Problem Set 5

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When hydrogen fuses to helium, what fraction of its mass changes to energy?

0.7%

About how hot is the Sun's core?

1.5 x 10^7 K

The time between one sunspot maximum and the next one is about

11 years

How many times more massive is the Sun than the Earth?

300,000

If 6 kg of mass is changed entirely into energy, how much energy is produced? Give the answer in watt-seconds to two significant figures. You may enter the answer in powers of ten notation by replacing " x10y " by "ey", for example 3.1x108 would be written as 3.1e8 in the answer box.

5.4e+17

Spica, the brightest star in the constellation Virgo, has luminosity 5x1029watt. How much mass does it change to energy each second?

5.6 e12

How much energy does a 100-watt light bulb emit in one minute? Give the answer as a number of watt-seconds.

6000

About how hot is the Sun's photosphere?

6000 K

If a star turns 10^25 kg of matter into energy in one second, how much energy does it produce in that second?

9x10^41 watt-seconds

Neutrinos have never been detected experimentally.

False

Sunspots appear dark because they are hotter than the surrounding gas of the photosphere

False

The density and temperature in the solar corona are much higher than in the photosphere.

False

The proton-proton chain releases energy because mass is created in the process.

False

There are as many absorption lines in the solar spectrum as there are elements present in the Sun.

False

The most abundant element in the Sun is hydrogen.

True

The density of the Sun is closest to that of which of the objects listed below?

a comet

The time between successive sunspot maxima is roughly

a decade

Sunspots are

cooler

Compared to the Sun's corona, its photosphere is

denser and cooler

The primary source of the Sun's energy is

fusion of light nuclei to make heavier ones

The Sun is a stable star in which

gravity balances the force from pressure

The Sun's energy is produced by the fusion of

hydrogen and helium

The Sun spins on its axis roughly once each

month

Compared with Earth's diameter, the Sun's diameter is about

one hundred times larger

The visible light we see from the Sun comes from what part of the Sun?

photosphere

The density of the Sun is closest to the density of

water


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