Progressive Era Terms

Elkins Act

(1903) Outlawed the use of rebates by railroad officials or shippers so that prices for the common people weren't unfairly raised

Meat Inspection Act

(1906) Indirect response to The Jungle...requires that meat processing plants be inspected to ensure the use of good meat and health minded procedures

Pure Food and Drug Act

(1906) Required companies to accurately label the ingredients contained in processed food items

Hepburn Act

(1906) Strengthened the interstate commerce commission, allowing it to set maximum railroad rates.

Federal Reserve Act

(1913) Created 12 district Federal Reserve Banks each able to issue currency and loan member bank funds

18th Amendment

(1919) Ban on sale, manufacture, and transport of alcoholic beverages. Repealed by 21st amendment

Moral Decline

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19th Amendment

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections.

16th Amendment

Amendment to the United States Constitution (1913) gave Congress the power to tax income.

AWSA

American Woman Suffrage Association - Led by Lucy Stone, Endorsed the 15th amendment and considered women's suffrage a natural right

Conservative View

Businesses should not be regulated by government agencies: Laissez - Faire

Assembly Line

Manufacturing process in which each worker does one specialized task in the construction of the final product. - Based off the principles of Frederick Winslow Taylor - First made famous by Henry Ford in 1909

Temperance

Moderation; abstinence from or restraint in the use of alcohol

OSHA

Occupational Safety and Health Administration - a government agency in the Department of Labor to maintain a safe and healthy work environment

Sherman Anti Trust Act

Outlawed the creation of a monopoly by any means, and stated that unions were not subject to anti-trust laws

17th Amendment

Passed in 1913, this amendment to the Constitution calls for the direct election of senators by the voters instead of their election by state legislatures.

Urbanization

People migrating to cities

Trustbuster

Person who works to destroy monopolies and trusts

Laissez Faire Economics

Policies which allowed businesses to operate under minimal government regulation. Provided the predictability and security that businesses and industries needed to encourage investment and growth

Secret Ballot

Privacy booths ensured that citizens can vote without party bosses knowing who for

FEderal Party-in-Power Tactic

Tactic used by Alice Paul's NWP that challenged everyone holding President's office until the other party has to agree with you

City Commissioner Plan

Cities hire experts in different fields to run a single aspect of government: Ex. Sanitation Commissioner

Declaration of Sentiments

declared that all "people are created equal"; used the Declaration of Independence to argue for women's rights

Suffrage

the right to vote

City Manager Plan

A professional city manager is hired to run each department of the city and report to the city council

Recall

Allows voters to petition to have an elected representative removed from office

Social Darwinism

A social application of Charles Darwin's biological theory of evolution by natural selection, this late-nineteenth century theory encouraged the notion of human competition and opposed intervention in the natural human order. Social Darwinists justified the increasing inequality of late-nineteeth-century industrial American society as natural.

Specialization of Labor

Each worker completes a single, specialized task over and over again

EPA

Environmental Protection Agency - an independent federal agency established to coordinate programs aimed at reducing pollution and protecting the environment

Muckraker

Journalist who exposed corruption and other problems of the late 1800s and early 1900s

Seneca Falls Convention

July 19-20 1848 - 200 Women and 40 Men - Ist time women demanded the right to vote - Outcome was the Declaration of Sentiments

NAWSA

National American Woman Suffrage Association - Created in 1890 when the two leading suffragist organizations united and settled the differences...Led by Carrie Champan Catt

NWP

National Woman's Party - Led by "militant" British suffragist Alice Paul - Little patience for "State by State" tactic and started to oppose the federal "party in power"

NWSA

The National Woman Suffrage Association - Headed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, Opposed the 15th amendment and accused abolitionists and Republican supporters of instituting black civil rights at the expense of women's rights

State-by-State Tactic

Tried to acquire rights in each state legislature then use that as leverage on other states

Progressive View

Wanted laws to stop businesses from: 1. Competing in unfair ways. - 2. Provide protection for consumers from the unpleasant affects of industrialization - 3. Provide safer/cleaner/lawful conditions for workers - 4. Women's suffrage - 5. Break up of monopolies

Prohibition

a law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages

Monopoly

exclusive control of a commodity or service in a particular market, or a control that makes possible the manipulation of prices

Progressivism

group of reform movements of the late 1800's that focused on urban problems, such as the plight of workers, poor sanitation, and corrupt political machines