Principles of Management Test 1
Susan is a manager who oversees the work of large departments or divisions consisting of several smaller teams at Colors Inc. Susan most likely holds the position of ________ at Colors Inc.
A middle manager
Who is credited for originally developing the hierarchy of human needs theory?
Abraham Maslow
Based on logic, order, and legitimate authority, a rational and efficient form of organization according to Max Weber, is a(n) ________.
Bureaucuracy
The three different conditions or problem environments to which managers make decisions are:
Certain, risk, and uncertain
Which of the following management styles came first?
Classical approach
List three examples of universal categories of human activity.
Concepts of Justice, Food Preferences, and Definitions of Gender
The five duties of management, according to Fayol, are foresight, organization, command, coordination, and ________.
Control
At work, Julie focuses on measuring performance and takes the necessary corrective actions. Julie is engaged in the __ function of the management process.
Controlling
The oversight of corporate management by a company's board of directors is called ________.
Corporate Governance
Which of the following concepts suggests that there is no one right way to behave and ethical behavior is always dependent on cultural context?
Cultural relativism
The upside-down pyramid view of organizations puts __ at the top of the pyramid.
Customers or Nonmanagerial workers
In the decision-making process, the classical and behavioral models could be used to:
Decide on a course of action
Bert and John Jacobs, co-founders of the company Life is Good, suggests that the message of the "Life is Good" brand is to ________.
Decide to be happy today
Accountability in managerial performance is always accompanied by __.
Dependency
If Weber were able to see today's bureaucracies in action, he would most likely be ________.
Disappointed
Theory X and Theory Y were developed by ________.
Douglas McGregor
Which of the following refers to the ability to manage ourselves and our relationships effectively?
Emotional Intelligence
__ is the code of moral principles that sets standards of conduct for what is "good" and "right" as opposed to "bad" or "wrong."
Ethics
Which of the following is NOT one of the six "must- have" managerial skills?
Expressiveness
Which of the following is NOT a common error in the first step of the decision- making process?
Failing to consult the stakeholder
In effective organizations, there is generally only one type and one level of managers.
False
The Hawthorne studies established a clear link between working conditions and worker performance.
False
The levels of work and responsibility remain fairly constant in management, regardless of the position in the organization.
False
The most formidable aspect of scientific management is that it emphasizes creativity and risk taking.
False
The only goal of scientific management was to increase worker efficiency for the benefit of the company.
False
The upside-down pyramid view puts workers at the top of the organization.
False
Weber is credited as being the first to acknowledge and advocate that bureaucracies are inefficient forms of organization that should be avoided.
False
While there are four functions of management, only the top managers are involved in the planning function.
False
Which of the following practices should be followed in the first stage of the decision-making process?
Focusing on a problem rather than on its symptoms
Which management researcher is considered as a prophet of today's management style?
Follett
Solving a problem based on one's perception of the situation, positive or negative, leads to a(n) ___.
Framing Error
Based on the findings of the Hawthorne studies, as a manager you know that __.
Giving special attention to your employees will likely increase their performance
The worldwide interdependence of resource flows, product markets, and business competition that characterize our economy is called ________.
Globalization
Susan is a manager at Garden Tools Inc. She has inadvertently come across a competitor's business plan. Susan's first thought is to keep it and use it against the competitor. However, she returns it without looking at it because she feels that in the run, it is not in her best interest. Which of the following views of moral reasoning is Susan exhibiting in this scenario?
Individualism
The collective brainpower or shared knowledge of a workforce is called ________.
Intellectual Capital
If your roommate asks you to identify the best management style, what would you say?
It depends on the situation
Which of the following management issues is most associated with the concept of quality of work life or QWL?
Job satisfaction
Name the four steps in the management process and define each of them.
Leading- inspiring people to word hard to achieve high performance Organizing- arranging tasks, people, and other resources to accomplish the work Controlling- Measuring performance and taking action to ensure desired results Planning-setting performance objectives and deciding how to achieve them
Plans that usually cover three years or more are called __ plans.
Long-range
Which of the following is the fourth step in the planning process?
Making a plan
A person who supports and is responsible for the work of others is called a(n) ________.
Manager
Which of these is NOT included as a part of classical approaches to management?
Maslow's hierarchy of human needs
The __ ethical position is most closely associated with ethical imperialism
Moral absolutism
Which of these describes a physiological or psychological deficiency that a person wants to satisfy?
Need
Management science and ________ apply mathematical techniques to solve management problems.
Operations research
The process of assigning tasks, allocating resources, and coordinating the activities of individuals and groups best defines the term ________.
Organizing
The term "Hawthorne Effect" was used to explain some of the important findings of the Hawthorne studies. What does the term mean?
People given special attention tend to perform as expected
From Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, which of the following needs is considered to be the most basic?
Physiological
Tim is a sales manager at Green Source Corp. He sets a target for his sales team to increase sales by 20 percent in 20 weeks. While giving them suggestions on how to achieve the target, he also announces a 20 percent commission as an incentive. Tim is involved in the ________ function of the management process.
Planning
Which of the following refers to the process of setting foals and objectives and determining how to accomplish them?
Planning
Which of the following terms can be best describe as the display of negative, irrational attitudes toward women and minorities?
Prejudice
One of the surprise findings in the Hawthorne studies was that ________.
Productivity was influenced by group behavior
The writings of Mary Parker Follet have influence all but which of the following "modern" management ideas?
Profit above all
The writings of Mary Parker Follett have influenced all but which of the following "modern" management ideas?
Profit above all
Which of the following heuristics is employed when people use a stereotype to assess the likely occurrence of an event?
Representativeness
What are the three core human values?
Respect for human dignity Respect for basic rights Good citizenship
A decision that chooses the first satisfactory alternative that is presented is called a(n) __________ decision.
Satisficing
Carefully designing jobs with efficient work methods is necessary to ________ management.
Scientific
Which management emphasized careful selection and training of workers and supervisory support?
Scientific
As president of Paper Products, Inc., Jim wants his manufacturing manager to clearly define the steps in the process, train the workers to efficiently do their jobs, and financially reward them on the basis of performance. Jim is practicing ___.
Scientific Management
As president of Paper Products, Inc., Jim wants his manufacturing manager to clearly define the steps in the process, train the workers to efficiently do their jobs, and financially reward them on the basis of performance. Jim is practicing ________.
Scientific Management
From the Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, which of the following needs occupies the highest pedestal in the hierarchy?
Self-Actualization
What does the acronym SMART stand for with regards to objectives?
Specific Measurable Attainable Realistic Time period
Describe System 1 and System 2 thinking.
System 1: fast, prone to bias, intuitive, associative System 2: slow, analyzes pros and cons, logical, rational
Which of the following set of skills is most important at lower organizational levels?
Technical
Which of the following skills is the LEAST necessary to senior managers?
Technical
The writings of Fayol are the basis for our modern understanding of ________.
The four functions of management
The lack of women and minorities in senior management positions can be explained by __.
The glass ceiling effect
Graham, the CEO of Fleur Inc., a paper manufacturing company, prescribes to the classical views of corporate social responsibility. He is most likely to state that:
The sole purpose of the management should be to maximize profits
As a high school teacher, Julie has always felt that her students are lazy, don't really want to be in school, and are very irresponsible in their studies. Julie holds a ________ assumption.
Theory X
As a high school teacher, Julie has always felt that her students are lazy, don't really want to be in school, and are very irresponsible in their studies. Julie holds a __________ assumption.
Theory X
The three levels of management are ________.
Top, Middle, First-Line
Modern management accepts the fact that all techniques are contingent upon the unique situation faced by each manager. In other words, there is no one "best" way.
True
Organizational learning is a never ending process of continuous improvement.
True
Taylor's scientific management sought efficiency in job performance.
True
The reason that worker "human needs" are important to managers is that these needs can cause tensions that may influence work attitudes and behaviors.
True
Through networking, managers build and maintain positive relationships with other people, ideally those whose help might be useful someday in fulfilling their agendas.
True
Workers, in an ideal bureaucracy, are selected and promoted on ability and performance.
True
An embedded prejudice that is largely unconscious and that results in the discriminatory treatment of other refers to __.
Unconscious Bias
Jermaine, a member of a student organization, supports the move to increase the membership fees for their organization in order to keep the club solvent, even though some of the members might not be able to afford the increase. He is taking __ approach to moral reasoning.
Utilitarian
Andy is a middle manager at Hercules Industries. Whom would he report to?
Vice President
When considering core human values, which of the following is NOT a basic human right?
Wealth
________ describes the composition of a workforce based on factors such as race, gender, age, religious affiliation, sexual orientation, and able-bodiedness.
Workforce Diversity
Theory ________ assumes people are willing to work, accept responsibility, and are self-directed.
Y
According to Chris Argyris, high absenteeism and poor morale in an organization is likely due to ________.
a mismatch between management practices and the adult nature of their workforce
When Jose acts as a resource allocator for his organization, he is acting in a(n) ________ role.
Decisional
Which of the following is an example of the unethical practice of discrimination at work?
Denying people a promotion because of their race or religion
__________ justice focuses on treating people fairly regardless of personal characteristics.
Distributive
Name the three types of skills that managers need and define each of them.
Technical: the skill to know how to do the job Conceptual: the ability to think critically and analytically Human: the ability to work with others. A high level of emotional intelligence.
Amanda, a high school student, wants to be the president of a company someday, but she also wants to raise a family and enjoy recreational activities. Amanda is primarily focusing on
Terminal values
The writings of Fayol are the basis for our modern understanding of __.
The Four Functions of Management
Which of these is one of the principles of scientific management?
Training and motivating workers
Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, United Nations, states that everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression.
True
Ethical dilemmas often arise out of the conflicting desires of managers, employees, and customers.
True
Having a Theory X view of employees can actually encourage Theory X behaviors in your employees.
True
The highest level of social performance comes through the satisfaction of economic responsibility.q
True
The idea that the role of business is solely to maximize profits and shareholder value represents the classical view of corporate social responsibility.
True
The reason managers have such a large share of the responsibility for maintaining ethical behavior is due to their power and ability to set the tone for the organization.
True
To increase the power and visibility of ethics codes, some companies have new employees sign an agreement to follow the code as a condition of employment.
True
According to Maslow, which of the following is in the highest "need" category?
Having a job you love, being fulfilled
The ________ is the tendency of persons singled out for special attention to perform as expected.
Hawthorne effect
In Kohlberg's three levels of moral development, the preconventional stage is based on __________ behavior.
Self-centered
2030
20 percent
Article __________ of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, United Nations, states that everyone has the right to education.
26
The lack of women and minorities in senior management positions can be explained by ________.
Glass Ceiling Effect
The conventional stage in Kohlberg's three levels of moral development is based on __________ behavior.
Self-centered
Reena has always believed that there is no single right way to behave and that ethical behavior is dependent on the specific cultural context. Which of the following ethical positions is Reena most likely to support?
Cultural relativism
Which of the following concepts suggests that there is no one right way to behave and ethical behavior is always is always dependent on cultural context?
Cultural relativism
Which of the following refer to well-thought-out personal rules and strategies for ethical behavior?
Ethical Frameworks
Abby's manager has asked her to do something that strongly violates her personal values. Abby is most likely facing an:
Ethical dilemma
Clarissa, an employee at a news corporation, copies some parts of an article by a local author and publishes it as her own work. Later, she tells Lara, her colleague, about her act. Lara believes that she should honor Clarissa's trust and not reveal the matter but is also disturbed by her dishonesty. This incident is most likely to cause __________ for Lara.
Ethical issues
The main reason for the actions of whistleblowers is the praise and recognition that they receive from the companies in which they uncover unethical practices.
False
Values tend to be quite flexible within individuals; therefore, employees can be trained to hold certain values.
False
Cody, a management graduate, is looking for a position as a first-line manager and would like to become the president of a company someday. He knows what he wants to do in the future, but he wants to achieve his goal by working for a firm with a culture that matches his personal values. The route that Cody wants to follow to achieve her goals best reflects __________ values.
Instrumental
Lewis is the manager of the marketing department at his company. Some of his colleagues are also his friends. Lewis often lets his friends violate department policies while insisting that others follow them. Lewis is guilty of not adhering to the __________ view of moral reasoning.
Justice
The belief that ethical behavior treats all people impartially and fairly is called the __________ view.
Justice
The __________ ethical position is most closely associated with ethical imperialism.
Moral Absolutism
If you are going on an international trip and your parents tell you "Don't do anything that you would not do at home," you are being told to practice ___________.
Moral absolutism
Broad beliefs about what is appropriate behavior are called __________.
Values
Which of the following best describes personal beliefs such as honesty and integrity?
Values
Your roommate argues that businesses should focus on the pursuit of profits. Your roommate is prescribing to the __________ view of corporate social responsibility.
classical
Many companies are developing a formal statement of values and standards called a __________.
code of ethics
The phrase "when in Rome, do as the Romans do" reflects the ethical position of __________.
cultural relativism
The highest level of social performance comes through the satisfaction of _______ responsibility.
discretionary
Two key elements of Weber's bureaucracy were fairness and ________.
efficiency
Theory Y would suggest all of these EXCEPT:
employees resist change
The term __________ refers to a situation that might be unethical but offers potential benefits.
ethical dilemma
Some students believe that good grades are obtained through good study habits and some others believe that it can be achieved by getting the "right" test questions. These beliefs are examples of:
instrumental values
The __________ view of corporate social responsibility is that business should focus on making valuable contributions to society, not just making profits.
socioeconomic
Modern management thinking would suggest that ________.
the best answer to what works "depends" on the situation
Pet Products Inc. has been hit hard by the latest recession. The president has ordered a 10% reduction in the workforce across the board. This decision might be justified as ethical on the basis of the __________ approach to moral reasoning.
utilitarian