Proteins Learn SMart #7
Humans are considered
-omnivores -able to eat plants and animals
which of the following are common signs and symptoms of food allergies?
-swollen or itchy lips -difficulty swallowing -scaly skin rash
possible disadvantages of plant-based diet include food intakes low in
-vitamin B-12 -iron -calcium
What is a healthy adult's RDA for protein
0.8 g/kg/ of body weight
What is the RDA protein for a typical (154 lb.) mean
56 grams
edema refers to
a buildup of fluid in the spaces between cells
Choose the nutrient class that is most important.
all nutrient classes are of equal importance
The end product of protein digestion is:
amino acids
Collagen
cartilage, ligament, and bone tissue
peptide bond
chemical attraction that connects two amino acids together
the process of removing the nitrogen-containing group from an unneeded amino acid is called:
deamination
when many amino acids are bonded together it is called a polypeptide. What is formed when two amino acids bond and a molecule of water is released in the process?
dipeptide
ovovegetarian
eats eggs but no other animal food
lactoovegetarian
eats milk and milk products and eggs but no other animal foods
What is the name of compounds that speed up chemical reactions without becoming part of the products?
enzymes
animal proteins are a good source of all nine ___ amino acids
essential
there are nine ___ amino acids that cannot be produced by the body and must be consumed as part of our diet
essential
Which of the following cannot be synthesized by human in sufficient amounts and must be included in the diet?
essential amino acid
t;f fats and carbohydrates are rarely used to meet energy needs
false
Poor sources of protein are ____.
fruits
incorrect mRNA production and incorrect polypeptide chain production both result from an error in the ___ code.
genetic
Keratin
hair, nails, and skin
___-protein diets lead to increased urine output which, in turn, poses a risk for dehydration
high
Which type of diet poses an increased risk for dehydration?
high-protein
What type of physician specializes in the treatment and diagnosis of allergies?
immunologist
Research shows that a high-protein diet may ____ calcium loss in urine
increase
A(n) ____ is a part of a plant family with pods that contain a single rows of seeds. ex: peanuts, garden peas, and lentils
legumes
The study of how a person's genetic makeup influences the way their body reacts to food is called
nutrigenetics
The study of how the nutrients and other components in food can affect gene expression is called
nutrigenomics
The branch of science that studies the interactions between gene functioning, dietary choices and the environment is called ____ _____.
nutrition genomics
A vegan, or total vegetarian, eats:
only plant foods
a protein in red blood cells, hemoglobin is compromised of four polypeptide chains coiled together. This shape makes hemoglobin very good at transporting ___.
oxygen
a(n) __ protein balance occurs when a person consumes more protein daily than he or she loses
positive
amino acids are the building blocks of
proteins
The ___ of a protein is characteristic of its function
shape
peptides
small chains of amino acids
A(n) ____ is a 'total vegetarian' who eats only plant foods and does not use animal products for any other purposes.
vegan
which of the following occurs when a person consumes less protein than what is needed?
negative protein balance
the purpose of ___ is to transfer the DNA code from the cell's nucleus to the cytoplasm so that protein synthesis can occur
mRNA
there are a total of ___ essential amino acids and eleven nonessential amino acids that the body needs in order to function
nine
Which of the following cells do not contain protein?
none, all cells contain some protein
A(n) __ amino acid is one that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts.
nonessential
23 grams of protein
3 oz. serving ground beef
1 gram of protein
-3 oz. serving of broccoli -3 oz. serving of carrots
Which of the following is true about deamination?
-a process of removing the nitrogen-containing group from an unneeded amino acid -once the nitrogen is removed, the remaining amino acid is a carbon skeleton -occurs primarily in the liver
Your body makes proteins by following information coded in your
-deoxyribonucleic acid - DNA
Nutritional genomics studies the interactions between gene functioning and
-environment -dietary choices
A(n) ____ amino acids cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts, or at all, and must be included in the diet
-essential -indispensable
Consumers who utilize at home genetic tests should
-first consult their physician -use caution when interpreting their results
Which of the following are examples of processed meat products?
-ham -sausage -bacon
Which of the following are advantages of a vegetarian diet
-high fiber -high in phytochemicals -low saturated fat and cholesterol
Forms of PEM include
-kwashiorkor -marasmus
which protein type lacks one or more of the essential amino acids
-low-quality protein -incomplete
Which of the following foods are considered to have high-quality protein
-meat -fish -poultry -eggs -milk -eggs
Rank the basic steps of protein synthesis
1. DNA unwinds exposing a genes 2. the gene undergoes transcription, forming messenger RNA 3. mRNA transfers the information from the nucleus to ribosomes 4. the ribosomes 'read' the messenger RNA 5. RNA molecules conveys a particular amino acid to the ribosome 6. at the ribosome, the amino acid attaches to the peptide chain
place the following foods in order beginning with the food that contains the most protein and ending with the food that contains the least protein
1. chicken breast (4 ounce) 2. tune (4 ounce) 3. banana (one) 4. peanut butter (2 tbsp)
rank the correct order for the steps of urea production and removal
1. deamination results in the production of ammonia 2. liver converts ammonia to urea 3. urea is released into the blood 4. kidneys pick up urea and eliminate it in the urine
lactovegetarian
Eats milk and milk products but no animal flesh or eggs
which of the following are true about complete protein sources? select all that apply
-most foods of animal origin are sources of complete protein -supplies are nine essential amino acids
Rank in order the steps involved in the digestion of protein beginning in the stomach
1. denaturation by stomach acid and partial digestion by pepsin 2. the pancreas secretes protein-splitting enzymes 3. final digestion occurs within absorptive cells 4. amino acids enter the portal vein and travel to the liver 5. rectum: very little dietary protein is excreted in feces
Put the processes of protein digestion in correct order from start to finish.
1. digested proteins move from the stomach into the small intestine 2. Further digestion occurs as the pancreas secretes protein-splitting enzymes, including trypsin 3. Final digestion occurs within absorptive cells 4. Amino acids enter the portal vein and travel to the liver
T;F tRNA is responsible for transferring DNA from the cell's nucleus to the cytoplasm
false -its responsible for bringing specific amino acids to the ribosomes as needed during protein synthesis
During protein synthesis, the mRNA moves to the ____ after leaving the nucleus
ribosomes
the amino acid pool is an ___ source of nitrogen
endogenous
the body obtains about two-thirds of its amino acid supply from ___ sources
endogenous
diets that contain low-quality ____ can result in poor growth, slow recovery from illness, and even death
protein
polypeptides
proteins comprised of 2 or more amino acids
allergic reaction can result in
anaphylactic shock