Prototypes and Drug classes
What is the prototype for NSAIDs?
Ibuprofen
Immune Sera Prototype
Immune globulin intramuscular
Related agent: NSAID
acetaminophen
Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
act at various levels of the CNS, generate their effects by inhibiting upper motor neuron activity, causing CNS depressant effects, or altering simple spinal reflexes
Aldesleukin
activates human cellular immunity and inhibits tumor growth through increases in lymphocytes, platelets and cytokines
What is the antiarthritis prototype?
Auranofin
What is a prototype?
Drug that represents a drug class -most important and typically first developed drugs within the class -used as a reference to which all the other drugs are compared
DMARDS prototype
Entanercept
Direct Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
Enter the muscle to prevent muscle contraction
Dantrolene
-Mechanism: prevents release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle. -Use: malignant hyperthermia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (a toxicity of antipsychotic drugs).
Immune Stimulants - Interleukins prototype
Aldesleukin
monoclonal antibodies prototype?
Bevacizumab
T and B Cell Suppressors prototype?
Cyclosporine
Benzodiazepines: prototype
Diazepam
Entancercept
Genetically engineered TNF receptors react with the deactivated TNF released by leukocytes, keeping the inflammatory response in check
immune stimulant interferons prototype
Interferon Alfa-2b
Viral vaccines prototype
Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine
Bevacizumab
Monoclonal antibody that binds to and inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor leading to decreased angiogenesis and cell proliferation.
Antiarthritis Agents
Prevent and suppress arthritis in selected patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Immune Stimulants - Interferons
Prevent viruses from replicating Inhibit tumor growth
Diazapam: route, onset, peak, duration, and half life
Route: oral onset: 30-60 min peak: 1-2h duration: 3h route: rectal onset: rapid peak: 1.5h duration: 3h T1/2 20 to 80 hours
Diazapam
Sedative, It can treat anxiety, muscle spasms, and seizures.
Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine route, onset, peak and 1/2 life
Route: IM Onset: Rapid Peak: 3-12 hr T1/2: unknown
Immune globulin intramuscular: route, onset, peak, 1/2 life
Route: IM Onset: Slow Peak: 2-5 d T1/2: unknown
interferon alfa-2b: route, onset, peak and half life
Route: IM, SubQ Onset: rapid Peak: 3-12 h Route: IV Onset: rapid Peak: end of infusion T1/2: 2 to 3 hours
Aldesleukin: route, onset, peak, duration and half life
Route: IV Onset: 5 min Peak: 13 min Duration: 3-4h T1/2: 85 min
Filgrastim: route, peak, duration and half life
Route: IV peak: 2 h duration: 4 days Route: SubQ Peak: 2h Duration: 4 days T1/2 210-231 min
Ibuprofen: route, onset, peak, duration and half life
Route: Oral Onset 30 min peak: 1-2 hour duration: 4-6 hour Route: IV onset: start of infusion peak: minutes duration: 4-6 hours T1/2: 1.8 to 2.5 hours
Apirin: route, onset, peak and duration and half life
Route: Oral Onset 5-30 min peak: 0.25-2 hour duration: 3-6 min Route: rectal onset: 1-2 hours peak: 4-5 hours duration: 6-8 hours T1/2: 15min to 12 hours
Acetaminophen: route, onset, peak, duration, and half life
Route: Oral Onset: varies peak: 0.5-2 hour duration: 4-6 hours Route: IV onset: start of infusion peak: end of infusion duration: 4-6 hours T1/2: 1 to 3 hours
Cyclosporine: Route, onset, peak and half life
Route: PO Onset: varies Peak: 3-5 hours Route: IV Onset: rapid Peak: 1-2 h T1/2: 8-19 hours
Baclofen: route, onset, peak, duration and half life
Route: oral Onset: 1h Peak: 2h Duration: 4-8h Route: intrathecal onset: 30-60 min peak: 4h duration: 4-8h T1/2: 3 to 4 hours
disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
Slow/stop rheumatic disease progression. Modify and inhibit pathological effects and immune responses of rheumatic disease. Used mostly in early stages of disease. High incidence of drug toxicity.
Immune Sera
antibodies found in immune globulin from animals or humans who have had a specific disease and have developed antibodies
monoclonal antibodies
antibodies that attach to specific receptoy sites to respond to very specific situations
What is the prototype of salicylates?
aspirin
Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants prototype
baclofen
Direct Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants prototype
dantrolene
Benzodiazepines
drugs that lower anxiety and reduce stress
colony stimulation factor prototype
filgrastim
What is a drug class?
group of medications having similar chemical structures, mechanisms of action and mode of action
Filgrastim
increases production of neutrophils in the bone marrow
Immune Stimulants - Interleukins
inhibit tumor growth
interferon alfa-2b
inhibits growth of tumor cells and enhances immune response
Auranofin
inhibits macrophages and decreases damage associated with inflammation
NSAIDs
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Immune globulin intramuscular
provides performed antibodies to hep A, measles, caricella, rubella and other antigens
Salicylates
relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation -antipyretic (fever-blocking) and analgesic (pain-blocking)
Cyclosporine
reversibly inhibits immunocompetent lymphocytes; inhibits T helper and suppressor cells
Bevacizumab: route, onset, peak, duration and half life
route: IV Onset: minutes Peak: 2-7 days duration: 7-10 days T1/2: 20 days
Auranofin: route, onset, peak and half life
route: oral onset: slow Peak: 4-6 hours T1/2: 3-7 days in urine and feces
Dantrolene route, onset, peak, duration and half life
route: oral onset: slow peak: 4-6h duration: 8-10h route: IV onset: rapid peak: 5h duration: 6-8h T1/2: 9h (oral) 4-8hours (IV)
Entancercept: route, onset, peak and half life
route: subcutaneous onset: slow peak: 72h T1/2: 115 hours
colony stimulating factors
stimulate growth and differentiation of immature leukocytes in bone marrow
T and B Cell Suppressors
used to block the normal effects of the immune system in cases of organ transplantation and in autoimmune disorders in some cancers
Immune Stimulants
used to stimulate the bone marrow to produce more white blood cells in situations where the levels of these cells are very low and the patient is at serious risk for infection
