Protists
Which of the following diseases is caused by a Euglenid protist?
sleeping sickness
Protists that have both a plasmodial and cellular form are
slime molds
Protists are mostly___cellular
uni, some multi
Protists are associated with ___
water
phytoplankton are base of food chain, and ___ of global photosynthesis
1/2
Protists were the earliest prokaryotes, came about __ bya
2
Chromalveolates broken into 3 groups
Alveolates: -Dinoflagellates: 1. Phytoplankton 2. shell w/ 3 flagella (spins) 3. create toxins and red tides 4. symbionts w/ corals -Apicomplexans: 1. parasitic (Plasmodium--causes Malaria) (Sporozoites-infectious cells) Ciliates: fresh water, cilia to move, oral groove to move food, anal pore for waste product ejection eg paramecium Stramenophiles: hairs on flagella -Diatoms: have shells, plentiful in plankton -Golden Algae: -Brown Algae: seaweeds, largest seaweeds, holdfasts help them stick to things, kelp forests -Water molds: parasitic, no chloroplasts, decomposers, downy mildews
Which of the following is NOT found in Euglena?
Cilia
Achaeplastida
Descended from ancient protist that engulfed a cyanobacterium which became a chloroplast Red Algae: -some are seaweeds, accessory pigment makes red, sushi wrap Green Algae: -ancestors of green plants -most in freshwater -live with coral and fungi (lichens)
Excavata is broken into 3 groups
Diplomonads: modified mitochondria, 2 haploid nuclei, flagella eg. Giardia-waterborne parasite Parabasilids: reduced mitochondria, flagella eg. Trichomonas vaginalis-sexually transmitted disease Euglenozoans: flagella have crystallized rod eg. Euglena, Trypanosoma-african sleeping sickness, chaga
5 super groups of eukaryotes:
Excavata, Chromalveolates, Rhizaria, Achaeplastida, Unikonts protists found in each
Unikonts
Have animals and fungi too. Amoebozoans: have lobed pseudopodia -Slime molds: not related to fungi, -plasmodial slime mold: colorful, diploid -cellular slime mold: haploid, colony of cells -amoebas: free living and parasites (dysentery)
Endosymbiosis gave rise to
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
Reason why they are not a single kingdom
No common ancestor among them, many groups of protists deserve kingdom status
Organisms that we call Protists can be found in each of the 5 supergroups of eukaryotes.
True
Plasmodium, which causes malaria, is a member of which group?
apicomplexans
Kelp species are members of what group?
brown algae
Paramecium is a member of what group?
cilliates
Ciliates can exchange genetic material with other ciliates by
conjugation
dormant stage of a protist
cyst
Multicellular photosynthetic protists that have a 2-piece glass-like shell and are very abundant in the surface waters are
diatoms
Red tide is caused by
dinoflagellates
In the alternation of generations a sporophyte is _____ and produces _______.
diploid, spores
Protists with threadlike pseudopodia that have calcium carbonate shells and are very abundant in the fossil record
foraminifera
Rhizaria
have threadlike pseudopodia--cellular extensions for movement or feeding forminifera: -marine -have shells made of calcium carbonate -abundant in fossil record radiolarians: -mostly marine -have skeletons made of silica
Secondary endosymbiosis is the result of a _____, _____, organism engulfing _______.
heterotrophic, eukaryote, a red or green algae
Many of the members of the Chromalveolates have
plastids originating from a red alga