Prostate Cancer

What should you teach the pt to avoid?

1. Cigarette smoking 2. Alcohol 3. Toxins

PSA levels are higher in what conditions?

1. BPH 2. Prostatitis 3. Prostate cancer (very high)

Nutritional habits to decrease risk of prostate cancer?

1. Eat more fish instead of red meat 2. Eat more fruits esp lycopene (tomatoes, watermelon, grapefruit, papaya) 3. Eat more vegatables, esp califlower, broccoli, kale, cabbage

Side effects of Lupron

1. Hot flashes 2. ED 3. Decreased libido 4. Gynecomastia in some men *These drugs can also cause osteoporosis

Side-effects of a Radical prostactectomy are?

1. Incontience 2. Impotence

Side-effects of Brachytherapy

1. Incontinence 2. ED 3. Rectal problems 4. Fatigue (can last several months after surgery) In a small amount of cases.

Age group and race with the greatest risk for developing prostate cancer?

1. Men older than 65 2. African American men at an earlier age

Common sites of metastasis from prostate cancer?

1. Nearby lymph nodes 2. Bones (pelvis, sacrum, and lumbar spine) 3. Lungs 4. Liver

Produces PSA

1. Prostate (mostly) 2. Small intestines 3. Breast 4. Salivary glands

Age men who have multiple first degree relatives at an early age with prostate cancer should begin having an annual DRE?

40 years old

Age men who are at a higher risk for prostate cancer or have A first degree relative with prostate cancer should begin having an annual DRE?

45 years old

Age that all men should begin having an annual DRE?

50 years old

How long does it take for a PSA to decrease after a prostatectomy?

A few days after, an increase several weeks after indicates that the disease has reoccurred.

A PSA should always be done with a...?

DRE

Stage 1 of Prostate Cancer

Discovered with PSA, asymptomatic

Lupron

Drug that stimulates the pituitary gland to release LH and after about 3 weeks the pituitary runs out of LH thus decreasing testosterone production by the testes

When are most early prostate cancers diagnosed?

During a routine exam or when a patient is being treated for BPH.

Where do most prostate glands arise from?

Epithelial cells on the posterior lobe or outer portion of the the prostate.

Most common clinical manifestation of prostate cancer in it's late stage is?

Gross hematuria

Common Nursing Diagnosis for Prostate Cancer pts.

Impaired Urinary Elimination related to urinary tract infection caused by bladder obstruction.

When is cryotherapy used?

In patients in which it is known that the cancer is only in the prostate. It is associated with high risk of incontinence and ED.

A procedure that uses low dose seeds directly into or around the prostate gland is..?

Internal radiation therapy (Brachytherapy)

Normal level of PSA in men is..

Less than 4ng

A prostate that is stony hard with palpable irregularities and induration is usually associated with...

Malignant tumors

Watchful waiting period

Men are monitored with PSA and DRE testing

Stage 4 of Prostate Cancer

Metastasized

What diagnostic test should be done first for prostate cancer?

PSA Should be drawn BEFORE the DRE because the DRE can cause and increase in PSA due to prostatic irritation.

Stage 2 of Prostate Cancer

Palpated during exam

Stage 3 of Prostate Cancer

Spread

What should you tell the pt worried about radiation from Brachytherapy?

The dose of radiation is so low it will not affect him or those around him.

When might chemotherapy be used in prostate cancer?

When the cancer spreads or other methods aren't working.