ch 8 RA

Which of the following are functions of vitamin C?

-Immune system functioning -Collagen synthesis

When taken during pregnancy, excess vitamin A is a(n) _____.

-agent that causes birth defects -teratogen

It is unnecessary to consume 100% of all vitamins every day because _____.

-bacteria in the intestinal tract can produce some vitamins -the body can synthesize some vitamins -cells contain a supply of vitamins

The body needs choline to _____.

-produce phospholipids in cell membranes. -as part of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. -synthesize a part of a phospholipid in the liver.

Folate's metabolic roles are related to those of ______. Diets that lack either vitamin produce a number of identical deficiency signs and symptoms.

B-12

Usually water-soluble vitamins are not toxic as they do not accumulate in the body. There is one exception to this rule when high doses of what water-soluble vitamin can cause sensory nerve damage?

B-6

Why is it not necessary to consume 100% of every vitamin each day?

Bacteria in your lower intestinal tract can produce certain vitamins. -Your body can synthesize vitamin D. -Body cells can store vitamins to some extent.

Collagen synthesis, antioxidant activity, and assistance in immune system functioning are all functions of which vitamin?

C

The use of which vitamin supplement has been associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer and hemorrhagic stroke?

E

Which of the following are examples of vitamins that many American adults don't receive enough of?

E,D, choline

Milk, yogurt, liver, and enriched cereals are all good sources of which vitamin?

Riboflavin

is the second leading cause of death in the United States.

cancer

The results of major studies fail to show that high Vitamin E intakes can reduce the risk of

cognitive impairment. cancer. cardiovascular disease.

is a fibrous protein that gives strength to connective tissue.

collagen

Folate is reported in _____ to account for the differences in the body's ability absorb folic acid and natural forms of folate.

dietary folate equivalents (DFEs)

True or false: Taking supplements in folic acid, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 will lower a person's risk for heart disease.

false

Biotin's roles in the body include _____.

fatty acid synthesis amino acid breakdown glucose synthesis

Liver, legumes, broccoli, and orange juice are all good sources of _____.

folate

Which vitamin cannot be used when vitamin B-12 is unavailable?

folate

The consumption of which foods has been associated with a decrease in the risk of developing age-related macular degeneration?

fruits, veggies

Homocysteine may be a biochemical marker or risk factor for______.

heart disease

Diets supplying ______ amounts of carotenoids may slow the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

high

Choose the water-soluble vitamin that is a component of coenzyme A.

pantothenic acid

When are vitamin supplements recommended?

-metabolic defects that increase vitamin requirements -specific vitamin deficiency diseases

Regulating the activity of the immune system and participating in the bone remodeling process are both functions of______.

A

Heme matches Choice iron containing

Globin matches Choice protein in RBC

Vitamin C is different than the rest of the B vitamins in that it does not function as part of a

coenzyme

Niacin participates in which of the following?

energy metabolism

True or false: Scientific studies show that taking vitamin C is an effective way to prevent the common cold.

false

What are some food sources of riboflavin?

Spinach Yogurt Milk

A water-soluble vitamin that is involved in the release of energy from macronutrients is

niacin

An agent that causes birth defects is called a

teratogen

What is a complex organic compound that regulates certain metabolic processes in the body?

vitamin

Cells require vitamin to make coenzymes that participate in a variety of cellular processes, including the transfer of CH3 groups in the metabolism of folate.

B-12

What are some good food sources of folate?

Leafy vegetables Asparagus Liver

In its coenzyme form, biotin participates in chemical reactions that

add carbon dioxide to other compounds.

The B vitamin that has been used to treat elevated LDL cholesterol levels is .

niacin

Choose the foods that are typically fortified with vitamin D.

orange juice milk ready-to-eat cereals margarine

______ is a water-soluble vitamin that is used to make a coenzyme that participates in chemical reactions involved in the release of energy from carbohydrates.

thiamin