Protists

Which of the following diseases is caused by a Euglenid protist?

sleeping sickness

Protists that have both a plasmodial and cellular form are

slime molds

Protists are mostly___cellular

uni, some multi

Protists are associated with ___

water

phytoplankton are base of food chain, and ___ of global photosynthesis

1/2

Protists were the earliest prokaryotes, came about __ bya

2

Chromalveolates broken into 3 groups

Alveolates: -Dinoflagellates: 1. Phytoplankton 2. shell w/ 3 flagella (spins) 3. create toxins and red tides 4. symbionts w/ corals -Apicomplexans: 1. parasitic (Plasmodium--causes Malaria) (Sporozoites-infectious cells) Ciliates: fresh water, cilia to move, oral groove to move food, anal pore for waste product ejection eg paramecium Stramenophiles: hairs on flagella -Diatoms: have shells, plentiful in plankton -Golden Algae: -Brown Algae: seaweeds, largest seaweeds, holdfasts help them stick to things, kelp forests -Water molds: parasitic, no chloroplasts, decomposers, downy mildews

Which of the following is NOT found in Euglena?

Cilia

Achaeplastida

Descended from ancient protist that engulfed a cyanobacterium which became a chloroplast Red Algae: -some are seaweeds, accessory pigment makes red, sushi wrap Green Algae: -ancestors of green plants -most in freshwater -live with coral and fungi (lichens)

Excavata is broken into 3 groups

Diplomonads: modified mitochondria, 2 haploid nuclei, flagella eg. Giardia-waterborne parasite Parabasilids: reduced mitochondria, flagella eg. Trichomonas vaginalis-sexually transmitted disease Euglenozoans: flagella have crystallized rod eg. Euglena, Trypanosoma-african sleeping sickness, chaga

5 super groups of eukaryotes:

Excavata, Chromalveolates, Rhizaria, Achaeplastida, Unikonts protists found in each

Unikonts

Have animals and fungi too. Amoebozoans: have lobed pseudopodia -Slime molds: not related to fungi, -plasmodial slime mold: colorful, diploid -cellular slime mold: haploid, colony of cells -amoebas: free living and parasites (dysentery)

Endosymbiosis gave rise to

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Reason why they are not a single kingdom

No common ancestor among them, many groups of protists deserve kingdom status

Organisms that we call Protists can be found in each of the 5 supergroups of eukaryotes.

True

Plasmodium, which causes malaria, is a member of which group?

apicomplexans

Kelp species are members of what group?

brown algae

Paramecium is a member of what group?

cilliates

Ciliates can exchange genetic material with other ciliates by

conjugation

dormant stage of a protist

cyst

Multicellular photosynthetic protists that have a 2-piece glass-like shell and are very abundant in the surface waters are

diatoms

Red tide is caused by

dinoflagellates

In the alternation of generations a sporophyte is _____ and produces _______.

diploid, spores

Protists with threadlike pseudopodia that have calcium carbonate shells and are very abundant in the fossil record

foraminifera

Rhizaria

have threadlike pseudopodia--cellular extensions for movement or feeding forminifera: -marine -have shells made of calcium carbonate -abundant in fossil record radiolarians: -mostly marine -have skeletons made of silica

Secondary endosymbiosis is the result of a _____, _____, organism engulfing _______.

heterotrophic, eukaryote, a red or green algae

Many of the members of the Chromalveolates have

plastids originating from a red alga