Proteins Learn SMart #7

Humans are considered

-omnivores -able to eat plants and animals

which of the following are common signs and symptoms of food allergies?

-swollen or itchy lips -difficulty swallowing -scaly skin rash

possible disadvantages of plant-based diet include food intakes low in

-vitamin B-12 -iron -calcium

What is a healthy adult's RDA for protein

0.8 g/kg/ of body weight

What is the RDA protein for a typical (154 lb.) mean

56 grams

edema refers to

a buildup of fluid in the spaces between cells

Choose the nutrient class that is most important.

all nutrient classes are of equal importance

The end product of protein digestion is:

amino acids

Collagen

cartilage, ligament, and bone tissue

peptide bond

chemical attraction that connects two amino acids together

the process of removing the nitrogen-containing group from an unneeded amino acid is called:

deamination

when many amino acids are bonded together it is called a polypeptide. What is formed when two amino acids bond and a molecule of water is released in the process?

dipeptide

ovovegetarian

eats eggs but no other animal food

lactoovegetarian

eats milk and milk products and eggs but no other animal foods

What is the name of compounds that speed up chemical reactions without becoming part of the products?

enzymes

animal proteins are a good source of all nine ___ amino acids

essential

there are nine ___ amino acids that cannot be produced by the body and must be consumed as part of our diet

essential

Which of the following cannot be synthesized by human in sufficient amounts and must be included in the diet?

essential amino acid

t;f fats and carbohydrates are rarely used to meet energy needs

false

Poor sources of protein are ____.

fruits

incorrect mRNA production and incorrect polypeptide chain production both result from an error in the ___ code.

genetic

Keratin

hair, nails, and skin

___-protein diets lead to increased urine output which, in turn, poses a risk for dehydration

high

Which type of diet poses an increased risk for dehydration?

high-protein

What type of physician specializes in the treatment and diagnosis of allergies?

immunologist

Research shows that a high-protein diet may ____ calcium loss in urine

increase

A(n) ____ is a part of a plant family with pods that contain a single rows of seeds. ex: peanuts, garden peas, and lentils

legumes

The study of how a person's genetic makeup influences the way their body reacts to food is called

nutrigenetics

The study of how the nutrients and other components in food can affect gene expression is called

nutrigenomics

The branch of science that studies the interactions between gene functioning, dietary choices and the environment is called ____ _____.

nutrition genomics

A vegan, or total vegetarian, eats:

only plant foods

a protein in red blood cells, hemoglobin is compromised of four polypeptide chains coiled together. This shape makes hemoglobin very good at transporting ___.

oxygen

a(n) __ protein balance occurs when a person consumes more protein daily than he or she loses

positive

amino acids are the building blocks of

proteins

The ___ of a protein is characteristic of its function

shape

peptides

small chains of amino acids

A(n) ____ is a 'total vegetarian' who eats only plant foods and does not use animal products for any other purposes.

vegan

which of the following occurs when a person consumes less protein than what is needed?

negative protein balance

the purpose of ___ is to transfer the DNA code from the cell's nucleus to the cytoplasm so that protein synthesis can occur

mRNA

there are a total of ___ essential amino acids and eleven nonessential amino acids that the body needs in order to function

nine

Which of the following cells do not contain protein?

none, all cells contain some protein

A(n) __ amino acid is one that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts.

nonessential

23 grams of protein

3 oz. serving ground beef

1 gram of protein

-3 oz. serving of broccoli -3 oz. serving of carrots

Which of the following is true about deamination?

-a process of removing the nitrogen-containing group from an unneeded amino acid -once the nitrogen is removed, the remaining amino acid is a carbon skeleton -occurs primarily in the liver

Your body makes proteins by following information coded in your

-deoxyribonucleic acid - DNA

Nutritional genomics studies the interactions between gene functioning and

-environment -dietary choices

A(n) ____ amino acids cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts, or at all, and must be included in the diet

-essential -indispensable

Consumers who utilize at home genetic tests should

-first consult their physician -use caution when interpreting their results

Which of the following are examples of processed meat products?

-ham -sausage -bacon

Which of the following are advantages of a vegetarian diet

-high fiber -high in phytochemicals -low saturated fat and cholesterol

Forms of PEM include

-kwashiorkor -marasmus

which protein type lacks one or more of the essential amino acids

-low-quality protein -incomplete

Which of the following foods are considered to have high-quality protein

-meat -fish -poultry -eggs -milk -eggs

Rank the basic steps of protein synthesis

1. DNA unwinds exposing a genes 2. the gene undergoes transcription, forming messenger RNA 3. mRNA transfers the information from the nucleus to ribosomes 4. the ribosomes 'read' the messenger RNA 5. RNA molecules conveys a particular amino acid to the ribosome 6. at the ribosome, the amino acid attaches to the peptide chain

place the following foods in order beginning with the food that contains the most protein and ending with the food that contains the least protein

1. chicken breast (4 ounce) 2. tune (4 ounce) 3. banana (one) 4. peanut butter (2 tbsp)

rank the correct order for the steps of urea production and removal

1. deamination results in the production of ammonia 2. liver converts ammonia to urea 3. urea is released into the blood 4. kidneys pick up urea and eliminate it in the urine

lactovegetarian

Eats milk and milk products but no animal flesh or eggs

which of the following are true about complete protein sources? select all that apply

-most foods of animal origin are sources of complete protein -supplies are nine essential amino acids

Rank in order the steps involved in the digestion of protein beginning in the stomach

1. denaturation by stomach acid and partial digestion by pepsin 2. the pancreas secretes protein-splitting enzymes 3. final digestion occurs within absorptive cells 4. amino acids enter the portal vein and travel to the liver 5. rectum: very little dietary protein is excreted in feces

Put the processes of protein digestion in correct order from start to finish.

1. digested proteins move from the stomach into the small intestine 2. Further digestion occurs as the pancreas secretes protein-splitting enzymes, including trypsin 3. Final digestion occurs within absorptive cells 4. Amino acids enter the portal vein and travel to the liver

T;F tRNA is responsible for transferring DNA from the cell's nucleus to the cytoplasm

false -its responsible for bringing specific amino acids to the ribosomes as needed during protein synthesis

During protein synthesis, the mRNA moves to the ____ after leaving the nucleus

ribosomes

the amino acid pool is an ___ source of nitrogen

endogenous

the body obtains about two-thirds of its amino acid supply from ___ sources

endogenous

diets that contain low-quality ____ can result in poor growth, slow recovery from illness, and even death

protein

polypeptides

proteins comprised of 2 or more amino acids

allergic reaction can result in

anaphylactic shock