prep u respiratory

Nutritional support

A 32-year-old firefighter is brought to the emergency department after being trapped in a fire. The firefighter is admitted to the ICU for smoke inhalation. After 12 hours, the firefighter is exhibiting signs of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and is intubated. What other supportive measures are initiated in a patient with ARDS?

"The type of treatment depends on the cell type of the cancer, the stage of the cancer, and the patient's health status."

A 52-year-old mother of three has just been diagnosed with lung cancer. The physician discusses treatment options and makes recommendations to this patient. After the physician leaves the room, the patient asks the nurse how the treatment is decided on. What would be the nurse's best response

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

A client admitted with multiple traumatic injuries receives massive fluid resuscitation. Later, the physician suspects that the client has aspirated stomach contents. The nurse knows that this client is at highest risk for:

Cromolyn sodium

A client has asthma. Which of the following medications is a commonly prescribed mast cell stabilizer used for asthma?

Oxygen through nasal cannula at 2 L/minute

A client is being seen in the emergency department for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The first action of the nurse is to administer which of the following prescribed treatments?

An abnormal distention of the air spaces with destruction of the alveolar walls

A client newly diagnosed with emphysema asks the nurse to explain all about the disease. The nurse would include the following response when defining emphysema

Pulmonary hypertension

A client presents to a physician's office complaining of dyspnea with exertion, weakness, and coughing up blood. Further examination reveals peripheral edema, crackles, and jugular vein distention. The nurse anticipates the physician will make which diagnosis?

"Delay self-care activities for 1 hour

A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) reports increased shortness of breath and fatigue for 1 hour after awakening in the morning. Which of the following statements by the nurse would best help with the client's shortness of breath and fatigue?

Decreased breath sounds

A client with lung cancer develops pleural effusion. During chest auscultation, which breath sound should the nurse expect to hear?

empyema.

A client with unresolved hemothorax is febrile, with chills and sweating. He has a nonproductive cough and chest pain. His chest tube drainage is turbid. A possible explanation for these findings is:

Increase oral fluids unless contraindicated

A critical-care nurse is caring for a 68-year-old patient diagnosed with mycoplasmal pneumonia after a surgical procedure. The nurse documents that the patient has an increased work of breathing due to copious tracheobronchial secretions. What should the nurse encourage the patient to do?

Atelectasis

A critical-care nurse is caring for a postoperative patient following lung surgery. The patient has a shallow, monotonous respiratory pattern and is reluctant to cough. What may the patient may be at an increased risk for?

High-protein

A nurse consulting with a nutrition specialist knows it's important to consider a special diet for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which diet is appropriate for this client?

A positive reaction indicates that the client has been exposed to the disease.

A nurse is administering a purified protein derivative (PPD) test to a client. Which statement concerning PPD testing is true?

Increase walking distance around a city block without shortness of breath

A nurse is assisting a client with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to set a goal related to the condition. Which of the following is an appropriate goal for this client?

Impaired gas exchange

A nurse is caring for a client with chest trauma. Which nursing diagnosis takes the highest priority?

A client with a nasogastric tube

A nurse is caring for a group of clients on a medical-surgical floor. Which client is at greatest risk for developing pneumonia?

Encourage breathing exercises

A nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with empyema. Which of the following interventions does a nurse implement for patients with empyema?

It helps prevent early airway collapse.

A nurse is teaching a client with emphysema how to perform pursed-lip breathing. The client asks the nurse to explain the purpose of this breathing technique. Which explanation should the nurse provide?

Chronic, irreversible dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles

A patient arrives in the emergency room with an attack of acute bronchiectasis. The nurse knows that the principle pathologic finding in the diagnosis of bronchiectasis includes what?

Preparing to assist with intubating the patient

A patient has been brought to the emergency department by the paramedics. The patient is suspected of having acute respiratory distress syndrome. What should the nurse anticipate?

Pulmonary arterial pressure

A patient in the ICU is status post embolectomy after a pulmonary embolus. What does the nurse measure on a patient who is postoperative from an embolectomy?

Wound care

A patient who was thrown from a horse suffered a penetrating wound of the chest that led to acute respiratory failure. The patient is now extubated and recovering on the medical-surgical unit of the hospital. As time for discharge draws near, the nurse would plan teaching to include what priority?

Daily doses of isoniazid, 300 mg for 6 months to 1 year

A physician determines that a client has been exposed to someone with tuberculosis. The nurse expects the physician to order which treatment?

"I need to hold my breath as long as possible after I take a deep inhalation."

A physician orders metaproterenol (Alupent) by metered-dose inhalation four times daily for a client with acute bronchitis. Which statement by the client indicates effective teaching about this medication?

Pleural effusion

A physician stated to the nurse that the patient has fluid noted in the pleural space and will need a thoracentesis. The nurse would expect that the physician will document this fluid as which of the following?

has produced an immune response.

A positive Mantoux test indicates that a client

6 to 12 months

After diagnosing a client with pulmonary tuberculosis, the physician tells family members that they must receive isoniazid (INH [Laniazid]) as prophylaxis against tuberculosis. The client's daughter asks the nurse how long the drug must be taken. What is the usual duration of prophylactic isoniazid therapy?

Cautious hydration

An 87-year-old patient has been hospitalized with pneumonia. Which nursing action would be a priority in this patient's plan of care?

Highest airflow during a forced expiration

As an asthma educator, you are teaching a patient newly diagnosed with asthma and her family about the use of a peak flow meter. What does a peak flow meter measure?

Respiratory acidosis

As status asthmaticus worsens, the nurse would expect which acid-base imbalance?

Available diagnostic tests

As the nurse is performing an admission assessment on a patient with COPD, it is important for the nurse to review what?

IgE-mediated

Asthma is cause by which type of response?

Air leak

Constant bubbling in the water seal of a chest drainage system indicates

Sweat chloride concentration

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is diagnosed by clinical signs and symptoms in addition to which one of the following tests?

continue to take antibiotics for the entire 10 days

During discharge teaching, a nurse is instructing a client about pneumonia. The client demonstrates his understanding of relapse when he states that he must:

A disease of the airways characterized by destruction of the walls of overdistended alveoli

Emphysema is described by which of the following statements?

Dullness over the involved area

For a patient with pleural effusion, what does chest percussion over the involved area reveal?

Respiratory acidosis

In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), decreased carbon dioxide elimination results in increased carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood, leading to which of the following acid-base imbalances?

Pneumonia

In your presentation to the older adults at the Senior Center luncheon, you outline steps they can take to prevent falls in the home. Preventing falls in older adults directly correlates to preventing bone fractures. If an older adult falls and fractures one or more ribs, what is a possible complication that could develop after the fracture?

Staphylococcal pneumonia

Influenza, an annual epidemic in the U.S., creates a significant increase in hospitalizations and an increase in the death rates of pneumonia and cardiovascular disease. Besides death, what is the most serious complication of influenza?

36,000

Influenza, an annual epidemic in the U.S., creates a significant increase in hospitalizations and an increase in the death rates of pneumonia and cardiovascular disease. How many deaths were attributed to influenza in 2008?

• Air pollution • Tracheobronchial infection

Nursing students are gathered for a study session about the pulmonary system. One student asks the others to name the primary causes for an acute exacerbation of COPD. Which of the following responses should be in the reply? Choose all that apply.

Pete's sensitivity to antitussives needs to be determined

Pete Taylor, a 70-year-old male, has an appointment with a physician in your primary care group for his cough. He insists he has been coughing for a month and nothing stops his cough. He has been using the same cough medicine for 50 years and doesn't understand why it doesn't work. Why do you encourage Pete to talk with his physician before using nonprescription antitussive preparations?

Dyspnea and hypoxemia

The admitting nurse is assessing a client with COPD. The nurse auscultates diminished breath sounds, which signify changes in the airway. These changes indicate to the nurse to monitor the patient for what?

Positions the inhaler 1 to 2 inches away from his open mouth

The client is prescribed albuterol (Ventolin) 2 puffs as a metered-dose inhaler. The nurse evaluates client learning as satisfactory when the client

Use diaphragmatic breathing

The nurse is caring for a client with COPD. It is time to do discharge teaching with this client. The nurse teaches the client about breathing exercises. What should the nurse include in the teaching?

An elevated sweat chloride concentration test

The nurse is evaluating the diagnostic studies data on a patient with suspected cystic fibrosis. Which of the following tests is associated with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis?

Atelectasis

The nurse should be alert for a complication of bronchiectasis that results from a combination of retained secretions and obstruction that leads to the collapse of alveoli. This complication is known as

Setting and accepting realistic short-term and long-range goals

The nursing instructor is teaching her clinical group about emphysema. The instructor explains that when caring for a patient with emphysema, you would include what teaching as priority in the plan of care?

Chest trauma

The prenursing pathophysiology class is studying empyema. Empyema can occur as a complication of what?

Take prescribed medications as scheduled

The student nurse is developing a teaching plan for a patient with asthma. Which teaching point has the highest priority and should be included in the plan of care the student is developing?

A diet rich in protein

What dietary recommendations should a nurse provide a patient with a lung abscess?

Bronchial mucus plugging, inflammation, and eventual bronchiectasis

What is the hallmark pathology of CF?

Hypercapnia, hypoventilation, and hypoxemia

When caring for a client with acute respiratory failure, the nurse should expect to focus on resolving which set of problems?

Alleviating symptoms

When caring for a client with bronchiectasis, nursing management focuses on what?

Pulmonary function studies

Which diagnostic is the most accurate in assessing acute airway obstruction?

Exposure to tobacco smoke

Which of the following exposures accounts for the majority of cases with regard to risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Encourage breathing exercises

Which of the following interventions does a nurse implement for patients with empyema

asthma

Which of the following is the most common chronic disease of childhood?

Receiving vaccination

Which of the following should a nurse encourage in patients who are at the risk of pneumococcal and influenza infections?

Turn onto the affected side

Which of the following techniques does a nurse suggest to a patient with pleurisy while teaching about splinting the chest wall?

Consolidation

Which of the following terms refers to lung tissue that has become more solid in nature due to a collapse of alveoli or an infectious process

Weight gain

Which of the following would not be considered a primary symptom of COPD?

Vitamin B6

Which vitamin is usually administered with isoniazid (INH) to prevent INH-associated peripheral neuropathy

Hypovolemia secondary to leakage of fluid into the interstitial spaces

You are caring for a patient in the ICU admitted with ARDS after exposure to toxic fumes from a hazardous spill at work. The patient has become hypotensive. What is the cause of this complication to the ARDS treatment?

To conserve normal pulmonary tissue

You are caring for a patient with bronchiectasis who is scheduled for surgery. You know that the goals of surgery are what?

Anti-inflammatory drugs

You are the nurse caring for a patient with asthma hospitalized with an acute asthma exacerbation. What drugs would you expect to have ordered for this patient to gain underlying control of persistent asthma?

copd risk factors

• Tobacco smoke • Occupational dust • Air pollution • Infection • Second-hand smoke