped to consolidate schools and made education compulsory.

Blake is a student with attending issues. would allowing him to read aloud help?

It would not helping with attending, maybe with reading

Who designed the SETT framework? What does SETT mean?

Joy Zabala - Students, environment, tasks, and tools

Which disorder resulting from an extra X chromosome is characterized by extreme height and underdeveloped genitals?

Klinefelter's syndrome

what is open learning? Who is behind the creation of it?

Learning where there is not a particular result the students have to achieve. Celestin Freinet and Maria Montesorri

What is LRE?

Least Restrictive Environment - children with disabilities must be educated to as great an extent as possible with children without disabilities

· Strengths: words, language, and writing · Use words well, both in writing and in speech · Remembering written and spoken information · Reading and writing · Debating or giving persuasive speeches · Explaining · Humor

Linguistic Intelligence

· Analyzing problems and mathematical operations · Good at reasoning, recognizing patterns, and logically analyzing problems · Think conceptually about numbers, relationships, and patterns · Excellent problem-solving skills · Enjoy thinking about abstract ideas · Conduct scientific experiments · Solve complex computations

Logical-Mathematical Intelligence

Marcia Scherer and Gerald Craddock Selecting the assistive, educational, workplace, and general technologies most appropriate for an individual

MPT - Matching Person and Technology

Matching Persons and Technology was created by who?

Maria Scherer and Gerald Craddock

· Use of written prompts or cues to help the students perform a task or use a strategy · May include cue sheets or guided examples that list the steps necessary to perform a task · Used as a reference to reduce confusion and frustration · Should be phased out over time as students master the steps of the task or strategy

Material Scaffolding

· The first assessment tool to be developed as an alternative to the better known Wechsler scales and the Stanford-Binet · Psychological test · Scores stated as strengths and weaknesses · "fun" - xylophone playing, hopping, memory games

McCarthy Scale of Children's Abilities

· A mental health professional who assists families and individuals in a health care setting · Lead support group discussions, provide individual counseling, help patients determine appropriate health care and other services, and provide support to patients with serious or chronic illnesses

Medical Social Worker

When a student is taking medication for a disability, what should a teacher keep in mind?

Medication is one of many supports a student needs, do not neglect the other areas Meducation is only intended to have specific benegts, the teacher must understand what benefits cannot be expected from the medication monitor changes in performance and functioning that may be medication-related

· Grouping together students of different abilities · Promotes helping behavior in a group · Encourages interaction and friendship among diverse students at the classroom, school, and group level

Mixed-Level Base Groups

Students who struggle with retaining information would most benefit from what strategy?

Mnemonic devices

Changes what a student is taught or expected to learn · Shorter/different assignments

Modification

Which of the following would be the most appropriate way to monitor student progress towards the goal of writing a five sentence paragraph?

Monitoring the students' progress every 6 weeks

· Method of education that is based on self-directed activity, hands-on learning, and collaborative play · Children make creative choices in their learning while teachers offer age-appropriate activities to guide the process · Children work in groups and individually to discover and explore knowledge of the world and to develop their maximum potential

Montessori Style Learning

· Each person has different ways of learning and different intelligences they use in their daily lives · Howard Gardner

Multiple Intelligences

a chronic, typically progressive disease involving damage to the sheaths of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, whose symptoms may include numbness, impairment of speech and of muscular coordination, blurred vision, and severe fatigue.

Multiple Sclerosis

What do teachers need to recognize and include in their lesson plans when teaching at-risk students?

Multiple intelligences

The expression of an idea in a way that goes beyond the use of words: diagrams, pictures, graphic organizers, 3D models, movement, demonstrations, role-plays, simulations, or mental images

Nonlinguistic Representation

What is one of the major drawbacks of the Callier Asuza test?

Not as much descriptive or diagnostic results as the other tests

Services provided by a qualified professional include: improving, developing, or restoring functions impaired or lost through illness, injury, or deprivation; improving ability to perform tasks for independent functioning if functions are impaired or lost; and preventing, through early intervention, initial or further impairment or loss of function · Focused on children's participation in activities, especially those related to self-help, employment, recreation, communication, and aspects of daily living (e.g. dressing, eating, personal hygiene)

OT - Occupation Therapy/Therapist

A test that has firm right or wrong answers and so can be marked objectively

Objective Style Test

One teacher instructs the whole class while the other circulates to collect information on student performance to offer help. This arrangement takes advantage of the expertise of one teacher in a specific subject area

One Teaching One Helping

A projector that displays images on a screen by reflecting light from opaque objects

Opaque Projector

· Celestin Freinet and Maria Montessori · Activities that enhance learning opportunities within formal education systems or broaden learning opportunities beyond formal education systems · Supposed to allow students self-determined, independent, and interest-guided learning

Open Learning

Services provided to blind or visually impaired children by qualified personnel to obtain systematic orientation to and safe movement within their environments in school, home, and community

Orientation Services

· Specially trained to work with medical supportive devices such as spinal or knee braces · Primary medical clinician responsible for the prescription, manufacture, and management of orthoses · An orthosis may be used to control, guide, limit, and/or immobilize an extremity, joint, or body segment

Orthotist

· project-based tasks that allow students to both develop and demonstrate skills as they problem-solve and apply learning to new situations · making models, conducting experiments, or engaging in debates · necessitate student utilization of higher-order thinking skills to create a product or complete a process · used in conjunction with selected response (i.e. multiple-choice, matching) or constructed response assessments in a balanced assessment approach

PBA - Performance Based Assessments

· Focus on the development and maintenance of motor skills, movement, and posture. · Prescribe specific exercises to help a child increase control of muscles and use specialized equipment, such as braces effectively.

PT - Physical Therapy

When it is necessary to lower the student-teacher ratio, both teachers teach the same content to two equal-sized groups of students

Parallel Teaching

What index of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children involves tasks that reqyure little to no verbal response?

Perceptual Reasoning

Virtual field trips, giant keyboards, and hands-free mice would benefit a student with what kind of disability?

Physical

· Supporting · Encouraging · Accepting · Listening · Trusting · Respecting · Negotiating Differences

Seven Caring Habits

principle of reinforcement which states that an opportunity to engage in more probable behaviors (or activities) will reinforce less probable behaviors (or activities). For example, if a child enjoys playing computer games (more probable) and avoids completing math problems (less probable), we might allow her to play the computer after (contingent upon) completing 15 math problems.

Prenack Principle

Used to assess students' academic performance, to quantify student rate of improvement or responsiveness to instruction, and to evaluate the effectiveness of instruction

Progress Monitoring

· Criticizing · Blaming · Complaining · Nagging · Threatening · Punishing · Bribing or Rewarding to Control

Seven Deadly Habits

Which of the following methods have been proven to be most effective for improving student learning of materials when taking notes?

Providing students with a skeletal outline and asking them to complete it

What is the term used for taking students out of class for special-education instruction?

Pull out

· Rh incompatibility is a condition that occurs during pregnancy if a woman has Rh-negative blood and her baby has Rh-positive blood. · When you're pregnant, blood from your baby can cross into your bloodstream, especially during delivery. If you're Rh-negative and your baby is Rh-positive, your body will react to the baby's blood as a foreign substance. · May lead to hemolytic anemia in the baby

RH Incompatibility

What disorder may be treated during pregnancy?

RH incompatibility

A form of special education available to students with mild to moderate learning disabilities who are having trouble in one or more areas of classroom learning

RSP - Resource Specialist Program

· A systematic prereferral and early intervention process that consists of universal screening and several tiers of increasingly intensive trials of research-based interventions before referral for assessment for special education eligibility. IDEA stipulates that schools can use RTI to determine a child's eligibility for special education under the specific learning disabilities category.

RTI - Response to Intervention

· Instructional activity in which students become the teacher in small group reading sessions · Teachers model, then help students learn to guide group discussions using four strategies: summarizing, question generating, clarifying, and predicting · Encourages students to think about their own thought processes

Reciprocal Teaching

· Specialists work closely with students outside of the general education classroom instruction support or related services are provided in small groups or one-on-one in a. separate setting · General education teacher does not provide instruction, the specialist does · Services may be provided through IEPs, RTI, informal supports, and other instructional interventions

Resource Pull-Out Services

· Separate setting, classroom or smaller designated room where a special education program can be delivered to a student with a disability, individually or in a small group · In here, individual needs are supported as defined by the student's IEP · Maybe used for assessment and testing

Resource Room

Dottie is a 9 year old student who recently qualified for and IEP under the qualifying category of ED. She struggles with reading and writing and has had several behavioral issues around assaulting students and adults. According to LRE, what is the most appropriate setting for Dottie to start in?

Resource pull out services

Joaquin is in the gen-ed setting for most of the day and receives small group instruction in reading once a day. Which type of classroom setting does this reflect?

Resource pull out services

Traditionally, ability/achievement comparisons have been used to determine eligibility for special education services. However, IDEA 2004 removed this requirement to allow greater flexibility in identifying students. In accordance with this change, an alternative method of identification now being used is called what?

Response to Intervention

An organization of rules/expectations used to try and reinforce a desired behavior

Rewards/Consequences System

What is the most effective approach for prompting self-discipline?

Role play appropriate ways to express feelings

A self-contained special education class which provides services to students with intensive needs that cannot be me by the general education program, RSP, or DIS (designated instruction services) program. Classes take up more than 50% of the student's day.

SDC - Special Day Class

State-level government organization within each US state or territory responsible for education, including providing information, resources, and technical assistance on educational matters to schools and residents

SEA - State Education Agency

· Goal is to foster the development of five interrelated sets of cognitive, affective, and behavioral competencies o Self-awareness o Self-management o Social awareness o Relationship skills o Responsible decision-making · As a result of learning this curriculum, children develop a foundation for social relationships and academic achievement as evidenced by more positive social behaviors, fewer conduct problems, less emotional distress, and improved test scores and grades

SEL - Social-Emotional Learning

A teaching method that enables a student to solve a problem, carry out a task, pr achieve a goal through a gradual shedding of outside assistance

Scaffolded Guide

What is an example of an advance organizer?

Semantic web - a series of thought bubbles connected to a larger theme or connected narrative

Per Barry's IEP, a test administrator administers the test in a location with minimal distractions. What type of assessment accommodation would this be?

Setting

What is the best strategy to best effectively elicit an orienting response from an individual with severe, multiple disabilities?

Slightly change familiar activities

· Any form of social acknowledgement · E.g. praise, high fives, smiles, nods, "good job"

Social Reinforcement

Inability to do math calculations, dyslexia, and developmental aphasia are examples of what kind of disability?

Specific learning disability

· A birth defect that occurs when the spine and spinal cord don't form properly. · A type of neural tube defect · Occulta is the most common type, it results in a small separation or gap in one or more of the vertebrae · Myelomeningocele - open; the most severe type; The spinal canal is open along several vertebrae in the lower or middle back. The membranes and spinal nerves push through this opening at birth, forming a sac on the baby's back, typically exposing tissues and nerves. This makes the baby prone to life-threatening infections and may also cause paralysis and bladder and bowel dysfunction.

Spina Bifida

When teaching material that is difficult but not sequential, both teacher present different content to different groups of students at the same time, and students rotate through each station

Station Teaching

What are the six elements of effective teacher presentation?

Structure, clarity, redundancy, enthusiasm, appropriate rate, and maximized engagement

The most important member of the transition team is the ________

Student

· Jean Piaget · Children cognitively construct knowledge and meaning through new experiences and interactions, as opposed to rote memorization · Students decide what they will learn, how they will learn it, how to track their progress, and what determines success

Student-Direceted Learning

· Used to evaluate student learning, skill acquisition, and academic achievement at the conclusion of a defined instructional period · Used to determine whether students have learned what they were expected to learn · Generally evaluative, not diagnostic · Appropriately used to determine learning progress and achievement, evaluate the effectiveness of educational programs, measure progress toward improvement goals

Summative Assessment

A general overview of a written work

Synopsis

· Suggests people learn through touching, feeling and moving - hands-on · Emphasizes that learning for some is done by doing

Tactile Learning

· Access to a preferred object or toy · E.g. Puzzles, videos, books, sensory component

Tangible Reinforcement

· Teacher begins by specifying the steps in the task; verbalizing the thought processes for the student (talking through it) · Once students understand, they practice the task independently · The teacher observes and may coach students who experience problems · Continue to model steps or procedures until correct independent performance is achieved

Task Scaffolding

When it is desirable to blend the talents and expertise of teachers, both teachers plan and teach a lesson together

Team Teaching

What is one strategy to help create self-determination?

Tech students to respond to natural cues in their environment rather than teacher cues

Which of the following is an appropriate alternative assessment for a 9th grade student who qualifies for alternative state testing?

Using student work samples that demonstrate mastery of the content standards being mastered

You have come to appreciate the journey of students with disabilities and their families. You also appreciate your role in special education.

The cornerstone of special education is instruction that is specifically designed to meet the unique needs of students with disabilities.

What is mainstreaming?

The practice of educating students with special needs in regular classes during specific time periods based on their skill levels

What did Piaget label as the pre-school years?

The preoperational stage, between 2-7

Dennis' mother disagreed with the assessment that was presented to her by the school district. She decided to privately fund an independent education evaluation, which conflicted with the school district's results. According to IDEA, what is the school district required to do with these results?

The results must be considered by the district

What is true of aptitude tests?

The test assesses a child's ability to modify behavior when presented with certain situations

Males are diagnosed with emotionally disturbed at significantly higher rates than females, in some districts representing up to 75% of the students diagnosed with ED. Why is this?

The vagueness of qualifications allow room for gender bias when diagnosing a student with ED Girls tend to be more emotionally developed at an earlier age Boys are more likely to show their emotions physically whereas girls express theirs verbally

As a special education teacher, your top priority is managing your assigned student's special education services, which includes various case management responsibilities. Your assigned student caseload includes students you teach and others you support outside of the classroom. You do not have instructional responsibilities for your case management students. What should you do at the beginning of the school year?

Thoroughly understand your district's and your school's expectations for you as a case manager

Watch research participants for a specific amount of time and record whether or not a particular behavior or activity took place

Time Sampling

What is the purpose of formative assessment?

To provide the teacher with information about how the students are doing with a particular lesson

· Anything that is visible and countable · E.g. poker chips, stickers, tally marks, marbles

Token Reinforcement

· Develops the IEP for your child · Parents must be invited to the IEP meetings · Special education teachers · Regular education teacher · Qualified school district representative · May also include: guidance counselor, work coordinator, and service learning coordinator · With the parent's permission (or student's permission after the student reaches the age of majority), the school must invite a representative of any participating agency likely to be responsible for providing or paying for transition services. This might include a county social worker, a vocational rehabilitation counselor, postsecondary school staff, and medical or related service providers.

Transition/IEP Team

True or false: tutoring is a form of remedial instruction?

True

Which assistive technology device would be most supportive of a student who struggles with executive function skills?

Use of a digital calendar like google calendar

What are the indexes of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children?

Verbal Comprehension Perceptual Reasoning Working Memory Processing Speed

· standardized measure of adaptive behavior--the things that people do to function in their everyday lives. · The Vineland-3 focuses on what he or she actually does in daily life. Because it is a norm-based instrument, the examinee's adaptive functioning is compared to that of others his or her age.

Vineland Teacher Survey

· A lack of ability to tell where objects are in space · Includes your own body parts · Involves being able to tell how far objects are from you and from each other

Visual Spatial Deficits

Strengths: visual and spatial judgement · Visualization · Good with directions, maps, charts, videos, and pictures · Reading and writing · Putting puzzles together · Interpreting pictures, graphs, and charts · Enjoys drawing, painting, and the visual arts ·Recognizes patterns easily

Visual-Spatial Judgement

Cumulative assessments on information taught by a teacher over a certain period of time are known as which of the following?

Weekly and monthly reviews

· Set of tests for measuring general intellectual ability, specific cognitive abilities, oral language, and academic achievement · Scores on this test are commonly reported as grade-level equivalents - a score of 3.5 is equivalent to the average score of the students in the norm group who were halfway through the third grade · Norm-referenced test · Offered in paper and pencil format

Woodcock Johnson

You have two students with disabilities that are in a regular education environment. Should they be incorporated into flexible learning groups?

Yes

Monoplegia Hemiplegia Paraplegia Quadriplegia

affects only one arm or leg affects one arm and one leg on the same side of your body affects both legs affects both arms and both legs

Presentation

allow students to access information other than standard visual or auditory means such as by reading or listening

Response Accommodation

allowed to complete tasks in different ways, or to solve or organize problems using some type of assistive device or organizer

EBD are characterized by what?

an inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health problems an inability to build satisfactory relationships with peers and teachers inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normal situations or circumstances.

Reciprocal teaching is qualified by what?

clarifying points, summarizing the text, and making predictions

A student with autism also has a psychological condition. This is an example of what?

co-curring condition

What are the stages of grief?

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

What is the first step in backwards planning?

determining which standard the unit is going to address

Ms. Adams has a group of 6-7 first grade students, who are struggling and reading below grade level. Which of the following is a research-based reading intervention that she could use to support his students?

dialogic reading

What is expected of a paraprofessional?

document information about a student's performance

What is a standardized individual test most appropriate for?

evaluation of a student for eligibility and placement, or individualized program planning, in special education

Timing Accommodations

extended time

Katie, a 4th grade student with ADHD, is often off-task. Her regular education teacher places her at a table close to the front of the room with table mates who are very focused on their work. What is the teacher doing?

implementing a simple accommodation to improve Katie's performance.

What is flexible grouping based on?

learning needs, strengths, and preferences

Who has the power to override a parental refusal of consent for a child to engage in special education?

no one - parents cannot be overruled

Culturally responsive teaching recognizes that culture plays a critical role in teaching and learning. When planning lessons, facilitate learning by making explicit connections between the content and students' cultures, as often as you can. Culturally responsive teaching incorporate inclusive or differentiated teaching practices and strategies that have been developed for students with disabilities. Which of the following is not one of those strategies?

not using visuals such as graphic organizers

What are the primary purposes of IEPs?

outline instructional program function as the basis for evaluation facilitate communication among appropriate parties

What are the focuses of lesson plans for the deaf and hearing impaired?

sight, motion, and touch

What are two examples of mnemonic devices?

songs and poems

Who has the right to request and IEP?

students with disabilities, physically impaired students, students with ED

setting accommodations

taking a test in a different location

One advantage of recorded books is_______

they provide students with a model of fluent reading and may be turned off when students want to read on their own

A student with intrapersonal intelligence usually excels at ____________________

understanding themselves and others by way of assessing their own emotions

· Affects the development of the hands, feet, heart, and reproductive system · Extra fingers and/or toes (polydactyly), heart defects, and genital abnormalities · Females are born with a genital abnormality called hydrometrocolpos, which is a large accumulation of fluid in the pelvis · Caused by a mutation in the MKKS gene

with McKusick-Kaufman syndrome

Makes available a free and appropriate public education to eligible children with disabilities throughout the nation and ensure special education and related services to those children · Governs how states and public agencies provide early intervention, special education, and related services · Authorizes formula grants to states to support special education and related services and intervention services · Authorizes discretionary grants to state educational agencies, institutions of higher education, and other nonprofit organizations to support research, demonstrations, technical assistance, and dissemination, technology development, personnel preparation and development, and parent-training and information centers · Ensures rights of children with disabilities and parents of such children are protected · Assist states localities, educational service agencies, and Federal agencies to provide for the education all children with disabilities · Assist states in the implementation of a statewide, comprehensive, coordinated, multidisciplinary, interagency system of early intervention services for infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families; · Ensure that educators and parents have the necessary tools to improve educational results for children with disabilities by supporting system improvement activities; coordinated research and personnel preparation; coordinated technical assistance, dissemination, and support; and technology development and media services; · Assess, and ensure the effectiveness of, efforts to educate children with disabilities.

· Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

Major Principles of IDEA

· Zero reject: schools must educate all children with disabilities · Nondiscriminatory Evaluation: schools must use nonbiased, multifactored methods of evaluation to determine whether a child has a disability and, if so, whether the child needs specially designed instruction to benefit from education · Free and Appropriate Public Education: education must be provided at public expense, an IEP must be developed and implemented to meet the unique needs of each student with a disability