Prototypes and Drug classes

What is the prototype for NSAIDs?

Ibuprofen

Immune Sera Prototype

Immune globulin intramuscular

Related agent: NSAID

acetaminophen

Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

act at various levels of the CNS, generate their effects by inhibiting upper motor neuron activity, causing CNS depressant effects, or altering simple spinal reflexes

Aldesleukin

activates human cellular immunity and inhibits tumor growth through increases in lymphocytes, platelets and cytokines

What is the antiarthritis prototype?

Auranofin

What is a prototype?

Drug that represents a drug class -most important and typically first developed drugs within the class -used as a reference to which all the other drugs are compared

DMARDS prototype

Entanercept

Direct Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Enter the muscle to prevent muscle contraction

Dantrolene

-Mechanism: prevents release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle. -Use: malignant hyperthermia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (a toxicity of antipsychotic drugs).

Immune Stimulants - Interleukins prototype

Aldesleukin

monoclonal antibodies prototype?

Bevacizumab

T and B Cell Suppressors prototype?

Cyclosporine

Benzodiazepines: prototype

Diazepam

Entancercept

Genetically engineered TNF receptors react with the deactivated TNF released by leukocytes, keeping the inflammatory response in check

immune stimulant interferons prototype

Interferon Alfa-2b

Viral vaccines prototype

Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine

Bevacizumab

Monoclonal antibody that binds to and inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor leading to decreased angiogenesis and cell proliferation.

Antiarthritis Agents

Prevent and suppress arthritis in selected patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Immune Stimulants - Interferons

Prevent viruses from replicating Inhibit tumor growth

Diazapam: route, onset, peak, duration, and half life

Route: oral onset: 30-60 min peak: 1-2h duration: 3h route: rectal onset: rapid peak: 1.5h duration: 3h T1/2 20 to 80 hours

Diazapam

Sedative, It can treat anxiety, muscle spasms, and seizures.

Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine route, onset, peak and 1/2 life

Route: IM Onset: Rapid Peak: 3-12 hr T1/2: unknown

Immune globulin intramuscular: route, onset, peak, 1/2 life

Route: IM Onset: Slow Peak: 2-5 d T1/2: unknown

interferon alfa-2b: route, onset, peak and half life

Route: IM, SubQ Onset: rapid Peak: 3-12 h Route: IV Onset: rapid Peak: end of infusion T1/2: 2 to 3 hours

Aldesleukin: route, onset, peak, duration and half life

Route: IV Onset: 5 min Peak: 13 min Duration: 3-4h T1/2: 85 min

Filgrastim: route, peak, duration and half life

Route: IV peak: 2 h duration: 4 days Route: SubQ Peak: 2h Duration: 4 days T1/2 210-231 min

Ibuprofen: route, onset, peak, duration and half life

Route: Oral Onset 30 min peak: 1-2 hour duration: 4-6 hour Route: IV onset: start of infusion peak: minutes duration: 4-6 hours T1/2: 1.8 to 2.5 hours

Apirin: route, onset, peak and duration and half life

Route: Oral Onset 5-30 min peak: 0.25-2 hour duration: 3-6 min Route: rectal onset: 1-2 hours peak: 4-5 hours duration: 6-8 hours T1/2: 15min to 12 hours

Acetaminophen: route, onset, peak, duration, and half life

Route: Oral Onset: varies peak: 0.5-2 hour duration: 4-6 hours Route: IV onset: start of infusion peak: end of infusion duration: 4-6 hours T1/2: 1 to 3 hours

Cyclosporine: Route, onset, peak and half life

Route: PO Onset: varies Peak: 3-5 hours Route: IV Onset: rapid Peak: 1-2 h T1/2: 8-19 hours

Baclofen: route, onset, peak, duration and half life

Route: oral Onset: 1h Peak: 2h Duration: 4-8h Route: intrathecal onset: 30-60 min peak: 4h duration: 4-8h T1/2: 3 to 4 hours

disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)

Slow/stop rheumatic disease progression. Modify and inhibit pathological effects and immune responses of rheumatic disease. Used mostly in early stages of disease. High incidence of drug toxicity.

Immune Sera

antibodies found in immune globulin from animals or humans who have had a specific disease and have developed antibodies

monoclonal antibodies

antibodies that attach to specific receptoy sites to respond to very specific situations

What is the prototype of salicylates?

aspirin

Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants prototype

baclofen

Direct Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants prototype

dantrolene

Benzodiazepines

drugs that lower anxiety and reduce stress

colony stimulation factor prototype

filgrastim

What is a drug class?

group of medications having similar chemical structures, mechanisms of action and mode of action

Filgrastim

increases production of neutrophils in the bone marrow

Immune Stimulants - Interleukins

inhibit tumor growth

interferon alfa-2b

inhibits growth of tumor cells and enhances immune response

Auranofin

inhibits macrophages and decreases damage associated with inflammation

NSAIDs

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Immune globulin intramuscular

provides performed antibodies to hep A, measles, caricella, rubella and other antigens

Salicylates

relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation -antipyretic (fever-blocking) and analgesic (pain-blocking)

Cyclosporine

reversibly inhibits immunocompetent lymphocytes; inhibits T helper and suppressor cells

Bevacizumab: route, onset, peak, duration and half life

route: IV Onset: minutes Peak: 2-7 days duration: 7-10 days T1/2: 20 days

Auranofin: route, onset, peak and half life

route: oral onset: slow Peak: 4-6 hours T1/2: 3-7 days in urine and feces

Dantrolene route, onset, peak, duration and half life

route: oral onset: slow peak: 4-6h duration: 8-10h route: IV onset: rapid peak: 5h duration: 6-8h T1/2: 9h (oral) 4-8hours (IV)

Entancercept: route, onset, peak and half life

route: subcutaneous onset: slow peak: 72h T1/2: 115 hours

colony stimulating factors

stimulate growth and differentiation of immature leukocytes in bone marrow

T and B Cell Suppressors

used to block the normal effects of the immune system in cases of organ transplantation and in autoimmune disorders in some cancers

Immune Stimulants

used to stimulate the bone marrow to produce more white blood cells in situations where the levels of these cells are very low and the patient is at serious risk for infection