PRAXIS Elementary Social Studies 5904/5004

Oligarchy

A few people have power.

Which of the following best explains why Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Ronald Reagan used deficit spending? A.To stimulate weak economies B.To regulate financial markets C.To promote territorial expansion D.To prevent racial inequality

A.To stimulate weak economies

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery

Law of supply

An increase on the price of a product will result in an increase in supply

pocket veto

An indirect veto of a legislative bill by the president (when he disagrees with a law) He may refuse to sign a bill passed by Congress by waiting after the amount of time to sign it

Social Security is an example of what type of government economic activity? A. Stabilization and growth B. Direct assistance C. Direct services D. Regulation and control

B. Direct assistance

Which of the following examples describes an action performed by the federal government? A. Collecting property taxes to fund public schools B. Establishing trade agreements with other nations C. Determining zoning guidelines for urban development D. Raising sales taxes on major goods

B. Establishing trade agreements with other nations

Which of the following would not be considered a renewable natural resource? A. Water B. Oil C. Wind D. Trees

B. Oil

Which TWO of the following locations are the best examples of how human interaction can affect the environment? A.The Grand Canyon B.The Hoover Dam C.Niagara Falls D.Grand Teton E.Mount Rushmore

B.The Hoover Dam E.Mount Rushmore

If House and Senate have different versions of the law, what happens to the bill?

Both appoint conferees to work out a compromise. This committee is called the "conference" committee.

Ukraine

Breadbasket of Europe

Which of the following is most associated with the Boston Tea Party? A. Impressment of sailors B. Quartering of troops in homes C. Increased taxes on commodities D. Restrictions on due process

C. Increased taxes on commodities

Which of the following characteristics best describes the New England colonies? A. Rich farmland and humid climate B. Good harbors and moderate climate C. Rocky terrain and cold winters D. Coastal lowlands and moderate winters

C. Rocky terrain and cold winters

Which of the following would not be considered one of the natural resources that might greatly affect a country's economy? A. Oil B. Cultivable land C. Technology D. Water

C. Technology

Which of the following 20th century events occurred most recently? A. The establishment of the United Nations B. The conclusion of the Korean War C. The start of the "Space Race" D. The Japanese invasion of Manchuria

C. The start of the "Space Race"

Which of the following is considered a right of United States citizenship? A. To obey laws B. To serve on a jury C. To worship freely D. To pay income taxes

C. To worship freely

The Pendleton Civil Service Act was a reaction to which of the following? A. a widening gap between rich and poor B. the creation of the Civil Service Commission C. corruption in gov't D. captains of industry

C. corruption in gov't

Which of the following is recognized by three of the world's major religions as a holy city? A.Mecca B.Cairo C.Jerusalem D.Tehran

C.Jerusalem

Archipelago

Chain of islands that largely comprise Indonesia and The Philippines

Suez Canal

Connects Mediterranean and Red Seas, providing shortest maritime route between Europe and the Indian and Pacific Ocean

Which amendment to the United States Constitution outlawed slavery? A. The Third Amendment B. The Fifth Amendment C. The Tenth Amendment D. The Thirteenth Amendment

D. The Thirteenth Amendment

Ancient China

Isolated by mountains and the Gobi desert to the north, Believed in the dynastic cycle and mandate of Heaven. Local lords controlled their religion but owed military service. Experienced a Golden age = advancements in science, math, and technology.

Ideology of the Union

The Union opposed slavery, but originally was fighting the Civil War simply to keep the nation intact.

Gentrification

The restoration of run-down urban areas by the middle class. This resulted in the displacement of lower income people.

Marbury v. Madison

This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review

The Space Age

a time period encompassing the activities related to the Space Race, space exploration, space technology, and the cultural developments influenced by these events. The Space Age is generally considered to have begun with Sputnik (1957).

Contributed to Japan's rise as an industrial power in the late 19th century

establishing trade with the U.S.

Tropic of Capricorn

imaginary line of longitude 23 north of the equator.

Missouri Compromise

"Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states.

Magna Carta

(1215) a charter of liberties (freedoms) that King John "Lackland" of England was forced to sign it made the king obey the same laws as the citizens of his kingdom

The French and Indian War

(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.

Why did people migrate to California?

1800s: Gold Rush

Louisiana Purchase

1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France. Made by Jefferson, this doubled the size of the US.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

1854 - Created Nebraska and Kansas as states and gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty.

Dred Scott V. Sanford

1857: Supreme Court decision that blacks could not be US citizens.

Bolshevik Revolution

1917 uprising in Russia led by Vladimir Lenin which established a communist government and withdrew Russia from World War I.

19th Amendment

1920: Women were given the right to vote

Truman Doctrine

1947: Harry S. Truman established that the US would provide: POLITICAL, MILITARY, and ECONOMIC assistance to ALL DEMOCRATIC NATIONS under threat from external and internal authorize force.

Brown V. Board of Education Topeka

1954: Unanimously held that the racial segregation of children in public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment The decision did not succeed in fully desegregation public education

Articles of Confederation

1st Constitution of the United States: November 15, 1777 (ratification did not occur until March 1, 1781).Documents was limited because states held most of the power and congress lacked the power to tax, regulate, or control coinage. Signed by 13 Original Colonies

Ancient Greece

A civilization that lasted from the 8th/6th century BCE to 600 AD. Immediately following this period was the beginning of the Early Middle Ages and the Byzantine Era. Because of conquests by Alexander the Great of Macedonia, Hellenistic civilization flourished from Central Asia to the western end of the Mediterranean Sea. Classical Greek culture, especially philosophy, had a powerful influence on the Roman Empire, which carried a version of it to many parts of the Mediterranean Basin and Europe, for which Classical Greek is generally considered to be the seminal culture which provided the foundation of modern Western culture.

The Space Race

A competition of space exploration between the United States and Soviet Union.

Cold War

A conflict that was between the US and Soviet Union. Nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years. Both afraid of Nuclear Weapons.

New Jersey Plan

A constitutional proposal that would have given each state one vote in a new congress

Dictatorship

A form of government in which the leader has absolute power and authority.

Republic

A form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws.

stock market

A general term used to describe all transactions involving the buying and selling of stock shares issued by a company.

Monarchy

A government in which power is in the hands of a single person

Mesopotamia

A region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that developed the first urban societies. In the Bronze Age this area included Sumer and the Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian empires In the Iron Age, it was ruled by the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian empires.

Sons of liberty

A secret organization of American colonists created to protect the rights of the colonists and to resist British government policies deemed unfair. ESPECIALLY ACTIVE DURING THE STAMP ACT IN 1765.

Industrial Revolution

A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.

The New Deal

A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression.

War of 1812

A war (1812-1814) between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France.

WWII

A war fought from 1939 to 1945 between the Axis powers — Germany, Italy, and Japan — and the Allies, including France and Britain, and later the Soviet Union and the United States.

What are considered the two basic cultural types that have developed throughout history in relation to the physical environment? A. Agricultural/settled and nomadic B. Urban and rural C. Developed and underdeveloped D. Cores and peripheries

A. Agricultural/settled and nomadic

The Truman Doctrine justified which of the following United States policies? A. Aiding Greece and Turkey after the Second World War B. Participating in the United Nations C. Selling of arms to Iran D. Intervening in Nicaragua

A. Aiding Greece and Turkey after the Second World War

The Civil War came to a close when General Lee surrendered at the end of which battle? A. Appomattox Court House B. Gettysburg C. Fort Sumter D. Chancellorsville

A. Appomattox Court House

At what level of sociological integration would the Australian Aborigines be classified? A. Band B. Tribe C. Chiefdom D. State

A. Band

Which of the following inventors is most associated with the use of the assembly line? A. Henry Ford B. Thomas Alva Edison C. Alexander Graham Bell D. Nikola Tesla

A. Henry Ford

Which of the following was a major effect of the New Deal in the United States? A. Increased federal government spending B. Decreased involvement in foreign affairs C. Decreased wages for government workers D. Increased privatization of industries

A. Increased federal government spending

Which of the following describes the effect of the interstate highway system on life in the United States? A. Increased suburban development B. Increased education funding C. Decreased use of airline transportation D. Decreased demand for overseas goods

A. Increased suburban development

Which of the following describes the use of a natural resource in the development of early Mesopotamian society? A. Irrigating crops with river water B. Hunting animals on plateaus C. Farming crops on terraced hillsides D. Navigating ships on oceans

A. Irrigating crops with river water

At which two sites did the first military engagements of The Revolutionary War take place? A. Lexington and Concord B. Saratoga and Yorktown C. Boston and Trenton D. Bunker Hill and Norfolk

A. Lexington and Concord

Which of the following British colonies was founded by Puritans seeking to create a new church in the Americas? A. Massachusetts B. Rhode Island C. Pennsylvania D. Delaware

A. Massachusetts

Which of the following religions did not have a major influence on ancient Chinese society? A. Sikhism B. Buddhism C. Confucianism D. Taoism

A. Sikhism

In which of the following mountain ranges would you find Mont Blanc? A. The Alps B. The Andes C. The Himalayas D. The Rockies

A. The Alps

In 1811, the federal government funded construction of which of the following aimed at western expansion? A. The National Road B. Transcontinental Railroad C. Panama Canal D. The Appalachian Trail

A. The National Road

Who is considered the presiding officer of the House of Representatives? A. The Speaker of the House B. The House Majority Leader C. The Vice President D. The Majority Whip

A. The Speaker of the House

Which of the following events was the context for the Gettysburg Address? A. The dedication of a national cemetery during the American Civil War B. The opening of an immigrant processing center during the Gilded Age C. The attack on a battleship at the start of the Spanish-American War D. The annexation of new territory during the era of western expansion

A. The dedication of a national cemetery during the American Civil War

Which of the following is most responsible for changing the cultural landscape of the American West in the late nineteenth century? A. The expansion of the railroad B. The growth of Indian settlements C. The relocation of Mexican citizens D. The establishment of slave states

A. The expansion of the railroad

Which of the following events most contributed to Southern states seceding from the Union? A. The inauguration of Abraham Lincoln B. The occurrence of Nat Turner's Rebellion C. The ratification of the Civil Rights Act D. The signing of the Kansas-Nebraska Act

A. The inauguration of Abraham Lincoln

Which U.S. President was responsible for sending Lewis & Clark to explore the Louisiana Territory? A. Thomas Jefferson B. James Madison C. James Monroe D. John Quincy Adams

A. Thomas Jefferson

The Russian people's interest in acquiring and wearing American blue jeans is an example of A. cultural diversity B. cultural diffusion C. cultural adaptation D. acculturation

A. cultural diversity

The U.S. did not enter WWII until which of the following events? A. the bombing of Pearl Harbor by Japan B. the invasion of Poland by Germany C. the assassination of Franz Ferdinand D. Kristallnacht

A. the bombing of Pearl Harbor by Japan

Which of the following maps would most likely be used in distinguishing cultural regions? A.A world map of languages B.A North American topographical map C.A world map of natural resources D.A precipitation map of Europe

A.A world map of languages

Which of the following is one characteristic of a democracy? A.Citizens participate in the fair election of government officials. B.Government power is controlled by a few individuals. C.Government power is controlled by a single monarch. D.Citizens are punished for criticizing government officials

A.Citizens participate in the fair election of government officials

Which of the following best describes the prime meridian?A.Longitude line that divides Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres B.Line of latitude that divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres C.Longitude line that demarcates the change of the calendar day D.Line of latitude that marks the most northerly point on a map

A.Longitude line that divides Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres

Which of the following actions would a government most likely take to encourage economic growth? A.Lowering interest rates B.Raising income taxes C.Increasing federal regulations D.Decreasing federal spending

A.Lowering interest rates

Which of the following countries did the United States come into conflict with as a result of the annexation of the Republic of Texas?A.Mexico B.France C.Canada D.Spain

A.Mexico

Which of the following is best described as the study of individual economic behavior? A.Microeconomics B.Macroeconomics C.Social economics D.Institutional economics

A.Microeconomics

"With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered and shall not interfere. But with the Governments who have declared their independence and maintain it, and whose independence we have, on great consideration and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling in any other manner their destiny, by any European power in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States." United States president, 1823 Which of the following is most associated with this speech? A.Monroe Doctrine B.Roosevelt Corollary C.Louisiana Purchase D.Missouri Compromise

A.Monroe Doctrine

The following excerpt is a portion of a letter from George Washington to Henry Knox in February, 1787. "If three years ago, any person had of told me that at this day, I should see such a formidable rebellion against the laws and constitutions of our own making as now appears, I should have thought him a bedlamite (insane person)—fit subject for a madhouse..." Which of the following rebellions is discussed in this excerpt? A.Shays' Rebellion B.Nat Turner's Rebellion C.The Whiskey Rebellion D.Stono Rebellion

A.Shays' Rebellion

Which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution was used to justify segregation? A.Tenth B.Sixth C.Fifth D.Third

A.Tenth

"I am of the opinion that when once these rebels have felt a smart blow, they will submit; and no situation can ever change my fixed resolution...." King George III Which of the following is most related to the topic discussed in this excerpt? A.The Declaration of Independence B.The Louisiana Purchase C.The Constitution of the United States D.The Treaty of Paris of 1763

A.The Declaration of Independence

Which of the following best describes a reasonable application of how geography can be used to interpret the past? A.To understand how the discovery of gold affected the development of California B.To analyze the potential hazards of overcrowding in urban areas C.To determine the longitude and latitude of the capital of Nebraska D.To calculate the topographical features of a specific region

A.To understand how the discovery of gold affected the development of California

Naturalization Act

Act that increased the time to become a US citizen from 5 to 14 years

Gadsden Purchase

Agreement w/ Mexico that gave the US parts of present-day New Mexico & Arizona in exchange for $10 million all but completed the continental expansion envisioned by those who believed in Manifest Destiny.

Truman Doctrine

Aiding Greece and Turkey after WWII

18th Amendment

Alcohol illegal

Three-Fifths Compromise

Allowed a state to count 3/5 of each black person in determining political representation in the house.

World after WWII

American society became more affluent in the postwar years than most Americans could have imagined in their wildest dreams before or during the war.

Egypt

Ancient civilization that used hieroglyphics as a way to communicate

The Stock Market Crash

Another leading component to the start of the Great Depression. The stock became very popular in the 1920's, then in 1929 in took a steep downturn and many lost their money and hope they had put in to the stock.

Where is the Ring of Fire located?

Around the Pacific Ocean's edge - major basin of the pacific ocean

Increased cultural diversity in the U.S. during the early 19th century

Arrival of the European immigrants in urban areas

Continents (Largest to Smallest)

Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, Australia

Major Mountain Ranges

Asia: Himalaya - largest mountain range on earth, Mt. Everest is its highest peak (29,035 feet), Karakoram and Pamir Europe: Alps, Caucasus, Carpathians, Pyrenees, Urals; Africa: Abyssinian, Atlas, Ruwenzori, Kilimanjaro (inactive volcano); North America: Rocky Mountains and Applachians; South America: Andes; Australia: Kosciusko

Native American culture known for its complex temples and pyramids and its cultivation of Maze

Aztecs

Which resource would be most useful to a researcher who is studying the significance of the Suez Canal, the Strait of Hormuz, and the Strait of Gibraltar? A. A table with currency exchange rates between the United States and European countries B. A map of the countries located between the North Atlantic and the Arabian Sea C. A bar graph showing the number of democratic nations in the Middle East D. A diary entry describing a traveler's encounters along the Silk Road

B. A map of the countries located between the North Atlantic and the Arabian Sea

In which of the following types of economies do the government and central planners play the largest part in deciding how resources are used and distributed to the people? A. Capitalist B. Command C. Free market D. Traditional

B. Command

"Core" is a term used to describe a society that what? A. Provides other societies with resources B. Controls and exploits more resources C. Has less defined social roles for men and women D. Is nomadic in nature

B. Controls and exploits more resources

Which of the following most contributed to Japan's rise as an industrial power in the late nineteenth century? A. Acquiring natural resources from China B. Establishing trade with the United States C. Joining a military alliance with Germany D. Annexing territories from Russia

B. Establishing trade with the United States

Alexander Hamilton was most closely associated with which of the following early American political parties? A. Anti-Federalist B. Federalist C. Democratic D. Whig

B. Federalist

Which of the following best defines opportunity cost? A. Allocating federal taxes to improve the economy B. Gaining one item out of two by giving up the second item C. Having limited resources to produce goods for market D. Allocating funds for the manufacture of a specific product

B. Gaining one item out of two by giving up the second item

Which of the following statements best describes gender role? A. Gender role is the sex group (male or female) to which the individual belongs. B. Gender role consists of the set of behaviors society considers appropriate for each sex group. C. Gender role consists of actions taken by individuals to eliminate gender stereotypes. D. Gender role consists of fixed, culturally invariant expectations for each sex group.

B. Gender role consists of the set of behaviors society considers appropriate for each sex group.

Which of the following issues did the Three-Fifths Compromise at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 resolve? A. How to determine the number of senators granted each state in the Congress B. How to account for slaves for both the purposes of representation of states in the House of Representatives and of taxation of states by the national government C. How to determine federal compensation to states that forfeited western land claims D. How to determine how the revenue from tariffs on imported goods would be distributed between the federal government and the states

B. How to account for slaves for both the purposes of representation of states in the House of Representatives and of taxation of states by the national government

Which of the following most contributed to the growth of factory production in the United States during the early 1800s? A. Rise in labor union membership B. Introduction of new technologies C. Creation of vocational programs D. Increase in government regulations

B. Introduction of new technologies

What is considered the first permanent British settlement in North America? A. Plymouth B. Jamestown C. Massachusetts Bay D. New York

B. Jamestown

The correspondence between which of the following couples, in which the wife urged her husband, "Remember the ladies," is viewed by historians as an early illustration of the interest and activism of women in national policy? A. George and Martha Washington B. John and Abigail Adams C. James and Dolley Madison D. Andrew and Rachel Jackson

B. John and Abigail Adams

Which of the following colonies was established as a haven for English Catholics? A. Massachusetts B. Maryland C. South Carolina D. New Hampshire

B. Maryland

Which of the following was an advantage the South had over the North during the Civil War? A. Greater manpower B. More experienced military leadership C. Superior economic resources D. Superior firepower

B. More experienced military leadership

Who issued the famous words "Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death!" to the Virginia Convention in 1775? A. James Madison B. Patrick Henry C. John Adams D. John Locke

B. Patrick Henry

Which colony had the highest proportion of German settlers during the colonial period? A. Massachusetts B. Pennsylvania C. New York D. Virginia

B. Pennsylvania

Which of the following physical features provided a natural barrier against the growth of British colonies in North America? A. The Gulf of Mexico B. The Appalachian Mountains C. The Mississippi River D. The Rocky Mountains

B. The Appalachian Mountains

Which of the following is generally considered most important in limiting the power of kings and influencing the development of democracy? A. The Norman Conquest B. The Magna Carta C. The Treaty of Versailles D. writing of The Trew Law of Free Monarchies

B. The Magna Carta

The edict that "no European power should seek colonies in the Western Hemisphere" comes from ___________. A. Manifest Destiny B. The Monroe Doctrine C. The War of 1812 D. The Second Great Awakening

B. The Monroe Doctrine

Which of the following is one governmental power established by the Articles of Confederation? A. The creation of an equitable system of taxation B. The ability to negotiate with foreign governments C. The establishment of a powerful executive branch D. The establishment of a system of national courts

B. The ability to negotiate with foreign governments

Which of the following factors most increased cultural diversity within the United States during the early nineteenth century? A. The relocation of American Indians in western territories B. The arrival of European immigrants in urban areas C. The migration of African Americans to northern cities D. The arrival of Asian workers to build railroads

B. The arrival of European immigrants in urban areas

Which of the following areas of study would not be considered an example of human geography? A. Settlement patterns B. Topography C. Exploitation of resources D. Man-made changes to the Earth

B. Topography

During the era of classical civilizations, which of the following primarily drove interaction between the Roman and Han empires? A. Religious conversion B. Trade in luxury goods C. Common interest in Daoism D. Geopolitical rivalry

B. Trade in luxury goods

Which of the following would not be considered an example of an environmental factor affecting human migration? A. Lack of fresh water sources B. War C. A devastating hurricane D. Severe climate

B. War

Which of the following statements best describes the historical settlement of the present-day United States? A.)European powers cooperated with one another to colonize new territories. B.)The area was primarily populated from the East Coast to the West Coast. C.)Internal migration was discouraged by local government officials. D.)Large groups of Native Americans were assimilated into European settlements.

B.)The area was primarily populated from the East Coast to the West Coast.

Which of the following most contributes to the cultural cohesion of a community? A.Diverse climate B.Common language C.Natural resources D.Market economy

B.Common language

Which of the following best protects the security of citizens in a democracy? A.Limiting the number of potential candidates in elections B.Ensuring that voters are well-informed about elections C.Compensating candidates for money spent in elections D.Mandating that voters participate in elections

B.Ensuring that voters are well-informed about elections

Which of the following officials is the chief executive at the state level of government? A.Ambassador B.Governor C.Senator D.Mayor

B.Governor

Which of the following amendments to the United States Constitution extended the right to vote to women? A.Eighteenth Amendment B.Nineteenth Amendment C.Twentieth Amendment D.Twenty-First Amendment

B.Nineteenth Amendment

Which of the following organizations was most responsible for the increased tensions over the shortage of a natural resource during the 1970s? A.World Customs Organization B.Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries C.World Trade Organization D.North Atlantic Treaty Organization

B.Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

Which of the following actions is considered primarily a duty of local governments? A.Negotiating with foreign leaders B.Organizing school systems C.Printing paper currency D.Establishing border security

B.Organizing school systems

Which of the following objectives is expressly stated in the preamble to the Constitution? A.Providing for the common defense and establishing political parties B.Providing for the common defense and establishing justice C.Insuring domestic tranquility and establishing voting procedures D.Promoting the general welfare and establishing political parties

B.Providing for the common defense and establishing justice

"...a Firm League of Friendship with each other, against all force offered to, or attacks made upon them..." (1781) Which of the following documents outlines the objectives referred to in this excerpt? A.The Declaration of Independence B.The Articles of Confederation C.The Mayflower Compact D.The Bill of Rights

B.The Articles of Confederation

Which of the following doubled the size of the United States? A.The Gadsden Purchase B.The Louisiana Purchase C.The annexation of Texas D.The cession of Florida

B.The Louisiana Purchase

Which of the following best describes how the increasing popularity of automobiles transformed the United States during the early twentieth century? A.The percentage of people who lived in rural areas increased. B.The number of roads that were paved increased. C.The percentage of minorities who voted increased. D.The number of mass transit systems that were built increased.

B.The number of roads that were paved increased.

Which of the following best describes President Woodrow Wilson's main justification for the entry of the United States into World War I?A.The threat of communism around the world needed to be eliminated. B.The world needed to be made safe for democracy. C.The Allied Powers demanded that war reparations be paid by Germany. D.The Central Powers launched an attack against a United States naval base

B.The world needed to be made safe for democracy.

Traditional economy

Based on customs, history and time-honored beliefs. Helps shape the goods and services the economy produces. Often in Africa, Asia, Latin American and the Middle East

Which of the following American Civil War battles immediately preceded the issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation?

Battle of Antietam

End of Civil War

Battle of Appomattox Court House

Major American Revolution battles

Battle of Brandywine, Battle of Germantown, Battle of Saratoga, Battle of Monmouth

Long run benefits of high tariffs

Benefit some at the expense of others

What is the name of the first 10 Amendments?

Bill of Rights

Who won the Seven Years War?

Britain

Start of American Revolution

British taxing the colonists to pay for the French and Indian war Help pay debts of the war Americans began resisting British rule

What was the voting age according to the original U.S. Constitution? A. 16 B. 18 C. 21 D. 25

C. 21

Which of the following was not associated with the Industrial Revolution? A. Development of new weaving and ironworking techniques B. Vast expansion and improvement in roads and waterways C. Decreased dependence on trade with other territories D. Greatly increased prosperity and political power for the middle class

C. Decreased dependence on trade with other territories

Which of the following is an important provision of the Treaty of Versailles, signed at the end of the First World War? A. Germany maintained control of Alsace-Lorraine. B. Germany's colonial territories achieved independence and were admitted to the League of Nations. C. Germany had to take responsibility for Allied war losses by accepting a "war guilt" clause. D. Russia and the United States agreed to participate in peacekeeping operations under the control of the League of Nations.

C. Germany had to take responsibility for Allied war losses by accepting a "war guilt" clause.

Which of the following describes a significant effect of deforestation in South America? A. Reduction of transportation hubs B. Decreased demand for arable land C. Increased threats to wildlife habitats D. Decrease in foreign trade

C. Increased threats to wildlife habitats

The US Constitution differed from the Articles of Confederation in which of the following ways? A. It allowed the government to print and borrow money. B. It provided for the common defense of the states. C. It provided a strong central government and federal taxation. D. It allowed the states to resolve issues regarding the western territories.

C. It provided a strong central government and federal taxation

Which of the following benefits of recycling would least relate to an area's physical geography? A. It saves natural resources B. It saves clean air and water C. It saves money and creates jobs D. It saves landfill space

C. It saves money and creates jobs

Which of the following presidents expanded the United States space program by establishing the goal of landing astronauts on the Moon? A. Harry S. Truman B. Dwight Eisenhower C. John F. Kennedy D. Gerald Ford

C. John F. Kennedy

Which physical region of Texas did the Jumanos Native Americans live within? A. High Plains B. Central Plains C. Mountains and Basins D. Gulf Coastal Plain

C. Mountains and Basins

Which of the following statements is consistent with the ideas of Thomas Hobbes and helped to influence the writing of the United States Constitution? A. The power to govern was a divine right granted to kings by God, which people were obliged to accept. B. The power to govern was endowed in individuals who organized a government and decreed communal ownership of the means of production. C. No order exists in a state of nature, and therefore people need to surrender some of their power and form a government to create order. D. Government is an evil and corrupting influence and should be replaced by a utopian society based on free will.

C. No order exists in a state of nature, and therefore people need to surrender some of their power and form a government to create order.

Which of the following contributed to a decline in the prices of farm goods in the late-nineteenth-century United States? A. Shortages of agricultural machinery caused by labor strikes B. Shortages of arable land C. Overproduction of agricultural products D. The aftermath of the Civil War

C. Overproduction of agricultural products

What did the United States Supreme Court conclude in its 1857 ruling on the Dred Scott case? A. The importation of slaves from Africa was illegal. B. Slaves were free once their owners took them to free states. C. Slaves had no legal right to sue for their freedom. D. Slaves could be freed once their owners died

C. Slaves had no legal right to sue for their freedom.

Which of the following would be considered an example of a primary source? A. An excerpt from the Encyclopedia Britannica on the Holocaust. B. An excerpt from a World History textbook on the Holocaust. C. The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank D. A Time Magazine article on the Holocaust

C. The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank

Which of the following is associated with the relocation of Cherokee Indians to Oklahoma? A. The Dawes Act B. The Adams-Onis Treaty C. The Trail of Tears D. The Great Migration

C. The Trail of Tears

Which of the following changes would most likely occur in a community with high rates of immigration? A. The reduction of small business revenues B. A decline in religious observances C. The establishment of new cultural festivals D. An increase in zoning regulations

C. The establishment of new cultural festivals

In 1932, The Pecora Commission was established by the U.S. Senate to study the causes of what? A. World War I B. The 19th Amendment C. The stock market crash D. Adolf Hitler's rise to power in Germany

C. The stock market crash

Which of the following is true of the effect of high tariffs on an economy in the long run? A. They increase the market for exports. B. They decrease employment in the industries protected by the tariff. C. They benefit some groups at the expense of others. D. They encourage industries protected by the tariff to be more efficient and competitive.

C. They benefit some groups at the expense of others.

What is considered the primary reason the U.S. built the Panama Canal in 1907? A. To open up South American tourism B. To allow military ships to travel between oceans C. To create a faster way to ship goods from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. D. To establish a U.S. presence in Central America

C. To create a faster way to ship goods from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.

Which of the following is the most effective method for a farmer to use to minimize the effects of a drought? A. Using greenhouses B. Building terraces C. Using drip irrigation D. Flooding fields

C. Using drip irrigation

Which of the following is required for an individual to cast a ballot in any federal election in the United States? A. Membership in a political party B. A valid driver's license C. Voter registration D. Payment of a poll tax

C. Voter registration

What was an unintended benefit of America joining the Allies in WWII? A. America's view of Communism improved B. Cooperation between the political parties improved C. Women's role in the workforce improved D. Relations between the U.S. and Germany improved

C. Women's role in the workforce improved

The maximum, sustained level of use of an environment that is possible without incurring significant environmental deterioration is called ____________. A. its saturation point B. resource critical mass C. its carrying capacity D. its natural breaking point

C. its carrying capacity

Which of the following scenarios would most directly increase a nation's gross domestic product? A.A rise in unemployment rates B.A rapid growth in population C.A rise in the price of exported goods D.A decision to implement economic sanctions

C.A rise in the price of exported goods

Which of the following developments prompted the United States Congress to pass the USA PATRIOT Act? A.A Middle East oil embargo in 1973 B.The start of the Iran-Iraq War C.An attack by terrorists in 2001 D.The outbreak of the Cuban missile crisis

C.An attack by terrorists in 2001

The following narrative is from The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa (1789). "I remember, in the vessel in which I was brought over, in the men's apartment, there were several brothers . . . sold in different lots; and it was very moving on this occasion, to see and hear their cries at parting." Which of the following eighteenth-century practices is described by this narrative? A.Imperialism B.Mercantilism C.Chattel slavery D.Indentured servitude

C.Chattel slavery

-Rich soil -Abundant fishing grounds -Access to freshwater Which of the following actions by European colonists was most affected by these factors? A.Creation of new maps B.Trading with Native Americans C.Founding of settlements D.Development of plantations

C.Founding of settlements

Which of the following conflicts contributed to an agreement between British colonies known as the Albany Plan? A.American Revolution B.King Philip's War C.French and Indian War D.War of 1812

C.French and Indian War

Which TWO of the following natural resources were European explorers trying to acquire during the early exploration of North America? A.Platinum B.Zinc C.Gold D.Iron E.Silver F.Ivory

C.Gold E.Silver

Which of the following architectural innovations is attributed to classical Greece? A.Aqueduct B.Minaret C.Ionic column D.Flying buttres

C.Ionic column

Ramon can spend his time creating calligraphy cards or baking muffins. He chooses to bake muffins. Which of the following economic terms best describes the calligraphy cards in this scenario? A.Scarce resource B.Production cost C.Opportunity cost D.Factor of production

C.Opportunity cost (opportunity cost is the value of the next-highest-valued alternative, which in this case would be the cards.)

Which TWO factors contributed to the failure of the Articles of Confederation? A.Congress abused its power to tax. B.Congress overregulated foreign trade. C.States printed local currencies. D.The executive branch abused its power to negotiate treaties. E.The federal government was unable to enforce laws

C.States printed local currencies. E.The federal government was unable to enforce laws

Which of the following best describes how the farming techniques used by the Inca developed? A.Vast plains resulted in pastoral farming. B.Annual flooding resulted in the development of commercial farms. C.Steep mountains resulted in the development of terrace farms. D.Lack of rainfall resulted in dry farming.

C.Steep mountains resulted in the development of terrace farms.

-Availability of abundant natural resources -Federal laws enacted to protect property rights -Extensive patent laws passed Which of the following developments was made possible as a result of the factors listed above? A.The Great Depression B.The Great Awakening C.The Industrial Revolution D.The Great Recession

C.The Industrial Revolution

Which of the following best characterizes a resource as scarce? A.The production of the resource exceeds the demand for it. B.The resource is renewable. C.The consumer demand for the resource exceeds the amount available. D.The government subsidizes the resource.

C.The consumer demand for the resource exceeds the amount available.

Which of the following rights is most characteristic of a democracy?A.The right to achieve financial security B.The right to worship in a government church C.The right to participate in the electoral process D.The right to a publicly funded education

C.The right to participate in the electoral process

The following excerpt was written on July 4, 1776. "When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another . . . " Which of the following individuals was the author of this document? A.Patrick Henry B.James Madison C.Thomas Jefferson D.George Washington

C.Thomas Jefferson

Which of the following describes the primary purpose of cross-cultural comparisons? A.To determine which culture is superior B.To establish the land rights of a cultural group C.To identify traits shared between cultures D.To predict cultural migration patterns

C.To identify traits shared between cultures

Which of the following describes the primary reason for the establishment of time zones in the United States? A.To create uniform borders between states B.To align all cities with the prime meridian C.To improve the efficiency of transportation D.To maintain physical national boundaries

C.To improve the efficiency of transportation

Compromise of 1850

California admitted as free state Territorial status and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico Resolution of Texas-New Mexico boundaries Slave trade abolished in DC New fugitive slave law; advocated by Henry Clay and Stephen A. Douglas

What is NW, NE, SW, and SE called?

Cardinal Directions

main cause and effect of the War of 1812

Cause: Neutral rights Effect: Economic independence.

Result of China's rapid economic growth

China has become one of the world's largest emitters of carbon dioxide The industrial expansion has increased the use of fossil fuels

15th Amendment

Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote b/c of race or color

14th Amendment

Citizenship for African Americans

Battle of Antietam

Civil War battle in which the North succeeded in halting Lee's Confederate forces in Maryland. Was the bloodiest battle of the war resulting in 25,000 casualties

Mixed economy

Combining private and public enterprise. U.S. and France Protects private property and allows a level of economic freedom but also allows gov't to interfere in economic activities

Lewis And Clark Expedition

Commissioned by Thomas Jefferson, shortly after the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Supplied a great amount of detail for the map of northwestern U.S (which was sparse up until that time). Kept journals of their discoveries which Sacagawea was able to maintain.

Communist Economy

Communist government owns and control all means of production without any private interest all resources.

Which action contained a controversial fugitive slave provision?

Compromise of 1850 - any runaway slave found in a non-slave state had to be sent back to the south

Legislative Branch

Congress House of Representatives: 2 year term, must be at least 25 years old, 435 members Senate: 6 year term (no term limit), at least 30 years old, each state has 2 seats.

What best explains how intensive agriculture, poor irrigation practices, and overgrazing have affected the environment?

Contributed to desertification in areas

Annexation of Texas

Contributed to the coming of the Mexican American War (1846-1848) Admitted to the union as the 38th state - 1845

Overproduction of agricultural products

Contributed to the decline in prices of farm goods in the late 19th century in the U.S.

Checks and balances

Created to make sure each branch doesn't have too much power.

Russian people's interest in acquiring and wearing American blue jeans is an example of?

Cultural diffusion

acculturation

Cultural modification of people adapting or borrowing traits from another culture

Which of the following would not be considered an example of commodity money? A. Gold B. Shells C. Cigarettes D. A U.S. 50-cent piece

D. A U.S. 50-cent piece

Which of the following would be considered an example of ethnography? A. A comparison of hunter-gatherer societies with more agriculturally-based societies B. Highlighting the religious differences between Israel and Palestine C. Contrasting funereal customs in Western Europe and Eastern Asia D. An in-depth study of the Sioux Native American tribe during the 19th century

D. An in-depth study of the Sioux Native American tribe during the 19th century

Which of the following Native American cultures is known for its complex temples and pyramids and its cultivation of maize? A. Mohican B. Pequot C. Hopi D. Aztec

D. Aztec

The relative scarcity of arable land in China led to which of the following patterns in Chinese social life? A. Extensive low-intensity agriculture with an emphasis on grazing animals B. Equal population density across all zones and assignment of the right to inherit land to the first-born child C. Limited agricultural surplus and difficulty in sustaining large-scale states D. Early development of intensive agricultural cultivation techniques

D. Early development of intensive agricultural cultivation techniques

The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union never included which of the following? A. A nuclear arms race B. Technological competition C. Appeals to neutral nations D. Engagement in a major military battle

D. Engagement in a major military battle

Which of the following groups was declared free by the Emancipation Proclamation? A. Enslaved people who had escaped to western territories B. Enslaved people who lived in border states C. Enslaved people who served in the federal army D. Enslaved people who lived in areas still in rebellion

D. Enslaved people who lived in areas still in rebellion

Which of the following was not a major factor leading to the American Revolution? A. The forced quartering of British soldiers in colonial households B. Excessive tariffs C. The "Intolerable Acts" D. Failure of the British government to offer protection against the French

D. Failure of the British government to offer protection against the French

Which of the following would not be considered a man-made resource? A. Plastic B. Steel C. Bleach D. Fossil fuels

D. Fossil fuels

Who is credited with mastering the assembly line? A. John D. Rockefeller B. Andrew Carnegie C. Andrew Mellon D. Henry Ford

D. Henry Ford

Maria is conducting a survey to determine what percentage of her county's population is made up of tax preparers. She goes to the local mall on a typical Tuesday morning in early April and surveys the first ten people she encounters, none of whom are tax preparers. From the data, she determines that 0% of her county's population works as tax preparers. She realizes this must be incorrect, but isn't sure why. How might you best describe the problem with Maria's survey? A. Her sample was too limited. B. Her sample was skewed. C. Her sample was too limited and her data range was skewed by statistical outliers. D. Her sample was too limited and was not a random and representative population.

D. Her sample was too limited and was not a random and representative population

Which of the following geographic factors did not play a role in both Napoleon and Hitler's failure to invade Russia? A. A very poor road network B. Inclement weather C. A very poor agricultural base D. Lack of natural drinking water

D. Lack of natural drinking water

Which of the following best explains the economic depression Germany experienced following the First World War? A. The number of labor union members increased across the country. B. Banks offered low-interest loans to help rebuild homes. C. The government implemented regulations to help improve worker safety. D. Mandatory reparations caused massive inflation in the country.

D. Mandatory reparations caused massive inflation in the country.

Which of the following would not be considered a distinct region within one of the world's continents? A. Northern Africa B. The Caribbean C. Eastern Europe D. North America

D. North America

What is the standard term length for a United States senator? A. Two years B. Three years C. Four years D. Six years

D. Six years

Which of the following was not a contributing factor to The Great Depression? A. Income disparity between classes B. Large debt increases C. The decline of agriculture D. Slowed production levels

D. Slowed production levels

During the early exploration of North America, which of the following was not something introduced to the New World by Europeans? A. Small pox B. Horses C. Christianity D. Syphilis

D. Syphilis

Which of the following events is recognized as the end of the American Civil War? A. The second Battle of Bull Run B. The election of Abraham Lincoln C. The secession of South Carolina D. The Battle of Appomattox Court House

D. The Battle of Appomattox Court House

Which of the following exemplifies the Constitution's federalist structure? A. The separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches B. The Full Faith and Credit clause of Article IV of the Constitution C. The Supremacy clause of Article VI of the Constitution D. The Tenth Amendment's division of power between national and state governments

D. The Tenth Amendment's division of power between national and state governments

Which of the following is an effect of the Gulf Stream? A. North America is significantly dryer and colder than it otherwise would be. B. The North Atlantic has the most unstable weather of any ocean on Earth. C. Travel time for ships and aircraft is much shorter from Europe to North America than from North America to Europe. D. The climate of Western Europe is significantly warmer and milder than it otherwise would be.

D. The climate of Western Europe is significantly warmer and milder than it otherwise would be.

Which of the following most contributed to the expansion of the Roman Empire under Emperor Augustus? A. The collection of taxes from conquered areas B. The appointment of public officials to the government C. The toleration of monotheism in conquered lands D. The establishment of an organized military system

D. The establishment of an organized military system

Which of the following contributed to the development of both ancient China and Rome? A. The building of large universities B. The printing of paper currency C. The practice of representative government D. The establishment of trade centers

D. The establishment of trade centers

Which of the following actions led to United States involvement in the First World War? A. The bombing of naval bases in the Pacific B. The surrender of military forces from Russia C. The invasion of neutral territories by Germany D. The use of submarine warfare in the Atlantic

D. The use of submarine warfare in the Atlantic

During the late nineteenth century, in which of the following ways did churches in the United States respond to the social problems resulting from the industrialism of the previous decades? A. They aligned themselves with and financed the political agendas of organized labor. B. They lobbied Congress to pass laws guaranteeing social security for all citizens. C. They subsidized efforts to build small homes for the working poor. D. They built and maintained mission schools, orphanages, and homes for the aged.

D. They built and maintained mission schools, orphanages, and homes for the aged.

Which of the following is a responsibility of a citizen of the United States? A. Participating in a protest B. Starting a business C. Attending a university D. Volunteering in a community

D. Volunteering in a community

Which of the following is not considered one of the main causes of World War I? A. Tension over the competition for colonies B. Ethnic groups such as Poles and Czechs hoping for nations of their own C. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria D. Widespread poverty in parts of Europe

D. Widespread poverty in parts of Europe

According to the Constitution, which of the following does NOT describe a purpose of the U.S. gov't? A. regulating voting and elections in the U.S. B. providing public services to the people of the U.S. C. maintaining defense for the U.S. and its citizens D. establishing democratic governments abroad

D. establishing democratic governments abroad

In 1920 the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed in order to A. establish the right to a trial by jury B. abolish slavery C. guarantee freedom of speech D. guarantee women the right to vote

D. guarantee women the right to vote

According to most historians, the first non-native people to explore the North American mainland were ____________. A. the English, led by John Cabot B. the Spanish, led by Christopher Columbus C. the Portuguese, led by Pedro Alvares Cabral D. the Vikings, led by Leif Ericson

D. the Vikings, led by Leif Ericson

Which of the following best describes why a democratic government regulates the economy? A.)To guarantee fair elections B.)To protect civil rights C.)To provide federal jobs D.)To ensure financial stability

D.)To ensure financial stability

Which of the following describes a physical characteristic that a developer would use when planning a residential community? A.Evaluating the quality of local schools B.Assessing the median income of the surrounding communities C.Calculating the potential growth of neighboring businesses D.Analyzing the proximity to flood zones

D.Analyzing the proximity to flood zones

Sixteenth-century European explorers sought to discover alternative trade routes to which of the following? A.Australia B.North Africa C.South America D.Asia

D.Asia

Which of the following actions is the direct result of how humans impact the environment? A.Erosion B.Earthquake C.Mudslide D.Deforestation

D.Deforestation

Which of the following would most contribute to an entrepreneur's success? A.Tariffs and exports B.Labor and exports C.Capital and tariffs D.Labor and capital

D.Labor and capital

Which of the following topics is most related to the Roman "Twelve Tables"? A.Art B.Architecture C.Philosophy D.Law

D.Law

Which of the following best describes why the Amazon Basin is considered a region? A.The tributaries of the Amazon River drain into the Atlantic Ocean. B.The indigenous people living in the Amazon rain forest speak the same language. C.Seasonal rainfall in the Amazon rain forest is consistent throughout the year. D.Physical characteristics are influenced by the tributaries of the Amazon River.

D.Physical characteristics are influenced by the tributaries of the Amazon River.

Which of the following events resulted in the United States gaining control of the Philippines? A.The Vietnam War B.World War I C.The Korean War D.Spanish-American War

D.Spanish-American War

Which entrepreneur is most associated with the information revolution that developed in Silicon Valley? A.Malcolm Stevenson Forbes, Jr. B.Thomas Alva Edison C.Alexander Graham Bell D.Steven Paul Jobs

D.Steven Paul Jobs

Which of the following describes one outcome of the Battle of Saratoga? A.The British government gave the colonists equal representation in Parliament. B.The colonists formed a military alliance with Mexico against the British. C.The battle immediately led to the surrender of all British forces in the American colonies. D.The American victory convinced France to form a military alliance with the colonists.

D.The American victory convinced France to form a military alliance with the colonists.

"The Conventions of a number of the States having at the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added." (1789) Which of the following documents resolved the issue described by this excerpt? A.The Federalist papers B.The Articles of Confederation C.The Annals of Congress D.The Bill of Rights

D.The Bill of Rights

Which of the following was written to raise public support for the ratification of the United States Constitution? A.The South Carolina Exposition B.The Articles of Confederation C.The Virginia Declaration of Rights D.The Federalist Papers

D.The Federalist Papers (The Federalist papers were series of 85 essays written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay urging the citizens of New York to ratify the new United States Constitution)

Which of the following events contributed to the outbreak of the Spanish-American War? A.Interception of the Zimmermann telegram B.Bombing of a United States naval base C.A naval confrontation in the Gulf of Tonkin D.The sinking of a United States battleship

D.The sinking of a United States battleship

Boston Tea Party

December 16, 1773 Samuel Adams and the sons of Liberty boarded 3 ships in Boston Harbor and threw 342 chest of tea overboard. This resulted in the punitive coercive. Acts in 1774 and push 2 sides closer to war.

10th Amendment

Define the balance of power between the federal government and the states.

What describes the compromise over slavery that the delegates agreed upon during the Constitutional Convention?

Delegates agreed on how slaves would be counted in the census

Thematic Map

Designed to show a particular theme connected with a specific area. (Think how many African Americans live in NJ and is represented by the color green)

responsibility of legislative branch

Drafts proposed laws Confirms/rejects presidential nominations for heads of federal agencies, federal judges, and the Supreme court, and has the authority to declare war 2 senators from each state

Scarcity of arable land in China led to what pattern in Chinese social life?

Early development of agricultural cultivation techniques

End of Reconstruction

Election of 1876 brought the Radical Republicans a loss of power and Northerners were tired of Reconstruction and wanted to forget the Civil War.

Constantine

Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337)

What is one way the government can promote competition?

Enacting and enforcing antitrust legislation

Contributed most to the expansion of the Roman Empire under Emperor Augustus

Establishment of an organized military system

Contained in the Constitution but not in the Articles of Confederation

Establishment of the executive branch There was a president, but he just had a role within the Congress

Contributed to establishment of ancient China and Rome

Establishments of trade centers

The Slave Trade

European trade agreement with Africa dealing with slaves brought from Africa. Integral part of Triangle Trade between the Americas, Africa, and Europe.

The Roman Empire

Existed from 27 BCE to about 400 CE. Conquered entire Mediterranean coast and most of Europe. Ruled by an emperor. Eventually oversaw the rise and spread of Christianity.

United Nations

Facilitates cooperation in international law, security, and international rights. Founded after WWII to replace the League of Nations

Bill of Rights

First 10 amendments to the constitution. It spells out Americans' rights in relationship to their government. Guarantees civil rights and liberties to the individual - like freedom of speech, press, and religion.

John Hancock

First and largest signature of the declaration of independence

Meteorological Map

Forecast, weather map (think about watching the news for the weather and the different maps presented)

Massachusetts

Founded by people who escaped religious persecution in England Engaged in farming, fishing, and whaling Led by John Winthrop

Alien Act and Sedition Acts

Four laws passed by the federal congress and signed by Adams in 1778 The first 2 were enacted in response to XYZ Affair and targeted French and Irish immigrants Sedition Act tried to silent democratic-republican opposers

1st Amendment

Freedom of Religion Freedom of Speech Freedom of Assembly Freedom to appeal to government for relief

What rights did Thomas Jefferson believe John Adams violated when he signed the Alien and Sedition Acts into law?

Freedom of press

Founding Fathers

GBT JSJ P George Washington Ben Franklin Thomas Paine John Adams Samuel Adams James Madison Patrick Henry

Treaty of paris

Gave the English control of Canada and the French areas east of the Mississippi River

Gettysburg Address

Given by President Lincoln, during the Civil War, for the dedication of the Soldier's National Cemetery

Ideology of the Confederacy

Goal was to secure independence from the North and to establish an independent nation free from Northern political oppression and the repression of slavery. The War from beginning to end would be a noble crusade for democracy for white people.

European motivations for exploration of North America

God, Gold, & Glory. Also, to make colonies with religious freedom (sort of), and/or to make profits.

autocracy

Gov't by a single person with unlimited power.

Command economy

Government has the most control of the country's resources The means of production and resources are owned by the gov't

16th amendment

Government to collect income tax

Battle of Vicksburg

Great victory for the Union. It gave control of the Mississippi River to the Union These two victories marked the major turning point of the Civil War in the favor of the Union. 1863

How humans change the environment

Habitat destruction introduce non-native species acid rain pollution

Greece

Held first Olympics Polytheistic - believed in many gods Practiced direct democracy

Nelson Mandela

Helped end the systems of Apartheid of South America

freeman's bureau

Helped poor people of all races to find relief, land, job, and education.

Main religions in Nepal

Hinduism and Buddhism

Plessy v. Ferguson

Homer Plessy, an African American, refused to sit in a Jim Crow car, breaking a Louisiana Law.

How environment changes humans

Ice ages natural disasters floods weather climate,

What did Thomas Malthus theorize?

If left unchecked, a population will exhaust its available resources, resulting in naturally occurring checks on the population, such as famine, disease, and war.

Indentured Servants

Immigrants who received passage to America in exchange for a fixed term of labor

Why are straits important?

Important because: Whoever controls a strait is likely to control the sea and shipping routes of entire region. They are also difficult to navigate.

Contributed to the Southern states succeeding from the Union

Inauguration of Abe Lincoln

A local clothing store offers customers fifty percent off the price of all inventory items. What economic terms best describes this example?

Incentive - customer is being motivated to shop at the store

Effects of Industrialization

Increased Population Increased crime Pollution More jobs Poor working conditions (long hours, low pay) Poor living conditions (tenement houses)

Country that received independence from Great Britain in 1947

India

What countries have claim in Kashmir?

India, Pakistan, and China

Geographically apart of both Europe and Asia. Only city in the world a part of 2 continents

Istanbul - Turkey

Christopher Columbus

Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)

Geography of Peru

Its coastal region is comprised of the desert. The coast of Peru is comprised of 3,000 kilometers of desert.

Goal to have someone land on the moon

JFK

Battle of Bull Run

July 21, 1861. Va. (outside of D.C.) People watched battle. Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson: Confederate general, held his ground and stood in battle like a "stone wall." Union retreated. Confederate victory. Showed that both sides needed training and war would be long and bloody

Alexander the great

King of Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty. Established the largest empire the ancient world had ever seen.

Battle of Yorktown

Last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He was sandwiched between the French navy and the American army. He surrendered October 19, 1781.

Latitude Longitude

Latitude: Horizontal line, North and South of the equator Longitude: Vertical, East and West of the prime meridian Used to find exact location on a map.

Branches of the Government

Legislative Branch Executive Branch Judicial Branch

Shared Powers

Legislative powers not completely separated between the branches of government.

Influence of Magna Carta

Magna Carta has been the most significant early influence on the extensive historical process that led to the rule of constitutional law today in the English speaking world and France. Magna Carta influenced the development of the common law and many constitutional documents, including the United States Constitution.

Established as a haven for English Catholics

Maryland

New England Colonies

Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire

What events took place as a result of the Indian Removal Act of 1830?

Member of Cherokee Nation were forced to move to western U.S. Had to relocate in 1838 and 1839 Migration that is known as Trail of Tears

Greatest frequency of tornadoes

Midwest

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

Military Alliance

Miranda V. Arizona

Miranda rights- never given a full and effective warning of his rights

Major Rivers

Mississippi: flows from North Western Minnesota to New Orleans. 3rd largest in the world. Largest in the US Amazon: Largest river in the world by volume Mackenzie: Longest in Canada. 2nd longest in US

What was a major advantage that the South had over the North in the Civil War?

More experienced generals to lead their troops. Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson

Time zone between California and Texas

Mountain

Oregon Treaty

Negotiation of the border between Oregon and Canada; Americans wanted it at 54º40' eventually was put at the 49th parallel

World after WWI

New technology Medical innovation Financial hardship Role of women Reshaping of politics

Region where Islam is the predominant religion

Northern Africa

Mapp V. Ohio

Occurred in Cleveland, Ohio when police entered Mapp's home without a search warrant violating her 4th Amendment rights Search warrant, evidence unlawfully, 4th amendment

Constitutional Convention of 1787

Offered by James Madison determining a states representation in the US House of Representatives. The issue of how to count slaves split delegates into 2 groups. Northerners regarded slaves as property, Southerners demanded Blacks be counted w/ whites.

Treaty Of Versailles

One of the peace treaties at the end of WWI. It ended the state war between Germany and Allied Powers. Signed on June 28, 1919. War Guilt.

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Ordered the removal of Indian Tribes still residing east of the Mississippi to newly established Indian Territory west of Arkansas and Missouri those resisting eviction were forcibly removed by American forces, often after prolonged legal or military battles.

Traditional Market

Original economic system which traditions, customs, and beliefs, shape goods and services the economy produces. Relies on hunting, fishing, agriculture.

Where was the highest proportion of German settlers in the colonial period?

Pennsylvania

"Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law, for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the Negro group. . . . Any language in contrary to this finding is rejected. We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." Earl Warren, chief justice of the United States Supreme Court Which of the following court cases did this ruling overturn?

Plessy V. Ferguson The Brown V. Board of Ed. Overturned the Plessy v Ferguson ruling, declaring "separate but equal" to be unconstitutional

Civil Rights

Policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals.

New Deal

President Franklin D. Roosevelt series of domestic programs enacted in the US between 1933-1938 due to the effect of The Great Depression on 1929

Monroe Doctrine

President James Monroe declared that any intervention made by other countries in North or South America politics are viewed as hostile acts against America.

Emancipation Proclamation

President Lincoln issued the proclamation freeing all slaves in Rebel states. Gave North a new moral purpose for war.

Woodrow Wilson

President during WWI

James K. Polk

President during the Mexican-American War

James Madison

President during the War of 1812

Executive Branch

President, VP, Federal Government Largest Branch of government

Free Market

Prices are determined by unrestricted competition between privately owned businesses. Supply & demand with little to no government control

cultural adaptation

Process and time it takes for a person to integrate into a new culture and feel comfortable

Assembly Line

Production method that breaks down a complex job into a series of smaller tasks

Capitalism

Production privately owned Free Market determines prices Profit goes to owners/investors of business US Economic System

immigration act 1924

Prohibited immigration from Asia (through quotas) but favored people. coming from Western or Northern Europe.

Virginia Plan

Proposal to create a strong national government

The Albany Plan of the Union

Proposed by Benjamin Franklin to create a unified government, uniting all 13 colonies and providing for their mutual defense.

What is a shared power between state and federal governments?

Raise and levy taxes

Radical Reconstruction

Reconstruction strategy that was based on severely punishing South for causing war

Business Cycle

Recovery Prosperity Recession Depression

Why is Ukraine known as the breadbasket of Europe?

Rich dark soil and vast fields of wheat.

5th Amendment

Right to a fair and speedy trial

2nd Amendment

Right to bear arms

End of Civil War: Battle of Appomattox Courthouse

Robert E. Lee Surrenders April 9, 1865 Final engagement of Confederate Army general Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia before it surrendered to the union Army under Lt. General Ulysses S. Grant.

In what nation did the conflict of the Hutu and the Tutsi take place?

Rwanda

An agricultural town experiences a drought and is not able to produce as many crops as it typically does. As a result, the farmers are unable to provide grocery stores the amount of products they had promised. Which of the following economic situations does the scenario create?

Scarcity

Nature of Government

Secret of good government is "balanced government" because as long as no faction could seize complete control of government, tyranny could be avoided.

Lewis and Clark expedition

Settled in the East and moved to the West. Followed the Louisiana Purchase. Sent to explore the new territory gained by the Louisiana Purchase to create maps and to see if a direct water route to the Pacific Ocean can be found.

Region that is a vast, cold, dry region of eastern Russia

Siberia- Russian province encompassing most of northern Asia Extremely cold winters and low precipitation

Responsibility of the executive branch

Signing proposed bills into law It is the responsibility of the president to sign bills into law. Elected every 4 years

Money/Currency

Something that is used to buy and sell resources, goods, or services.

Early Civil War Battles

South won

The destruction of the USS Maine led to?

Spanish-American War

Best example of how humans impact topography?

Strip-mining an area for minerals Removes large sections of land from an area Can remove tops of mountains

Dred Scott V Sandford

Supreme Court decided that African Americans, whether enslaved or free, were not citizens of the US and therefore did not have the right to sue in the federal court

Judicial Branch

Supreme Court: interprets the constitution, acts as a check to other branches 11 Federal Court Districts under the Supreme Court

Reasons for Declaration of Independence

Tariffs, Lack of representation, quartering of British soldiers, Boston Massacre, the Intolerable Acts

Spain

The 1st European nation to colonize southwestern U.S.

What explains why Russia withdrew from the First World War?

The Bolshevik Revolution started Caused them to pull out of the war in 1917

Why was the expansion of the American colonies limited under British law?

The Proclamation of 1763 prevented the colonists from migrating west. Forbade settlement west of Appalachian Mountains. Refused to provide protection for colonists settling in these areas.

Compares 2 ancient civilizations

The Sumerian civilization used cuneiform and the Egyptians used hieroglyphics.

Effect of Gulf Stream

The climate of western Europe is significantly warmer and milder than it otherwise would be

What was a reaction by the American public to tensions created by the Cold War?

The construction of private bomb shelters - this happened out of fear of nuclear attack during the Cold War.

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.

Jamestown

The first permanent English settlement in North America, found in East Virginia

What is a key component in determining the economic growth of a country?

The per capita national output

The Roman Republic

The period from 507 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate.

Human Migration

The physical movement by humans from one area to another, sometimes over long distances or in large groups.

WWI

The use of Submarine Warfare in the Atlantic. Major reason US declared war on Germany.

American Revolutionary War

The war in which American colonists fought for independence from Great Britain.

Which President was closely associated with the environment?

Theodore Roosevelt

Immigration during Industrial Revolution

There were people form GB, Ireland, Spain, Italy, who came over to USA to escape the conflict in Europe, looking for a way to follow the American Dream. When they got here, they immediately got an opportunity to work in the North in factories.

What statement best describes indentured servants during the American colonial period?

They obtained their freedom once their contract was completed. Typically served for 7 years. Received their freedom and a plot of land.

Alien Act

This law gave the president the power to imprison or send aliens out of the country

responsibility of judicial branch

To interpret the laws of the nation Composed of federal and state courts and the judges who preside in these courts Purpose is to interpret laws and make rulings on legal questions - decides if law is constitutional Appointed by the president 9 justices

Civil War

Total war Union is perpetual vs. liberty before union Began w/ bombardment of Fort Sumter Lee surrendered at Appotomax 600k casualties total Legacy expanded federal power and destroyed agrarian south

Istanbul

Turkey's largest city

Battle of Gettysburg

Turning point of the War that made it clear the North would win 50k people died, and the South lost its chance to invade the North.

Four Levels of Cultural Complexity

Unconscious incompetence - blissful ignorance Conscious incompetence - you realize that there are some things you don't understand Conscious competence - you are much more aware of how your behavior is coming across to the local people Unconscious competence - culturally appropriate behavior is now second nature to you

Led to U.S. involvement in WWI

Use of submarine warfare in the Atlantic

Most common geological threats to Mexico

Volcanoes and earth quakes

What is required for someone to cast their ballot in any federal election in the U.S.?

Voter registration

Following the Civil War, poll taxes were primarily used in the South to deny access to what?

Voting

Responsibilites of Citizens

Voting Pay Taxes

Holy Experiment

William Penn's term for an Ideal Government

What helped many homesteaders to establish farms on the Great Plains during the eighteen hundreds?

Windmills to pump for irrigation

What best describes one result of the introduction of robotics into manufacturing centers?

Workers will need to be retrained to perform their jobs. Reduced the need of humans, which results in them retraining for different jobs

Inflation

a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.

Federalism

a system of gov't in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political unit.

Command Market

a system where the gov't rather than free market determines what goods that should be produced, at how much and price at which goods will offered for sale.

Alien Enemy Act

allowed for the arrest and deportation of citizens of countries at war with the US

supply and demand

an economic concept that states that the price of a good rises and falls depending on how many people want it (demand) and depending on how much of the good is available (supply)

Confederation

an organization that consists of a number of parties or groups united in an alliance or league.

Political Map

are designed to show gov't boundaries of countries, states, counties, location of cities (think of a map one would see inside of a classroom)

Embargo Act

banned traded with all of Europe Devastated the U.S. economy

the aim of culture

concerned with the individuals beliefs, social values, skills, traditions and behavioral patterns

Causes of the Great Depression

credit buying, overproduction, less consumer spending, falling stocks

The Ring of Fire is known for?

earthquakes and active volcanoes high level of seismic activity

Responsible for changing the cultural landscape of the American west in the 19th century

expansion of railroad

Acculturation

explains the process of cultural change and psychological change that results from following meeting between cultures

local government

government on the county, parish, city, town, village, or district level

Tropic of Cancer

imaginary line of latitude 23 south of the equator.

Intolerable Acts

in response to Boston Tea Party, 4 acts passed in 1774: Port of Boston closed Reduced power of assemblies in colonies Permitted royal officers to be tried elsewhere Provided for quartering of troop's in barns and empty houses

Major effect of New Deal

increased fed. government spending

Thomas Hobbes

influenced the writing of the Constitution because he believed that No order exists in a state of nature, and therefore people need to surrender some of their power and form a government to create order. Ideas are portrayed in his book, Leviathan.

Caste System

is a class structure that is determine by birth. So if your parents are poor, you are. If your parents are rich, you are. Children inherit caste of their father. Rare for a rich man to marry a poor women back in times.

Socialization

is the process through which we learn or are trained to be members of society to take part in new social situations, or to participate in group settings.

Scarcity and Choice

limited goods and services, nothing freely available, restricts options and forces decision

Charles Lindbergh

made first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927

Sedition Act

made it a crime to write, print, utter, or publish criticism of the president of government

Free Market

market based economy, where prices for goods and services are free-set by forces of supply & demand, without intervention by government policy.

railroad system

most responsible for changing the cultural landscape of the American West in the late nineteenth century

The Civil Rights Movement

movement in the United States beginning in the 1960s and led primarily by Blacks in an effort to establish the civil rights of individual Black citizens

Strait

narrow body of water between two land masses

Scarcity of Resources

only a limited amount of resources available to produce the unlimited amount of goods and services we desire. You must make a choice.

Political Parties

organization that tries to influence gov. policy by promoting its ideas and backing candidates for office

Abraham Lincoln

president during the civil war

Check & Balances

principle under government which separates branches are empower to prevent actions by others and share power.

Cultural Adaptation

refers to the process and time it takes a person to assimilate to a new culture

Resources: Renewable

resources that can be replenish (animals and plants)

Resources: Non-Renewable

resources that can only be used in one supply (minerals, oils, gases)

Resources: Flow/Natural

resources that must be used when, where, and as they occur (water, sunlight, wind)

New England colonies were

rocky and cold

Manifest Destiny

the 19th-century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable.

Cultural Diversity

the EXISTENCE of a variety of cultures or ethnic groups within society

Comparative Advantage

the ability of an individual or group to carry out a particular economic activity, such as making a specific product more efficiently than another activity. (Think Apple making an iPod and Microsoft trying to make Apple's same exact iPod)

Economic Growth

the ability of the economy to increase the production of goods and services

Supply and Demand

the amount of commodity, product, or service available and the desire of buyers for it. Supply Up, Price Down....Supply Down, Price Up

Opportunity Cost

the cost of doing one thing is the value of what else you could be doing.

goods and services

the objects (goods) and the actions (services) that people value and produce to satisfy human wants

State Government

the organization through which political authority is exercised at the state level, government of a specific state

Reconstruction

the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union

Globilization

the process in which countries are increasingly linked to each other through culture and trade

Cultural Diffusion

the spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.

two meanings of culture

to care about to take care of

Purpose of Government

to protect those natural rights that the individual cannot effectively protect in a state of nature

What drove interaction between the Roman and Han empires?

trade in luxury goods

Balanced Economy

when the government spends as much money on the budget as it gains.

anarchy

when there is no government

John Locke

wrote the Second Treatise of Gov't.