prep u chapter 51 diabetes

A client with type 1 diabetes has a highly elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb) test result. In discussing the result with the clietn, the nurse is most accurate is stating:

"it tells us about your sugar control for the last 3 months"

A nurse knows to assess a patient with type 1 diabetes for postprandial hyperglycemia. The nurse knows that glycosuria is present when the serum glucose exceeds:

180 mg/dl

A nurse is teaching a diabetic support group about the causes of type 1 diabetes the teaching is determined to be effective when the group is able to attribute which factor as a cause of the 1 diabetes?

Presence of autoantibodies against islet cells

Lispro (humalog) is an example of what type of insulin?

Rapid-acting

A client with diabetes mellitus has a prescription for 5 units of u-100 regular insulin and 25 units of U-100 isoprene insulin suspension (NPH) to be taken before breakfast. At about 4:30 p.m., the client experiences HA, sweating, tremor, pallor, and nerrvousnes. What is the most probable cause of this s/sx?

Serum glucose level of 52 mg/dl

A 16 year old client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes has a very low body width despite eating regular meals. The client is upset bc fiend frequently stay,

"you look anorexic". Which statement by the nurse would be the best response to help this client understand the causes of weight loss due to this condition? "your body is using protein and fat for energy instead fo glucose"

A newly admitted client with type 1 diabetes asks the nurse what caused her diabetes. When the nurse is explain to the client the etiology of type diabetes, what process should the nurse describe?

"destruction of special cells in the pancreas causes a decrease in insulin production. Glucose levels rise because insulin normally break it down."

A diabetes educator is teaching a client about type 2 diabetes. The educator recognize that the client understands the primary treatment for type 2 diabetes when the client states what?

"i will make sure to follow the weight loss plan designed by the dietitian"

A client with diabetes mellitus has good glucose level of 40 mg/dl. Which rapidly absorbed carbohydrate would be most effective?

1/2 cup fruit juice or regular soft drink

An agitated, confused client arrives in the ED. A stat blood glucose sample measures 42 mg/dl, and the client is treated for an acute hypoglycemic reaction. After recovery, the nuse teaches the client to to teat hypoglycemia by ingesting:

10 to 15 g of simple carbohydrate

The Lowest fasting plasma glucose level suggestive of a diagnosis fo diabetes is:

115 mg/dl

A diabetes nurse educator is presenting current recommendations for levels of caloric intake. What should the nurse describe?

50% to 60% fo calories from carbohydrates, 20% to 30% from fat, and there remaining 10% to 20% from protein

A client has been diagnosed with prediabetes and discusses treatment strategies with the nurse what can be the consequences of untreated prediabetes?

All options are correct

A client has received a diagnosis fo type 2 diabetes. The diabetes nurse has made contact with the client and will implement a program of health education. What is the nurses priority action?

Assess the clients readiness to learn

A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus is seeing the nurse to review foot care. What would be a priority instruction for the nurse to give the client?

Avoid hot wet bottles and heating pads

Which clinic characteristic is associated with type 2 diabetes (previously referred to as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus)?

Blood glucose can be controlled though diet and exercise

A visiting nurse is setting up an insulin schedule for an older adult who has diabetes mellitus. What should the nurse consider when determine the dosing time?

Clients eating and sleeping habits

A diabetes nurse educator is teaching a group of clients with type 1 diabetes about "sick day rules." What guideline applies to periods of illness in a diabetic client?

Do not eliminate insulin when nauseated and vomiting

Which information should be included in the teaching plan for a client receiving glargine, a "peakless" basal insulin?

Do not mix with other insulins

A nurse is providing health education to an adolescent newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus and her family. The nurse teaches the client and family the twhat nonpharmacologic measures will decrease the body need for insulin?

Exercise

A student with diabetes tells the school nurse that he is feeling nervous and hungry. The nurse assess the child and finds he has tachycardia and diaphoretic with a blood glucose level of 50. What should the school nurse administer?

Half a cup of juice, followed by cheese and crackers

A client with type 1 diabetes asks the nurse about taking an oral anti diabetic agent. The nurse explains that these medications are effective only if the client:

Has type 2 diabetes

A client with diabetes mellitus is receiving an oral diabetic agent. The nurse observes for what symptom when caring for this client?

Hypoglycemia

Exercise lowers blood glucose levels. Which of the following are the physiologic reasons that explains this statement. Select all that apply.

Increase lean muscle mass, increase resting metabolic rate as muscle size increases, Decreases total cholesterol, increases glucose uptake by body muscles

A nurse is assessing a client whois receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which finding suggest that the client has developed hyperglycemia?

Increased urine output

A nurse explains to a client that she will administer his 1st insulin dose in his abdomen. How does absorption at the abdominal site compare with absorption at other sites?

Insulin is absorbed more rapidly at abdominal injection sites that at other sites

Which type of insulin acts most quickly

Lispro

A patient who is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes would be expected to:

Need exogenous insulin

A client has been recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, and reports continued weight loss despite increased hunger and food consumption. This condition is called:

Polyphagia

The nurse is administering an insulin drip to a patient in ketoacidosis. Which insulin does the nurse know is the only one that can be used intravenously?

Regular

The nurse must monitor the clients blood glucose levels hourly and watch for which early signs and sx associated with hypoglycemia?

Sweating, tremors, and tachycardia

A nurse educator has been invited to speak with a group of parents about type 2 diabetes in children. The nurse should emphasize:

The cold of obesity in causing diabetes

A pregnant women has been diagnosed with gestational diabetes. The client is shocked. The nurse explains that gestational diabetes is a result of what etiology factor?

The effects of hormonal changes during pregnancy

A client with type 2 diabetes has recently been prescribed acarbose, and the nurse explains how to take this medication. Which is effective teaching with client?

"i will take this medication in the morning, with my first bite of breakfast."

A diabetic educator is discussing "sick day rules" with a newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic. The educator is aware that the client will require further teaching when the client states that?

"i will not take my insulin on the days when I am sick, but I will certainly check my blood sugar every 2 hours"

The nurse is admin lispro insulin. Based on the onset of action, how long before breakfast should the nurse admin the injection?

10 to 15 minutes

A nurse is caring for a diabetic patient with a diagnosis of nephropathy. What would the nurse expect the urinalysis report to indicate?

Albumin

Which combination of adverse effects should a nurse monitor for when admin IV insulin to a client with diabetic ketoacidosis?

Hypokalemia and hypoglycemia

A client has been brought to the ED by paramedics after bing found unconscious. The clients medic alert bracelet indicates that the client has type 1 diabetes and the clients blood glucose is 22 mg/dl. The use should anticipate what intervention?

IV administration of 50% dextrose in water

A 60 year old client comes to the ED reporting weakness, vision problems, increased thirst, increased urination, and frequent infections that do not seem to heal easily. The physician suspects that the client has diabetes. Which classic sx should the nurse watch for to confirm the diagnosis fo diabetes?

Increased hunger

Why is a by-product of fat breakdown in the absence of insulin and accumulates in the blood and urine?

Ketones

The nurse is preparing to administer intermediate-acting insulin to a patient with diabetes. Which insulin will the nurse administer?

NPH

A patients been newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, and the nurse is assisting with the development of a meal plan. What step should be taken into consideration prior to making the meal plan?

Reviewing the patients diet history to identify eating habits and lifestyle and cultural eating patterns