Project Management Final
In the ____ stage of selecting information technology projects, organizations define project scope, benefits, and constraints.
Project Planning
The ____ model uses an approach in which developers work with an evolving prototype
Prototyping Lifecycle
Project management software highlights the critical path in ____ on a network diagram.
Red
The project ____ usually provides the direction and funding for the project.
Sponsor
The limitations of scope, time, and cost goals are sometimes referred to as the ____.
Triple Constraint
A program is "a group of related projects managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits and control not available from managing them individually."
True
____ are the people involved in or affected by project activities and include the project sponsor, project team, support staff, customers, users, suppliers, and even opponents of the project.
Stakeholders
Many people are familiar with SWOT analysis—analyzing Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats—which is used to aid in ____.
Strategic Planning
____ should serve as the foundation for deciding which projects to pursue.
Strategic Planning
In a ____ matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority.
Strong
The ____ focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management.
Structural Frame
____ describes a holistic view of carrying out projects within the context of the organization.
Systems Thinking
Project ____ management involves generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information.
Communications
In a weighted scoring model, the sum of all of the criteria's weights must total ____ percent
100
Projects that address ____ are much more likely to be successful because they will be important to the organization.
Broad Organizational Needs
An organization may initiate information technology projects for several reasons, but the most important reason is to support ____.
Business Objectives
A(n) ____ is a formal, documented process that describes when and how official project documents may be changed.
Change Control System
Project ____ management ensures that the project will satisfy the stated or implied needs for which it was undertaken.
Quality
Stakeholders' needs and expectations are only important in the beginning of a project.
False
The ____ step in the planning process is to tie the information technology strategic plan to the organization's overall strategic plan.
First
In the ____ stage of selecting information technology projects, organizations select information technology projects.
Resource Allocation
A ____ is a hierarchical structure that identifies the project's resources by category and type.
Resource Breakdown Structure
Project ____ management involves defining and managing all the work required to complete the project successfully.
Scope
The ____ model provides for progressive development of operational software, with each release providing added capabilities.
Incremental Build Life Cycle
In the ____ stage, organizations tie information technology strategy to mission and vision of organization and identify key business areas.
Information Technology Strategy Planning
____ is a problem-solving approach that requires defining the scope of the system, dividing it into its components, and then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs.
Systems Analysis
One attribute that helps define a project is that a project has a unique purpose.
True
Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from various functional areas working on their projects.
True
The Adaptive Software Development (ASD) life cycle model assumes that software development follows an adaptive approach because the requirements cannot be clearly expressed early in the life cycle.
True
The same organization can have different subcultures.
True
Using a systems approach is critical to successful project management.
True
An organizational culture with strong unit integration makes the project manager's job more difficult.
False
Because of overlaps in their duties, hardware specialists usually understand the language of database analysts, and vice versa.
False
In the ____, you use a similar project's WBS as a starting point.
Analogy Approach
____ should result in improvements in project performance.
Corrective Actions
____ is a planning process falling under the Project Scope Management knowledge area.
Create WBS
The main outputs of the ____ process are an activity list, activity attributes, and milestone list.
Defining Activities
Project ____ management is concerned with making effective use of the people involved with the project.
Human Resource
____ is a monitoring and controlling process.
Integrated Change Control
Project ____ management is an overarching function that affects and is affected by all of the other knowledge areas.
Integration
____ refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment.
Open-Systems Focus
____ is a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization.
Organizational Culture
____ provide information on how project execution is going.
Performance Reports
The ____ section of the project management plan describes specific methodologies a project might use and explains how to document information.
Technical Process
The ____ provides a basis for creating the project schedule and performing earned value management for measuring and forecasting project performance.
WBS
The ____ model assumes that requirements will remain stable after they are defined.
Waterfall Lifecycle
In a ____, program managers report to the CEO.
project organizational structure
The ____ process involves gaining stakeholder and customer acceptance of the final products and services and bringing the project, or project phase, to an orderly end.
Closing
Administrative activities are often involved in ____, such as archiving project files, closing out contracts, documenting lessons learned, and receiving formal acceptance of the delivered work as part of the phase or project.
Closing Processes
The term ____ describes a product produced as part of a project.
Deliverables
Because a project requires resources, often from various areas, many projects cross ____ or other boundaries to achieve their unique purposes.
Departmental
____ involves working with stakeholders to create the document that formally authorizes a project.
Developing the Project Charter
____ are new requirements imposed by management, government, or some external influence.
Directives
The project communications management knowledge area maps to the ____ process group through the activity of information distribution.
Executing
The project procurement management knowledge area maps to the ____ process group through the activity of conducting procurements.
Executing
____ the project involves taking the actions necessary to ensure that activities in the project plan are completed.
Executing
Examples of ____ include acquiring and developing the project team, performing quality assurance, distributing information, managing stakeholder expectations, and conducting procurements.
Executing Processes
The majority of time on a project is usually spent on ____, as is most of the project's budget.
Execution
A project should be developed using progressive elaboration, starting from specific details and broadening in scope as it progresses.
False
Every project is constrained in different ways by its scope and cost goals; these limitations are sometimes referred to in project management as the double constraint.
False
The ____ focuses on producing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of the people.
Human Resource Frame
During ____ processes for a new project, the organization recognizes that a new project exists, and completes a project charter as part of this recognition.
Initiating
The project integration management knowledge area maps to the ____ process group through the activities of developing project charters.
Initiating
A ____ is a meeting held at the beginning of a project so that stakeholders can meet each other, review the goals of the project, and discuss future plans.
Kick-off Meeting
Many organizations assert that using project management provides advantages, such as ____.
Lower Costs
In early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually ____ and the level of uncertainty is ____.
Lowest;Highest
The first step in determining the NPV is to ____.
determine the estimated costs and benefits for the life of the project and the products it produces
____ involves identifying and documenting the relationships between project activities.
Sequencing Activities
A ____ is a document that includes details related to the identified project stakeholders.
Stakeholder Register
A(n) ____ is a methodology that converts an organization's value drivers, such as customer service, innovation, operational efficiency, and financial performance, to a series of defined metrics.
Balanced Scorecard
In the ____ information technology planning stage, the analysis outlines business processes that are central to achieving strategic goals and helps determine which ones could most benefit from information technology.
Business Area Analysis
External project stakeholders generally include the project sponsor, project team, support staff, and internal customers for the project.
False
It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during earlier phases.
False
Project management is the silver bullet that guarantees success on all projects.
False
Project managers for large information technology projects have to be experts in the field of information technology.
False
Technical and analytical skills guarantee success in project management.
False
There are nine knowledge areas in project management as per the latest PMBOK guideline.
False
In a ____ relationship, one task cannot finish before another finishes.
Finish-to-Finish
Projects involve ____ project management process groups.
Five
A ____ is the hierarchy most people think of when picturing an organizational chart.
Functional Organizational Structure
Project managers have the least amount of authority in a pure ____.
Functional Organizational Structure
In a ____, personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project managers.
Matrix Organizational Structure
The project scope management knowledge area maps to the ____ process group through the activities of scope verification and scope control.
Monitoring and Controlling
The project time management knowledge area maps to the ____ process group through the activity of schedule control.
Monitoring and Controlling
A common ____ is reporting performance, where project stakeholders can identify any necessary changes that may be required to keep the project on track.
Monitoring and Controlling Process
____ analysis is a method of calculating the expected net monetary gain or loss from a project by discounting all expected future cash inflows and outflows to the present point in time.
Net Present Value
In the example of the project of building a house, the project sponsors would be the potential ____.
New Home Owners
Just as passing the CPA exam is a standard for accountants, passing the ____ exam is becoming a standard for project managers.
PMP
The ____ characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization.
People Focus
The outputs of ____ include change request status updates, project management plan updates, and project document updates.
Performing Integrated Change Control
The project cost management knowledge area maps to the ____ process group through the activities of estimating costs and budget determination.
Planning
____ is crucial in information technology projects because once a project team implements a new system, it takes a considerable amount of effort to change the system.
Planning
____ include devising and maintaining a workable scheme to ensure that the project addresses the organization's needs.
Planning Processes
The ____ assumes that organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups.
Political Frame
PMI provides certification as a Project Management ____ (PMP), someone who has documented sufficient project experience and education, agreed to follow the PMI code of professional conduct, and demonstrated knowledge of the field of project management by passing a comprehensive examination.
Professional
A(n) ____ is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management.
Project Charter
A ____ is a collection of project phases
Project Life Cycle
A(n) ____ is a document used to coordinate all project planning documents and help guide a project's execution and control.
Project Management Plan
A ____ can have many different job descriptions, which can vary tremendously based on the organization and the project.
Project Manager
Project managers have the most authority in a pure ____.
Project Organizational Structure
