PrepU exam #2 Chp. 24

Which of the following factors contribute to the underlying pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? Select all that apply.

- Overinflated alveoli impair gas exchange. - Mucus secretions block airways. - Inflamed airways obstruct airflow.

The nurse is assigned to care for a patient in the ICU who is diagnosed with status asthmaticus. Why does the nurse include fluid intake as being an important aspect of the plan of care? (Select all that apply.)

- To facilitate expectoration - To combat dehydration - To loosen secretions

A patient is prescribed a mast cell stabilizer for the treatment of asthma. Which commonly used medication will the nurse educate the patient about?

Cromolyn sodium

The nurse is educating a patient with asthma about preventative measures to avoid having an asthma attack. What does the nurse inform the patient is a priority intervention to prevent an asthma attack?

Preparing a written action plan

What are the primary causes for an acute exacerbation of COPD? Select all that apply.

-Air pollution -Tracheobronchial infection

A client experiencing an asthmatic attack is prescribed methylprednisolone intravenously. What action should the nurse take?

Assesses fasting blood glucose levels

Which exposure accounts for most cases of COPD?

Exposure to tobacco smoke

The classification of grade I COPD is defined as

mild COPD.

The classification of Stage III of COPD is defined as

severe COPD.

Which statement describes emphysema?

A disease of the airways characterized by destruction of the walls of overdistended alveoli

What is histamine, a mediator that supports the inflammatory process in asthma, secreted by?

Mast cells

A health care provider orders a beta-2 adrenergic agonist agent (bronchodilator) that is long-acting and administered only by inhaler. What medication does the nurse anticipate will be administered?

Salmeterol

Which of the following is the key underlying feature of asthma?

Inflammation

The nurse at the beginning of the evening shift receives a report at 1900 on the following patients. Which patient would the nurse assess first?

An 86 year old with COPD who arrived on the floor 30 minutes ago and is a direct admit from the doctor's office

Which is the most important risk factor for development of COPD?

Cigarette smoking

A home health nurse sees a client with end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. An outcome identified for this client is preventing infection. Which finding indicates that this outcome has been met?

Decreased oxygen requirements

A client has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is exhibiting shallow respirations of 32 breaths per minute and a pulse oximetry of 93% despite receiving nasal oxygen at 2 L/minute. What action should the nurse take?

Encourage the client to exhale slowly against pursed lips.

A nurse notes that the FEV1/FVC ratio is less than 70% and the FEV1 is 40% for a patient with COPD. What stage should the nurse document the patient is in?

III

A nurse is assisting a client with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to set a goal related to the condition. Which of the following is an appropriate goal for this client?

Increase walking distance around a city block without shortness of breath.

A client is being seen in the emergency department for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The first action of the nurse is to administer which of the following prescribed treatments?

Oxygen through nasal cannula at 2 L/minute

A pneumothorax is a possible complication of COPD. Symptoms will depend on the suddenness of the attack and the size of the air leak. The most common, immediate symptom that should be assessed is:

Sharp, stabbing chest pain

Which of the following is a leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation?

Bronchitis

Which of the following is accurate regarding status asthmaticus?

A severe asthma episode that is refractory to initial therapy

Which is the strongest predisposing factor for asthma?

Allergy

A client arrives in the emergency room with emphysema and has developed an exacerbation of COPD with respiratory acidosis from airway obstruction. What is the highest priority for the nurse?

Apply supplemental oxygen as ordered.

Which exposure acts as a risk factor for and accounts for the majority of cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Exposure to tobacco smoke

A nurse notes that the FEV1/FVC ratio is less than 70% and the FEV1 is 65% for a patient with COPD. What stage should the nurse document the patient is in?

II

In which grade of COPD is the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) less than 30% predicted?

IV

A patient comes to the clinic for the third time in 2 months with chronic bronchitis. What clinical symptoms does the nurse anticipate assessing for this patient?

Sputum and a productive cough

A client is receiving theophylline for long-term control and prevention of asthma symptoms. Client education related to this medication will include

the importance of blood tests to monitor serum concentrations.

A physician orders metaproterenol by metered-dose inhalation four times daily for a client with acute bronchitis. Which statement by the client indicates effective teaching about this medication?

"I need to hold my breath as long as possible after I take a deep inhalation."

In which statements regarding medications taken by a client diagnosed with COPD do the drug name and the drug category correctly match? Select all that apply.

- Prednisone is a corticosteroid. - Albuterol is a bronchodilator. - Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic.

A nurse is discussing asthma complications with a client and family. What complications should the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply.

- Status asthmaticus - Respiratory failure - Atelectasis

The classification of Stage II of COPD is defined as

moderate COPD.

A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) reports increased shortness of breath and fatigue for 1 hour after awakening in the morning. Which of the following statements by the nurse would best help with the client's shortness of breath and fatigue?

"Delay self-care activities for 1 hour."

The client is prescribed albuterol 2 puffs as a metered-dose inhaler. Which action by the client demonstrates understanding of administration for this medication?

Positions the inhaler 2 finger widths away from the lips

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is diagnosed by clinical signs and symptoms in addition to which test?

Sweat chloride concentration

A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cor pulmonale is being prepared for discharge. The nurse should provide which instruction?

"Weigh yourself daily and report a gain of 2 lb in 1 day."

The classification of Stage IV of COPD is defined as

very severe COPD.

A nurse consulting with a nutrition specialist knows it's important to consider a special diet for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which diet is appropriate for this client?

High-protein

A patient is being treated for status asthmaticus. What danger sign does the nurse observe that can indicate impending respiratory failure?

Respiratory acidosis

A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) expresses a desire to quit smoking. The first appropriate response from the nurse is:

"Have you tried to quit smoking before?"

A nurse has just completed teaching with a client who has been prescribed a meter-dosed inhaler for the first time. Which statement if made by the client would indicate to the nurse that further teaching and follow-up care is necessary?

"I do not need to rinse my mouth with this type of inhaler."

A nursing student is taking a pathophysiology examination. Which of the following factors would the student correctly identify as contributing to the underlying pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? Choose all that apply.

- Inflamed airways that obstruct airflow - Mucus secretions that block airways - Overinflated alveoli that impair gas exchange

A client presents to the ED experiencing symptoms of COPD exacerbation. The nurse understands that goals of therapy should be achieved to improve the client's condition. Which statements reflect therapy goals? Select all that apply.

- Provide medical support for the current exacerbation. - Treat the underlying cause of the event. - Return the client to their original functioning abilities. - Provide long-term support for medical management.

A nurse is teaching the client about use of the pictured item with a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). What instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply.

- Take a slow, deep inhalation from the device. - Activate the MDI once. - The device may increase delivery of the MDI medication.

Upon assessment, the nurse suspects that a client with COPD may have bronchospasm. What manifestations validate the nurse's concern? Select all that apply.

-Compromised gas exchange -Decreased airflow -Wheezes

A client is prescribed methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) 125 mg intravenously. The medication is available in a 125 mg single-dose vial containing 2 mL. The nurse will administer methylprednisolone over 2 minutes. How many mL will the nurse administer each 15 seconds? Write your answer to 2 decimal places. Starting with 0., enter the correct number ONLY.

0.25

A physician orders triamcinolone and salmeterol for a client with a history of asthma. What action should the nurse take when administering these drugs?

Administer the salmeterol and then administer the triamcinolone.

A client is being treated in the ED for respiratory distress coupled with pneumonia. The client has no medical history. However, the client works in a coal mine and smokes 10 cigarettes a day. The nurse anticipates which order based on the client's immediate needs?

Administration of antibiotics

The nurse should be alert for a complication of bronchiectasis that results from a combination of retained secretions and obstruction that leads to the collapse of alveoli. This complication is known as

Atelectasis

Which statement is true about both lung transplant and bullectomy

Both procedures improve the overall quality of life of a client with COPD.

Which drug is second-line pharmacotherapy for smoking abstinence?

Clonidine

Which medication is contraindicated in acute asthma exacerbations?

Cromolyn sodium

A nurse has established a nursing diagnosis of ineffective airway clearance. The datum that best supports this diagnosis is that the client

Has wheezes in the right lung lobes

A nursing student understands the importance of the psychosocial aspects of disease processes. When working with a patient with COPD, the student would rank which of the following nursing diagnoses as the MOST important when analyzing the psychosocial effects?

Ineffective coping related to anxiety

A nurse is teaching a client with emphysema how to perform pursed-lip breathing. The client asks the nurse to explain the purpose of this breathing technique. Which explanation should the nurse provide?

It helps prevent early airway collapse.

The nurse is assigned the care of a 30-year-old client diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF). Which nursing intervention will be included in the client's care plan?

Performing chest physiotherapy as ordered

Which diagnostic test is most accurate in assessing acute airway obstruction?

Pulmonary function studies

Which diagnostic test is the most accurate in assessing acute airway obstruction?

Pulmonary function studies

As status asthmaticus worsens, the nurse would expect which acid-base imbalance?

Respiratory acidosis

In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), decreased carbon dioxide elimination results in increased carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood, leading to which of the following acid-base imbalances?

Respiratory acidosis

The nurse, caring for a patient with emphysema, understands that airflow limitations are not reversible. The end result of deterioration is:

Respiratory acidosis.

The nurse is caring for a patient with status asthmaticus in the intensive care unit (ICU). What does the nurse anticipate observing for the blood gas results related to hyperventilation for this patient?

Respiratory alkalosis

A nurse administers albuterol (Proventil), as ordered, to a client with emphysema. Which finding indicates that the drug is producing a therapeutic effect?

Respiratory rate of 22 breaths/minute

To help prevent infections in clients with COPD, the nurse should recommend vaccinations against two bacterial organisms. Which of the following are the two vaccinations?

Streptococcus pneumonia and Hemophilus influenzae

A nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client with asthma. Which teaching point has the highest priority?

Take ordered medications as scheduled.

The nurse is instructing the patient with asthma in the use of a newly prescribed leukotriene receptor antagonist. What should the nurse be sure to include in the education?

The patient should take the medication an hour before meals or 2 hours after a meal.

A commonly prescribed methylxanthine used as a bronchodilator is which of the following?

Theophylline

For a client with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which nursing action best promotes adequate gas exchange?

Using a Venturi mask to deliver oxygen as ordered

A client with cystic fibrosis is admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. When should the nurse administer the pancreatic enzymes that the client has been prescribed?

With meals

A nurse is assisting with a subclavian vein central line insertion when the client's oxygen saturation drops rapidly. He complains of shortness of breath and becomes tachypneic. The nurse suspects the client has developed a pneumothorax. Further assessment findings supporting the presence of a pneumothorax include:

diminished or absent breath sounds on the affected side.

A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease tells a nurse that he feels short of breath. The client's respiratory rate is 36 breaths/minute and the nurse auscultates diffuse wheezes. His arterial oxygen saturation is 84%. The nurse calls the assigned respiratory therapist to administer an ordered nebulizer treatment. The therapist says, "I have several more nebulizer treatments to do on the unit where I am now. As soon as I'm finished, I'll come and assess the client." The nurse's most appropriate action is to:

give the nebulizer treatment herself.

A client with bronchiectasis is admitted to the nursing unit. The primary focus of nursing care for this client includes

implementing measures to clear pulmonary secretions.

A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is admitted to the medical-surgical unit. To help this client maintain a patent airway and achieve maximal gas exchange, the nurse should:

instruct the client to drink at least 2 L of fluid daily.