Prep U: Chapter 65 Managment of patients with oncologic or degenerative neurologic disorders.

The nurse is seeing a client in the oncology outpatient clinic. The client has recently been diagnosed with grade I meningioma. The client asks, "Is there a cure for my condition?" How should the nurse respond?

"For most clients, surgery is an effective treatment for this type of tumor."

The daughter of a patient with Huntington's disease asks the nurse what the risk is of her inheriting the disease. What is the best response by the nurse?

"If one parent has the disorder, there is a 50% chance that you will inherit the disease."

A client who has just been diagnosed with mixed muscular dystrophy asks the nurse about the usual course of this disease. How should the nurse respond?

"You may experience progressive deterioration in all voluntary muscles."

A patient is diagnosed with an intracerebral tumor. The nurse knows that the diagnosis may include which of the following? Select all that apply.

-Astrocytoma -Ependymoma -Medulloblastoma

An acoustic neuroma is a benign tumor of which cranial nerve?

Eighth

The nurse is caring for a client with mid-to-late stage of an inoperable brain tumor. What teaching is important for the nurse to do with this client?

Explaining hospice care and services

The nurse is caring for a client with Parkinson disease (PD). Which finding in the client's medical record will cause the nurse to question giving a prescribed dose of benztropine mesylate?

Narrow-angle glaucoma

Which of the following is a late symptom of spinal cord compression?

Paralysis

A client diagnosed with Huntington's disease has developed severe depression. What would be most important for the nurse to assess for?

Suicidal ideations

The nurse is seeing the mother of a client who states, "I'm so relieved because my son's doctor told me his brain tumor is benign." The nurse knows what is true about benign brain tumors?

They can affect vital functioning.

In which location are most brain angiomas located?

cerebellum

A nurse is conducting a presentation about brain cancer for a local community group. During the presentation, one of the group members asks, "What causes brain tumors?" Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?

"The cause of most brain tumors is still really not known."

A client with a malignant glioma is scheduled for surgery. The client demonstrates a need for additional teaching about the surgery when he states which of the following?

"The surgeon will be able to remove all of the tumor."

The nurse is providing health education to a client recently diagnosed with a brain tumor. During the appointment, the client states, "I'm really worried that I will have a seizure while I am at work or with my kids. Should I be concerned about this?"

"There is a risk for seizures in people who have this diagnosis. What have you already discussed with your primary health care provider regarding management of seizures?"

Which disease includes loss of motor neurons in the anterior horns of the spinal cord and motor nuclei of the lower brain stem?

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A nurse is caring for a client with a pituitary adenoma. Which laboratory test result suggests that a client has a corticotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma?

High corticotropin and high cortisol levels

The nurse is caring for a client who was diagnosed with a glioma 5 months ago. Today, the client was brought to the emergency department by his caregiver because he collapsed at home. The nurse suspects late signs of rising intracranial pressure (ICP) when which blood pressure and pulse readings are noted?

BP = 175/45 mm Hg; HR = 42 bpm

The nurse reviews the patient's drug regimen for treatment of a brain tumor. She explains to the patient why one of the following drugs would not be prescribed, even though it might have therapeutic benefits. Which drug would not be prescribed for this patient?

Coumadin

Which disease is associated with decreased levels of dopamine due to destruction of pigmented neuronal cells?

Parkinson disease

The nurse responds to the call light of a client who has had a cervical discectomy earlier in the day. The client states that she is having severe pain that had a sudden onset. What is the nurse's most appropriate action?

Call the surgeon to report the client's pain.

A client is diagnosed with a brain tumor of the parietal lobe. Based on the tumor's location, which assessment finding would the nurse most likely note? Select all that apply.

-difficulty with reading -problems with mathematical calculations

The nurse is conducting a neurological assessment with a client who has increased intracranial pressure secondary to growth of brain tumor mass. What assessment tools can the nurse use to determine the client's neurological status? Select all that apply.

Glasgow coma scale (GCS) Mini mental status examination (MMSE)

A client is admitted reporting low back pain. How will the nurse best determine if the pain is related to a herniated lumbar disc?

Have the client lie on the back and lift the leg, keeping it straight.

A client is diagnosed with a brain angioma. When teaching the client about the risks associated with this type of brain tumor, the nurse would educate about signs and symptoms associated with which condition?

Hemorrhagic stroke

A nurse is providing care to a client who has been diagnosed with metastatic brain cancer. When developing the client's plan of care, which outcome would the nurse most likely identify?

Improved quality of life

A male client who has undergone a cervical discectomy is being discharged with a cervical collar. Which of the following would be most appropriate to include the client's discharge plan?

Keeping the head in a neutral position

A client is scheduled for a laminectomy to repair a herniated intervertebral disk. When developing the postoperative care plan, the nurse should include which action?

Turning the client from side to side, using the logroll technique

What is the only known risk factor for brain tumors?

Ionizing radiation

A client with a brain tumor experiences projectile vomiting. The nurse integrates understanding of this occurrence as resulting from which of the following?

Irritation of the medullary vagal centers

A nurse helps a patient recently diagnosed with a pituitary adenoma understand that:

Most tumors produce too much of one or more hormones.

A patient with myasthenia gravis is in the hospital for treatment of pneumonia. The patient informs the nurse that it is very important to take pyridostigmine bromide on time. The nurse gets busy and does not administer the medication until after breakfast. What outcome will the patient have related to this late dose?

The muscles will become fatigued and the patient will not be able to chew food or swallow pills.

A nurse is providing care to a client with Parkinson's disease. The nurse understands the client's signs and symptoms are related to a depletion of which of the following?

Dopamine

Which diagnostic is most commonly used for spinal cord compression?

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A client with cerebral metastasis suddenly experiences a seizure for which phenytoin 10 mg/kg intravenously is ordered as an initial loading dose. The client weighs 165 pounds. How many milligrams of phenytoin should the client receive? Enter the number ONLY.

750

The nurse is caring for a client who has been hospitalized for investigation of a sudden change in gait due to loss of balance and coordination. A magnetic resonance imaging scan reveals the client has a brain tumor. On or close to which brain structure is the tumor most likely situated?

Cerebellum

The nurse explains to the client with projectile vomiting and severe headache that a medication is being prescribed to reduced edema surrounding the brain and lessen these symptoms. What medication is the nurse preparing to administer?

Mannitol

A client newly diagnosed with Huntington diease asks for information concerning management of symptoms. Which action would the nurse first take to address this request?

Perform a focused assessment on the client's needs and capabilities.

A patient is diagnosed with an aggressive, primary malignant brain tumor. The nurse is aware that the glioma:

Originated within the brain tissue.

A client with Parkinson's disease is prescribed amantadine hydrochloride 100 mg twice a day. The pharmacy supplies amantadine syrup, because the client has a history of difficulty swallowing tablets. The label reads 50 mg/5 mL. How many milliliters would the nurse administer to the client for each dose? Enter the correct number ONLY.

10

Which client should the nurse assess for degenerative neurologic symptoms?

The client with Huntington disease.

A client comes to the clinic for evaluation because of complaints of dizziness and difficulty walking. Further assessment reveals a staggering gait, marked muscle incoordination, and nystagmus. A brain tumor is suspected. Based on the client's assessment findings, the nurse would suspect that the tumor is located in which area of the brain?

Cerebellum

The nurse identifies a nursing diagnosis of self-care deficit, bathing related to motor impairment and decreased cognitive function for a client with cerebral metastasis. Which outcome would the nurse most likely identify on this client's plan of care?

Client participates in daily hygiene activities with assistive devices.

The nurse is caring for a client hospitalized after a motor vehicle accident. The client has a comorbidity of Parkinson's disease. Why should the nurse closely monitor the condition and the drug regimen of a client with Parkinson's disease?

Drugs administered may cause a wide variety of adverse effects.

A client was undergoing conservative treatment for a herniated nucleus pulposus, at L5 - S1, which was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging. Because of increasing neurologic symptoms, the client undergoes lumbar laminectomy. The nurse should take which step during the immediate postoperative period?

Logroll the client from side to side.

A client with spinal cord compression from a tumor must undergo diagnostic testing. Which of the following is the most likely procedure for this client?

Magnetic resonance imaging

The nurse educator is teaching nursing students about various types of brain tumors. The instructor recognizes that teaching has been effective when students correctly identify a client whose lab work indicates excessively high levels of thyroid stimulating hormone would most likely be diagnosed with which type of tumor?

Pituitary adenoma

After assessing a client who is in postoperative recovery from surgery to resect a brain tumor, the nurse notes the client is at risk for aspiration. Which nursing intervention should be included in the client's postoperative care plan?

Position client side lying with head of bed elevated to 30 degrees

A client with a cerebellar brain tumor is admitted to an acute care facility. The nurse formulates a nursing diagnosis of Risk for injury. Which "related-to" phrase should the nurse add to complete the nursing diagnosis statement?

Related to impaired balance

A client with suspected Parkinson disease is initially being assessed by the nurse. When is the best time to assess for the presence of a tremor?

When the client is resting

The nurse educator is providing orientation to a new group of staff nurses on an oncology unit. Part of the orientation is to help nurses understand the differences between various types of brain tumors. The nurse educator correctly identifies that glioma tumors are classified based on the fact that they originate where in the brain?

Within the brain tissue

What is the most common type of brain neoplasm?

glioma