Proteins and Fats
hydrogenation
a chemical process that turns vegetable oils into solids
cholesterol
a fat-like substance present in all body cells; needed for many essential body processes
triglycerides
a type of lipid, commonly called fats, that are important to nutrition.
lipids or triglycerides
also known as fats
essential amino acids
amino acids your body needs but can't make for itself
excess protein
broken down and stored as fat and can become harmful
lipoproteins
chemical "packages" that transport fats and proteins through the bloodstream
hormones
chemical messengers that help regulate conditions in the body
saturated fatty acids
contains all the hydrogen--solid at room temperature (butter, meat)
invisible fat
fat that cannot be seen but is a part of the foods chemical composition (egg yolk, nuts, whole milk, baked goods, avocados)
visible fat
fat you can see on food; the white portion around meat and through meat
Complete proteins
from animal sources, they contain all of the essential amino acids
Incomplete proteins
from plant sources, they are missing one or more of the essential amino acids
enzymes
help chemical reactions in the cells of the body
DNA
in every cell your body and contains genetic information
omega-3 fatty acid
lowers the risk of heart disease--found in fish oils, flax seed, walnuts, commercial vitamins
monounsaturated fatty acid
missing one hydrogen--liquid at room temperature (corn oil, olive oil) may lower cholesterol
polyunsaturated fatty acid
missing two or more hydrogens--liquid at room temperature (plan oils) appears to be lower in LDL and may raise HDL
Protein
one of the 6 nutrients taht contribute to growth and development.
hemoglobin
protein with a globular shape that transports oxygen in the blood
antibodies
proteins that fight invaders (immune system)
22
the amount of amino acids that have been identified in protein foods
1/5
the amount of total body weight that is made up of proteins
low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
the bad cholesterol; builds up in the artery walls, linked to heart disease and stroke; comes from animal fat
amino acids
the chemical building blocks that make up proteins
sterols
the fat-like substance cholesterol
high-density lipoprotein
the good cholesterol; picks up excess cholesterol and takes it back to the liver for excretion; comes from plant sources
protein-energy malnutrition
the leading form of malnutrition in the world: in underdeveloped countries, people with eating disorders, or drug addiction
10-30
the percentage of calories that health expert recommend teens get from protein each day
25-35
the percentage recommended that teens get their calories from fat
proteins are made
when amino acids chain together
protein digestion
your body breaks down the protein in food into amino acids, then the amino acids can be reassembled as human body proteins