Proteins and Fats

hydrogenation

a chemical process that turns vegetable oils into solids

cholesterol

a fat-like substance present in all body cells; needed for many essential body processes

triglycerides

a type of lipid, commonly called fats, that are important to nutrition.

lipids or triglycerides

also known as fats

essential amino acids

amino acids your body needs but can't make for itself

excess protein

broken down and stored as fat and can become harmful

lipoproteins

chemical "packages" that transport fats and proteins through the bloodstream

hormones

chemical messengers that help regulate conditions in the body

saturated fatty acids

contains all the hydrogen--solid at room temperature (butter, meat)

invisible fat

fat that cannot be seen but is a part of the foods chemical composition (egg yolk, nuts, whole milk, baked goods, avocados)

visible fat

fat you can see on food; the white portion around meat and through meat

Complete proteins

from animal sources, they contain all of the essential amino acids

Incomplete proteins

from plant sources, they are missing one or more of the essential amino acids

enzymes

help chemical reactions in the cells of the body

DNA

in every cell your body and contains genetic information

omega-3 fatty acid

lowers the risk of heart disease--found in fish oils, flax seed, walnuts, commercial vitamins

monounsaturated fatty acid

missing one hydrogen--liquid at room temperature (corn oil, olive oil) may lower cholesterol

polyunsaturated fatty acid

missing two or more hydrogens--liquid at room temperature (plan oils) appears to be lower in LDL and may raise HDL

Protein

one of the 6 nutrients taht contribute to growth and development.

hemoglobin

protein with a globular shape that transports oxygen in the blood

antibodies

proteins that fight invaders (immune system)

22

the amount of amino acids that have been identified in protein foods

1/5

the amount of total body weight that is made up of proteins

low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

the bad cholesterol; builds up in the artery walls, linked to heart disease and stroke; comes from animal fat

amino acids

the chemical building blocks that make up proteins

sterols

the fat-like substance cholesterol

high-density lipoprotein

the good cholesterol; picks up excess cholesterol and takes it back to the liver for excretion; comes from plant sources

protein-energy malnutrition

the leading form of malnutrition in the world: in underdeveloped countries, people with eating disorders, or drug addiction

10-30

the percentage of calories that health expert recommend teens get from protein each day

25-35

the percentage recommended that teens get their calories from fat

proteins are made

when amino acids chain together

protein digestion

your body breaks down the protein in food into amino acids, then the amino acids can be reassembled as human body proteins