PreAP World Geography South America Chap. 9
predominant
main or most common
llanos and pampas
narrow coastal lowlands along the Atlantic and Pacific that provide good grazing for cattle driven by llaneros or gauchos. Pampas is known as a breadbasket for wheat and corn.
Where are tierra templada, tierra fria, tierra helada, and puna located in South America?
templada - Peru, Brazil, Colombia fria - Andes, Peru, and Bolivia helada - Andes puna (highest) - Andes
silver and gold
____________ and __________ were important resources in the Inca culture.
phenomemon
a fact or event of scientific interest that can be scientifically explained or described
What are the dry coastal areas along the Pacific coast of Chile and Peru called?
Atacama Some area have no recorded rain. They do have a very dense fog called camanchaca.
The Amazon River starts in the Peruvian Andes and goes to the Atlantic. It is the 2nd longest river in the world and longest in the Western Hemisphere.
4000 miles long and it drains 2 million square miles
escarpment
An area with a steep slope.
What lakes are important?
Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela and Lake Titicaca which is the world's highest large lake.
With Military backing and caudillos or dictators
How did South America seize power in the 19th century?
Attracted- Isolated-
How has South America's rugged landscape both attracted and isolated people?
These were inspired by the French and American Revolution and by the independence of Mexico and the Caribbean.
In the 1800's independece movements arose in South America. Why?
Irrigation systems
Inca Farmers cut terraces into the slopes of the of the Andes Mountains and built _____________.
Patagonia is also in Chile and has valleys, glaciers, and fjords. What causes this landscape?
Patagonia is located on the Ring of Fire. Despite the tectonic activity and natural disaster, people live there for the good volcanic soil and agriculture and cooler climate.
Vertical climate zones are in South America and Central America.
South America has climates ranging from steamy rain forests to arid deserts.
The blending among hundreds of indigenous groups. These groups are Europeans, Africans and Asians
South American's diverse population is the result of centuries of ________________?
cordilleras
The Andes consists of ____________ which are groups of several mountain ranges that run parallel to one another.
altiplano-high plain
The Andes encircle the _____________ which means high plain. It includes Peru and Bolivia.
What causes the rain shadow over Patagonia in southern Argentina?
The Andes to the west causes Patagonia to be dry, barren and windy.
The Rocky Mountains
The Cordilleras mountain range are an extension of the ______________ mountains that run from Canada to Western U.S. into Mexico and Central America.
The western side of South America is more high peaks. What is the eastern side?
The eastern side of South America is more broad plateaus and valleys. The Amazon Basin, Mato Grosso Plateau, and grasslands. Most in Brazil live along the coast because of its escarpment
diseases and intensive labor
The effects of epidemics caused by _____________ introduced by the Europeans and the hardships of intensive ___________ on colonial plantations drastically reduced the indigenous population.
What does El Nino do?
This phenomenon creates unusually warm weather and affects fishing and agriculture.
enslaved Africans
To meet the resulting labor shortage, European colonists improved ___________ ____________.
What country has most of the oil reserves?
Venezuela but there are other minerals as well in Peru, Colombia and Chile.
dictators
What are caudillos?
Silver, gold and the wealth of the farmers of the Inca Empire
What attracted the Spanish Conquistadors to Peru?
The Isthmus of Panama
What connects North America to South America?
The Andes
What is the world's longest mountain chain located in South America? It is also the second-largest mountain plateau in the world.
The Atacama Desert
Where in South America is the driest place in the world?
estuary
Where the ocean meets a river current like at the Rio de la Plata (River of Silver).
Simón Bolivar of Venezuela and José de San Marin of Argentina
Who led South America to victory and help them win their independence?
They often gained power illegally and with much bloodshed among civilians. Dictatorships have given way to democratically elected governments across South America.
Why wasn't the caudillos or dictators much help?
quipus
With no Inca written language, knowledge was passed on to each generation through storytelling. The Inca used ____________ to account for financial and historical records.
What climate dominates eastern South America?
tropical wet rain forests and tropical wet/dry savannas like in Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia, Suriname and French Guinan. It is the world's wettest plane.