Project Management Final

In the ____ stage of selecting information technology projects, organizations define project scope, benefits, and constraints.

Project Planning

The ____ model uses an approach in which developers work with an evolving prototype

Prototyping Lifecycle

Project management software highlights the critical path in ____ on a network diagram.

Red

The project ____ usually provides the direction and funding for the project.

Sponsor

The limitations of scope, time, and cost goals are sometimes referred to as the ____.

Triple Constraint

A program is "a group of related projects managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits and control not available from managing them individually."

True

____ are the people involved in or affected by project activities and include the project sponsor, project team, support staff, customers, users, suppliers, and even opponents of the project.

Stakeholders

Many people are familiar with SWOT analysis—analyzing Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats—which is used to aid in ____.

Strategic Planning

____ should serve as the foundation for deciding which projects to pursue.

Strategic Planning

In a ____ matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority.

Strong

The ____ focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management.

Structural Frame

____ describes a holistic view of carrying out projects within the context of the organization.

Systems Thinking

Project ____ management involves generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information.

Communications

In a weighted scoring model, the sum of all of the criteria's weights must total ____ percent

100

Projects that address ____ are much more likely to be successful because they will be important to the organization.

Broad Organizational Needs

An organization may initiate information technology projects for several reasons, but the most important reason is to support ____.

Business Objectives

A(n) ____ is a formal, documented process that describes when and how official project documents may be changed.

Change Control System

Project ____ management ensures that the project will satisfy the stated or implied needs for which it was undertaken.

Quality

Stakeholders' needs and expectations are only important in the beginning of a project.

False

The ____ step in the planning process is to tie the information technology strategic plan to the organization's overall strategic plan.

First

In the ____ stage of selecting information technology projects, organizations select information technology projects.

Resource Allocation

A ____ is a hierarchical structure that identifies the project's resources by category and type.

Resource Breakdown Structure

Project ____ management involves defining and managing all the work required to complete the project successfully.

Scope

The ____ model provides for progressive development of operational software, with each release providing added capabilities.

Incremental Build Life Cycle

In the ____ stage, organizations tie information technology strategy to mission and vision of organization and identify key business areas.

Information Technology Strategy Planning

____ is a problem-solving approach that requires defining the scope of the system, dividing it into its components, and then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs.

Systems Analysis

One attribute that helps define a project is that a project has a unique purpose.

True

Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from various functional areas working on their projects.

True

The Adaptive Software Development (ASD) life cycle model assumes that software development follows an adaptive approach because the requirements cannot be clearly expressed early in the life cycle.

True

The same organization can have different subcultures.

True

Using a systems approach is critical to successful project management.

True

An organizational culture with strong unit integration makes the project manager's job more difficult.

False

Because of overlaps in their duties, hardware specialists usually understand the language of database analysts, and vice versa.

False

In the ____, you use a similar project's WBS as a starting point.

Analogy Approach

____ should result in improvements in project performance.

Corrective Actions

____ is a planning process falling under the Project Scope Management knowledge area.

Create WBS

The main outputs of the ____ process are an activity list, activity attributes, and milestone list.

Defining Activities

Project ____ management is concerned with making effective use of the people involved with the project.

Human Resource

____ is a monitoring and controlling process.

Integrated Change Control

Project ____ management is an overarching function that affects and is affected by all of the other knowledge areas.

Integration

____ refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment.

Open-Systems Focus

____ is a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization.

Organizational Culture

____ provide information on how project execution is going.

Performance Reports

The ____ section of the project management plan describes specific methodologies a project might use and explains how to document information.

Technical Process

The ____ provides a basis for creating the project schedule and performing earned value management for measuring and forecasting project performance.

WBS

The ____ model assumes that requirements will remain stable after they are defined.

Waterfall Lifecycle

In a ____, program managers report to the CEO.

project organizational structure

The ____ process involves gaining stakeholder and customer acceptance of the final products and services and bringing the project, or project phase, to an orderly end.

Closing

Administrative activities are often involved in ____, such as archiving project files, closing out contracts, documenting lessons learned, and receiving formal acceptance of the delivered work as part of the phase or project.

Closing Processes

The term ____ describes a product produced as part of a project.

Deliverables

Because a project requires resources, often from various areas, many projects cross ____ or other boundaries to achieve their unique purposes.

Departmental

____ involves working with stakeholders to create the document that formally authorizes a project.

Developing the Project Charter

____ are new requirements imposed by management, government, or some external influence.

Directives

The project communications management knowledge area maps to the ____ process group through the activity of information distribution.

Executing

The project procurement management knowledge area maps to the ____ process group through the activity of conducting procurements.

Executing

____ the project involves taking the actions necessary to ensure that activities in the project plan are completed.

Executing

Examples of ____ include acquiring and developing the project team, performing quality assurance, distributing information, managing stakeholder expectations, and conducting procurements.

Executing Processes

The majority of time on a project is usually spent on ____, as is most of the project's budget.

Execution

A project should be developed using progressive elaboration, starting from specific details and broadening in scope as it progresses.

False

Every project is constrained in different ways by its scope and cost goals; these limitations are sometimes referred to in project management as the double constraint.

False

The ____ focuses on producing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of the people.

Human Resource Frame

During ____ processes for a new project, the organization recognizes that a new project exists, and completes a project charter as part of this recognition.

Initiating

The project integration management knowledge area maps to the ____ process group through the activities of developing project charters.

Initiating

A ____ is a meeting held at the beginning of a project so that stakeholders can meet each other, review the goals of the project, and discuss future plans.

Kick-off Meeting

Many organizations assert that using project management provides advantages, such as ____.

Lower Costs

In early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually ____ and the level of uncertainty is ____.

Lowest;Highest

The first step in determining the NPV is to ____.

determine the estimated costs and benefits for the life of the project and the products it produces

____ involves identifying and documenting the relationships between project activities.

Sequencing Activities

A ____ is a document that includes details related to the identified project stakeholders.

Stakeholder Register

A(n) ____ is a methodology that converts an organization's value drivers, such as customer service, innovation, operational efficiency, and financial performance, to a series of defined metrics.

Balanced Scorecard

In the ____ information technology planning stage, the analysis outlines business processes that are central to achieving strategic goals and helps determine which ones could most benefit from information technology.

Business Area Analysis

External project stakeholders generally include the project sponsor, project team, support staff, and internal customers for the project.

False

It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during earlier phases.

False

Project management is the silver bullet that guarantees success on all projects.

False

Project managers for large information technology projects have to be experts in the field of information technology.

False

Technical and analytical skills guarantee success in project management.

False

There are nine knowledge areas in project management as per the latest PMBOK guideline.

False

In a ____ relationship, one task cannot finish before another finishes.

Finish-to-Finish

Projects involve ____ project management process groups.

Five

A ____ is the hierarchy most people think of when picturing an organizational chart.

Functional Organizational Structure

Project managers have the least amount of authority in a pure ____.

Functional Organizational Structure

In a ____, personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project managers.

Matrix Organizational Structure

The project scope management knowledge area maps to the ____ process group through the activities of scope verification and scope control.

Monitoring and Controlling

The project time management knowledge area maps to the ____ process group through the activity of schedule control.

Monitoring and Controlling

A common ____ is reporting performance, where project stakeholders can identify any necessary changes that may be required to keep the project on track.

Monitoring and Controlling Process

____ analysis is a method of calculating the expected net monetary gain or loss from a project by discounting all expected future cash inflows and outflows to the present point in time.

Net Present Value

In the example of the project of building a house, the project sponsors would be the potential ____.

New Home Owners

Just as passing the CPA exam is a standard for accountants, passing the ____ exam is becoming a standard for project managers.

PMP

The ____ characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization.

People Focus

The outputs of ____ include change request status updates, project management plan updates, and project document updates.

Performing Integrated Change Control

The project cost management knowledge area maps to the ____ process group through the activities of estimating costs and budget determination.

Planning

____ is crucial in information technology projects because once a project team implements a new system, it takes a considerable amount of effort to change the system.

Planning

____ include devising and maintaining a workable scheme to ensure that the project addresses the organization's needs.

Planning Processes

The ____ assumes that organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups.

Political Frame

PMI provides certification as a Project Management ____ (PMP), someone who has documented sufficient project experience and education, agreed to follow the PMI code of professional conduct, and demonstrated knowledge of the field of project management by passing a comprehensive examination.

Professional

A(n) ____ is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management.

Project Charter

A ____ is a collection of project phases

Project Life Cycle

A(n) ____ is a document used to coordinate all project planning documents and help guide a project's execution and control.

Project Management Plan

A ____ can have many different job descriptions, which can vary tremendously based on the organization and the project.

Project Manager

Project managers have the most authority in a pure ____.

Project Organizational Structure