ch 8 RA
Which of the following are functions of vitamin C?
-Immune system functioning -Collagen synthesis
When taken during pregnancy, excess vitamin A is a(n) _____.
-agent that causes birth defects -teratogen
It is unnecessary to consume 100% of all vitamins every day because _____.
-bacteria in the intestinal tract can produce some vitamins -the body can synthesize some vitamins -cells contain a supply of vitamins
The body needs choline to _____.
-produce phospholipids in cell membranes. -as part of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. -synthesize a part of a phospholipid in the liver.
Folate's metabolic roles are related to those of ______. Diets that lack either vitamin produce a number of identical deficiency signs and symptoms.
B-12
Usually water-soluble vitamins are not toxic as they do not accumulate in the body. There is one exception to this rule when high doses of what water-soluble vitamin can cause sensory nerve damage?
B-6
Why is it not necessary to consume 100% of every vitamin each day?
Bacteria in your lower intestinal tract can produce certain vitamins. -Your body can synthesize vitamin D. -Body cells can store vitamins to some extent.
Collagen synthesis, antioxidant activity, and assistance in immune system functioning are all functions of which vitamin?
C
The use of which vitamin supplement has been associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer and hemorrhagic stroke?
E
Which of the following are examples of vitamins that many American adults don't receive enough of?
E,D, choline
Milk, yogurt, liver, and enriched cereals are all good sources of which vitamin?
Riboflavin
is the second leading cause of death in the United States.
cancer
The results of major studies fail to show that high Vitamin E intakes can reduce the risk of
cognitive impairment. cancer. cardiovascular disease.
is a fibrous protein that gives strength to connective tissue.
collagen
Folate is reported in _____ to account for the differences in the body's ability absorb folic acid and natural forms of folate.
dietary folate equivalents (DFEs)
True or false: Taking supplements in folic acid, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 will lower a person's risk for heart disease.
false
Biotin's roles in the body include _____.
fatty acid synthesis amino acid breakdown glucose synthesis
Liver, legumes, broccoli, and orange juice are all good sources of _____.
folate
Which vitamin cannot be used when vitamin B-12 is unavailable?
folate
The consumption of which foods has been associated with a decrease in the risk of developing age-related macular degeneration?
fruits, veggies
Homocysteine may be a biochemical marker or risk factor for______.
heart disease
Diets supplying ______ amounts of carotenoids may slow the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
high
Choose the water-soluble vitamin that is a component of coenzyme A.
pantothenic acid
When are vitamin supplements recommended?
-metabolic defects that increase vitamin requirements -specific vitamin deficiency diseases
Regulating the activity of the immune system and participating in the bone remodeling process are both functions of______.
A
Heme matches Choice iron containing
Globin matches Choice protein in RBC
Vitamin C is different than the rest of the B vitamins in that it does not function as part of a
coenzyme
Niacin participates in which of the following?
energy metabolism
True or false: Scientific studies show that taking vitamin C is an effective way to prevent the common cold.
false
What are some food sources of riboflavin?
Spinach Yogurt Milk
A water-soluble vitamin that is involved in the release of energy from macronutrients is
niacin
An agent that causes birth defects is called a
teratogen
What is a complex organic compound that regulates certain metabolic processes in the body?
vitamin
Cells require vitamin to make coenzymes that participate in a variety of cellular processes, including the transfer of CH3 groups in the metabolism of folate.
B-12
What are some good food sources of folate?
Leafy vegetables Asparagus Liver
In its coenzyme form, biotin participates in chemical reactions that
add carbon dioxide to other compounds.
The B vitamin that has been used to treat elevated LDL cholesterol levels is .
niacin
Choose the foods that are typically fortified with vitamin D.
orange juice milk ready-to-eat cereals margarine
______ is a water-soluble vitamin that is used to make a coenzyme that participates in chemical reactions involved in the release of energy from carbohydrates.
thiamin