PS275 - Study Guide Mid-term
Which of the following statements is NOT correct according to Carlstedt's findings? a. About 50% of the clients did not return after the first session. b. 50% finished after four sessions. c. 25% completed their work in 5 to 10 sessions. d. Most clients completed therapy by the 35th session.
a. About 50% of the clients did not return after the first session.
Which of the following statements is NOT accurate? a. Attending behavior is primarily concerned with noting body language. b. The multicultural background of each client may modify his or her communicating style. c. Good observers encourage clients to talk more. d. The counselor may need to adapt his or her style to meet the needs of the client.
a. Attending behavior is primarily concerned with noting body language.
As the interviewer, when you don't know what to do next, which of the following should you do? a. Continue attending to the client. b. Ask the client to start over. c. Consult your notes regarding the client's issues. d. End the session.
a. Continue attending to the client.
Mark Pope, Cherokee Nation and Past-President of the American Counseling Association, noted all EXCEPT which of the following? a. Counselors are now being trained fully to meet multicultural competencies. b. We are all committed to the dignity and value of each individual. c. Each of us is a multicultural being. d. We need to address our own issues of prejudice.
a. Counselors are now being trained fully to meet multicultural competencies.
________ can generate alternatives in a given situation and approach a problem from different perspectives, using a variety of skills and personal qualities and adapting to suit different clients' needs. a. Culturally intentional individuals b. Cultural individuals c. Individual psychotherapists d. Every interviewer
a. Culturally intentional individuals
Which of the following is FALSE about teaching the microskills to challenging clients in different settings? a. Depressed hospitalized patients do not respond well to social skills treatment. b. Teaching troubled clients the attending skills is usually effective. c. Attending skills improve the preparation of high school peer mediators. d. Communication with troubled children can be regained by using the attending skills.
a. Depressed hospitalized patients do not respond well to social skills treatment.
Which of the following may be observed when an interview issue is of interest to a middle-class client? a. Direct eye contact, forward trunk lean, pupil dilation b. Direct eye contact, forward trunk lean, pupil contraction c. Partial eye contact, forward trunk lean, pupil dilation d. Partial eye contact, trunk lean away, pupil contraction
a. Direct eye contact, forward trunk lean, pupil dilation
16. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the power relationship between client and counselor? a. Human services professionals are aware that in their relationship with clients, power and status are equal. b. Power aspects of dual or multiple relationships may impair professional judgment. c. The very act of helping has power implications. d. Awareness of and openness to talking about power issues is an appropriate way to improve client relations.
a. Human services professionals are aware that in their relationship with clients, power and status are equal.
2. Which of the following focuses on gathering client data, suggesting ways to solve problems,or providing information? a. Interviewing b. Psychology c. Counseling d. Psychotherapy
a. Interviewing
____ is useful for obtaining information about a client. a. Interviewing b. Counseling c. Psychotherapy d. Psychiatry
a. Interviewing
. The authors argue that natural style is a basic building block of intentional counseling.Which of the following is NOT part of their view of natural style? a. It is best to identify one's natural style and then always hold to it. b. We all have natural strengths in communication. c. In interviewing training, too many people may forget the many strengths they bring to the course even before instruction begins. d. Instruction, practice, and learning new skills and strategies can enhance natural style
a. It is best to identify one's natural style and then always hold to it.
Which of the following statements best describes the application of therapeutic lifestyle changes? a. It is important to focus on and resolve client problems, issues and concerns it is the reason they choose counseling. b. Counseling, human services, psychology, and social work have a long tradition of helping clients solve problems. c. Locate the ways clients cope with anxiety and stress, already existing resources that may be enlarged once their existence is recognized. d. The field of psychology emphasizes the disease model and focuses on damage repair.
a. It is important to focus on and resolve client problems, issues and concerns; it is the reason they choose counseling.
Who introduced the attending behavior concepts to the helping field? a. Ivey et al. b. Freud et al. c. Skinner et al. d. Rogers et al.
a. Ivey et al.
The counselor responds to Dominic with, "I heard you saying that things are great, but how do you really feel about doing 'women's work'?" How would you rate this confrontation on empathy? a. Level 1, subtractive b. Level 2, somewhat subtractive c. Level 3, interchangeable d. Level 4, somewhat additive
a. Level 1, subtractive
Which of the following is TRUE? a. Many beginning counselors to try to solve clients' difficulties too soon. b. Most clients develop their concerns over a brief period of time. c. It is critical for counselors to speed up in focusing on clients' problems and solutions. d. Using the three Vs and one B is a waste of time during an intake session.
a. Many beginning counselors to try to solve clients' difficulties too soon.
Which of the following is TRUE? a. Resilience is the actual ability to bounce back from difficulty. b. Optimism is the actual ability to bounce back from difficulty. c. Resilience is the imagined ability to bounce back from difficulty. d. Optimism is not related to resilience.
a. Resilience is the actual ability to bounce back from difficulty.
Which of the following is NOT true of selective attention? a. Selective attention is simply interviewers noting the topics to which clients attend. b. Clients tend to talk about what interviewers are willing to hear. c. It is just as important for interviewers to observe how they selectively attend to specific topics. d. Interviewers may have a limited list of topics that interest them.
a. Selective attention is simply interviewers noting the topics to which clients attend.
33. Which of the following is FALSE concerning verbals? a. Selective attention occurs when we listen only to one person at a time. b. Most of us have certain topics that we are more interested in than others. c. It is important to stay with the topic introduced by the client. d. It can be helpful if we learn our own patterns of selective attention.
a. Selective attention occurs when we listen only to one person at a time.
What would you expect from a person at a basic level of competence? a. To be able to perform the skills in an interview b. To be able to use a skill with predictable results c. To be able to teach the skill to someone else d. None of these
a. To be able to perform the skills in an interview
"Do no harm to your clients treat them responsibly with full awareness of the social context of helping" summarizes the essence of ethical codes. a. True b. False
a. True
. The word disorder places the problem in the client and, as a result, external causes tend to be ignored in treatment. a. True b. False
a. True
A longer-term goal of effective counseling and therapy is the development of client resilience. a. True b. False
a. True
According to the authors, attending behavior and listening are essential for human communication but need to be tailored according to individual and multicultural differences. a. True b. False
a. True
According to the authors, effective interviewers gradually develop a blend of natural style and learned competencies. a. True b. False
a. True
According to this book, awareness of yourself as a person of capability is the foundation for growth. a. True b. False
a. True
Awareness, knowledge, and skills are meaningless unless you act. a. True b. False
a. True
Empathy is identifiable by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). a. True b. False
a. True
Neuroscience research strongly supports a wellness and positive approach to counseling. a. True b. False
a. True
Political correctness is a way to describe something with minimal offense. a. True b. False
a. True
Positive thoughts, used effectively in counseling, can override negative feelings. a. True b. False
a. True
Research has shown that the human brain develops new neural connections throughout the lifespan and changes in response to new situations or experiences in the environment—a brain can rewire itself. a. True b. False
a. True
Smiling, listening, and a respectful and understanding vocal tone are behaviors that "fit" virtually all cultures and individuals. a. True b. False
a. True
We can't separate the body from the mind or the individual from his or her environment and culture. a. True b. False
a. True
We really don't know something until we practice and use it, and receive feedback. a. True b. False
a. True
Without attention, nothing will happen. a. True b. False
a. True
Worldview is formally defined as the way you and your client interpret humanity and the world. a. True b. False
a. True
"If I were to move, I can be pretty sure that I can rent or purchase housing in an area that I can afford and in which I want to live." This is an example of: a. White privilege. b. heterosexual privilege. c. male privilege. d. religious privilege
a. White privilege.
Multicultural competence focuses on: a. awareness, knowledge, skills, and actions required for all practice, research, and training. b. ethical statements for effective multicultural work. c. an adopted set of absolute rules for counselors and psychologists. d. culturally specific treatment methods.
a. awareness, knowledge, skills, and actions required for all practice, research, and training.
The interviewer is demonstrating _______________________ when he/she is able to say back accurately what the client has said. a. basic empathy b. additive empathy c. subtractive empathy d. none of the above
a. basic empathy
fMRI is a __________________. a. brain imaging technique b. technique to reduce brain tumors c. telesensor used to count brain cells d. functional stereotaxic apparatus
a. brain imaging technique
Intentionality is: a. choosing from a range of alternative actions to help different clients. b. having a preferred action or thought to offer to all clients. c. using a preselected point of view to understand clients' problems. d. applying similar skills to help clients from different ethnic groups or cultures.
a. choosing from a range of alternative actions to help different clients.
9. The need for appropriate supervision most pertains to which ethical area? a. competence b. Informed consent c. Confidentiality d. Power
a. competence
Interviewers need to have "education and training, supervised experience, state and national professional credentials, and appropriate professional experience." This ethical standard relates primarily to: a. competence. b. informed consent. c. confidentiality. d. diversity. .
a. competence.
In a session, the microskills may have: a. different effects on people from varying cultural backgrounds. b. consistent and predictable effects on people from varying cultural backgrounds. c. limitations due to lack of emphasis on multicultural issues. d. a predictable impact on white clients, but not on people of color.
a. different effects on people from varying cultural backgrounds.
53. When the interviewer paraphrases and reflects feeling to communicate that he or she understands the client, this is: a. empathy. b. subtractive empathy. c. basic empathy. d. additive empathy.
a. empathy.
Attending skills: a. exist in all cultures but may be expressed differently. b. remain the same from culture to culture. c. are very similar, but differ occasionally in cultures. d. enable an interviewer to communicate with people of other cultures at a very rapid rate.
a. exist in all cultures but may be expressed differently.
Attention is not just a psychological concept. It also: a. is measurable through brain imaging. b. is measurable through careful observation of clients. c. is justified by the extensive research on microskills. d. has become a foundation for person-centered counseling.
a. is measurable through brain imaging.
Empathy is not just a psychological concept. It also: a. is measurable through brain imaging. b. is measurable through careful observation of your actions. c. is assessed by the extensive research on microskills. d. has become a foundation for person-centered counseling.
a. is measurable through brain imaging.
The microskills can best be taught to: a. many client and volunteer populations. b. hospitalized inpatients during the early stages of treatment. c. high school peer counselors. d. volunteers in the community.
a. many client and volunteer populations.
Informed consent refers to: a. providing clients with clear and adequate information about what is happening in the interview and informing them about your own competence. b. telling the client halfway through the interview about their rights. c. too many people avoiding this critical issue. d. honestly discussing multicultural differences between the counselor and client.
a. providing clients with clear and adequate information about what is happening in the interview and informing them about your own competence.
We tend to listen to some topics more than others by verbal tracking. We hear some topics better than others. It is important that the interviewer be aware of unconscious patterns of: a. selective attention. b. pupil dilation. c. verbal underlining. d. client topic jumps.
a. selective attention.
Basic empathy is best defined as: a. the interviewer interchanges responses with the client. b. the interviewer changes roles with the client. c. the relationship is one of equity and understanding. d. the interviewer accurately says back to the client what has been said.
a. the interviewer interchanges responses with the client.
Approximately what percentage of medical issues involve the brain and stress? a. 90% b. 80% c. 70% d. 60%
b. 80%
34. Which of the following is NOT part of optimism? a. A trust that things will work out b. A sense of personal weakness c. A belief that you will learn from difficulties d. A belief in the future
b. A sense of personal weakness
Which of the following is the first step in the development of an intentional wellness plan? a. Summarizing wellness strengths b. Appraising areas for improvement c. Establishing one or two goals d. Contracting for action
b. Appraising areas for improvement
Which of the following is FALSE? a. Attending behavior is essential to an empathic relationship. b. Attending behavior is the central skill of listening. c. Listening is more than just hearing or seeing. d. Listening is key to making real contact with clients.
b. Attending behavior is the central skill of listening.
Emphasis on positives within counseling, human services, psychology, and social work may be known by all EXCEPT which of the following terms? a. Positive psychology b. Concrete theoretical approach c. Wellness approach d. Positive asset search
b. Concrete theoretical approach
"Multicultural Guidelines and Competencies, Dimension 1: Be aware of your own assumptions, values, and biases." Based on this, which of the following contributes to your ability to become more self-aware? a. Develop a specialty practice by immersing yourself in every detail of daily life of one or two cultural groups at a time. b. Consider yourself as a cultural being and recognize your own limitations. c. Rather than consider each client as unique, focus on the common behaviors that the person before you may have in common with the cultural group to which they belong. d. Achieve complete multicultural knowledge through study and experience.
b. Consider yourself as a cultural being and recognize your own limitations.
____ is primarily focused on normal, developmental issues and concerns. a. Interviewing b. Counseling c. Psychotherapy d. Psychiatry
b. Counseling
The third multicultural guideline and competency is to develop skills and action to cope with the results of discrimination and build cultural health. Which one of the following contributes to your ability to develop appropriate intervention strategies and techniques? a. Create respect and trust by remaining politically correct at all times. b. Expand your knowledge with traditional strategies and newer, diversity sensitive methods. c. Use traditional counseling strategies proven appropriate over time. d. Just sitting with the client.
b. Expand your knowledge with traditional strategies and newer, diversity sensitive methods.
Developing awareness, knowledge, and skills is all you need to be an effective counselor. a. True b. False
b. False
Intentional interviewing is more concerned with finding the right answer for the client than with howdifferent potential responses may be helpful. a. True b. False
b. False
Which of the following is NOT one of the suggested guidelines for effective feedback? a. Feedback is most helpful when it includes strengths. b. Feedback is most helpful when it is comprehensive and generalized. c. Feedback is most helpful when it is relatively nonjudgmental d. Feedback is most helpful when it is lean and concrete.
b. Feedback is most helpful when it is comprehensive and generalized.
10. HIPAA is the acronym for: a. Health Incorporated for Patients Assistance for Allstate. b. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. c. Health Insurance for Patients from All Alliances. d. Health Insurance Provided by Allstate to All.
b. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act.
________ is/are a particularly good example of how different people react differently to the same voice. a. Clients changing the topic b. Interviewer's national or regional accent c. Client vocal tones d. Interviewer's skillful attending skills
b. Interviewer's national or regional accent
Which of the following is TRUE about silence? a. It can cause client discomfort and must be used sparingly. b. It can be useful in a session when clients need to think through their responses. c. It is not a useful tool for the helping professional. d. It is useful when followed by detailed analysis of the client's issue(s).
b. It can be useful in a session when clients need to think through their responses
36. Which of the following is TRUE about redirecting attention? a. It is always inappropriate. b. It can help a client stop repeating a story over and over. c. It facilitates clients talking even more about their issues. d. It encourages clients to talk about positive things.
b. It can help a client stop repeating a story over and over.
Which of the following is TRUE about attention? a. It is only of a psychological nature. b. It is measurable through brain imaging techniques. c. It does not involve brain activity. d. None of the above
b. It is measurable through brain imaging techniques.
You can observe interview sessions and rate the use of interviewer empathy using which of the following scales? a. Level 1: Additive empathy Level 2: Basic empathy Level 3: Subtractive empathy b. Level 1: Subtractive empathy Level 2: Basic empathy Level 3: Additive empathy c. Level 1: Basic empathy Level 2: Additive empathy Level 3: Subtractive empathy d. Level 1: Additive empathy Level 2: Subtractive empathy Level 3: Basic empathy
b. Level 1: Subtractive empathy Level 2: Basic empathy Level 3: Additive empathy
Members of which cultural groups are most likely to reject direct eye contact, particularly if they are coming from a traditional background? a. White middle-class and Latina/Latino clients b. Native American and Latina/Latino clients c. African American women and White children d. None of the above
b. Native American and Latina/Latino clients
Which of the following is the definition of natural style used in this book? a. Natural style is what you develop after completing the chapters included in this book. b. Natural style is your rational way of working with others to help them achieve their goals and aspirations. c. Natural style is doing what you like with the hopes of helping others achieve what you believe is best for them. d. Natural style is your flexible way of working with others to help them achieve their goals.
b. Natural style is your rational way of working with others to help them achieve their goals and aspirations.
23. Who among the following have immense faith in the ability of humans to overcome challenges and take charge of their lives? a. Freud and Titchener b. Rogers and Maslow c. Skinner and Amsel d. All of these
b. Rogers and Maslow
Which of the following affirmations is TRUE? a. The terms interviewing, counseling, and psychotherapy are not interchangeable. b. Solid interviewing skills are essential to become a successful counselor or therapist. c. The overlap among interviewing, counseling, and psychotherapy is minimal. d. All of these
b. Solid interviewing skills are essential to become a successful counselor or therapist.
Which of the following is NOT true regarding a strength-based wellness model? a. The model builds on the client's strengths and assets. b. The model emphasizes the individual origin of symptoms. c. The model leads to a more egalitarian and empathic relationship in the counseling. d. The model places the client in the role of an active and engaged agent.
b. The model emphasizes the individual origin of symptoms.
Who was the first person to measure levels of empathic understanding? a. Rogers b. Truax c. Maslow d. Ivey
b. Truax
Which of the following is NOT a vocal qualities behavior? a. Speech hesitations b. Verbal changes of topic c. Throat clearing d. Screaming and whispering
b. Verbal changes of topic
Which of the following is NOT a component of attending behavior? a. Attentive and authentic body language b. Verbal mirroring technique c. Visual/eye contact d. Verbal tracking
b. Verbal mirroring technique
When demonstrating ____________________ the interviewer is able to offer a congruent idea or frame of reference that helps the client see a new perspective. a. basic empathy b. additive empathy c. subtractive empathy d. none of the above
b. additive empathy
Interviewers can predict that both they and their clients will appreciate, gain respect, and learn from increasing knowledge in intersecting identities, the nature of privilege, and multicultural competence when the interviewer ________. a. is an educated, qualified, and experienced professional b. bases her behavior on an ethical approach with an awareness of diversity c. is competent to address any and all multicultural issues d. stays within the boundaries of multicultural guidelines and practice competencies
b. bases her behavior on an ethical approach with an awareness of diversity
70. Practice in meditation: a. has recently become important in person-centered counseling as a key strategy. b. can help samurai forget the individual skills in order to master them. c. facilitates emotional growth through taming the amygdala. d. is a strategy that should only be used with a very few clients.
b. can help samurai forget the individual skills in order to master them.
19. If your first effort is not successful, ________. a. ask the client if he or she heard your statement b. change your approach to the client on the spot c. repeat your last statement d. All of these
b. change your approach to the client on the spot
Microskills are: a. comprehensive intervention skills. b. communication skills units. c. persuasive communication strategies. d. hidden codes of communication
b. communication skills units
In every interview the quality of attending and nonattending responses ____. a. is always the same b. depends on how actively you demonstrate attending c. depends on the situation d. depends on how well versed you are in expressing nonattention
b. depends on how actively you demonstrate attending
Empathy is often defined as: a. comforting the client through difficult emotions. b. experiencing the world as if you were the client. c. the same as sympathy. d. being kind to the client when he or she is troubled.
b. experiencing the world as if you were the client.
Selective attention, a key concept introduced in the microskills framework,: a. is less important in key theories of helping such as person-centered and brief counseling. b. is based on the brain being wired to attend stimuli to cope with the environment. c. is brought about by the hippocampus and the energizing amygdala through selective memory. d. has become the central concept of person-centered and brief counseling.
b. is based on the brain being wired to attend stimuli to cope with the environment.
Gender, sexual orientation, age, geographic location, physical ability, religion/spirituality, and socioeconomic status: a. are diversification factors only. b. must be included with race and ethnicity as multicultural factors. c. are never included in multicultural factors. d. may or may not be included depending on the counselor's personal preference.
b. must be included with race and ethnicity as multicultural factors.
If anything, informed consent when working with children is ___________________. a. not an issue when you work in a well-organized school system b. perhaps even more important than with adults c. a concern to parents d. all of these
b. perhaps even more important than with adults
Empathy: a. requires the interviewer to respond immediately to each expression of emotion from the client. b. requires the interviewer to accurately say key issues back to client without adding his or her own thoughts. c. requires the interviewer to mirror each emotion the client expresses. d. is failure of the client to express emotion during the session.
b. requires the interviewer to accurately say key issues back to client without adding his or her own thoughts.
According to Schwartz and Begley (2003), the brain's neuroplasticity allows it to: a. develop autoimmune reactions. b. rewire itself. c. replace decaying gray matter with glial cells. d. age gracefully.
b. rewire itself.
It is important for the counselor to be aware of his/her own patterns of: a. verbal underlining. b. selective attention. c. pupil dilation. d. client topic jumps.
b. selective attention.
50. When the interviewer focuses on the negative or distorts the client's conversation, this is: a. empathy. b. subtractive empathy. c. basic empathy. d. additive empathy.
b. subtractive empathy.
Being aware of what one is doing can interfere with coordination and smoothness. This is known in microskills training as ____. a. the difficulty of practice b. the Samurai Effect c. the need for fewer skills and a simplified model of training for some beginners d. the nonverbal effect
b. the Samurai Effect
Empathy is best assessed by: a. your level of identification with your client. b. the client's reaction to your statement. c. the grammatical quality of your statement. d. the accuracy of your interpretation.
b. the client's reaction to your statement.
Staying with the topic is important in: a. verbal underlining. b. verbal tracking. c. most non-attending responses. d. effective vocal qualities.
b. verbal tracking.
According to Sue and Sue (2013), about ____ of clients drop out after the first session. a. 5% b. 25% c. 50% d. 75%
c. 50%
21. Male Client (talking about a job conflict): I just don't know what to do about my new boss. He is always blaming me even when I do a good job. He's new on the job; maybe he doesn't have much experience as a supervisor. But he's got me so jumpy and nervous I can't sleep at night. My family isn't doing well, and I've been arguing with my wife. She doesn't understand what's going on. And the kids aren't doing well in school. Which of the following actions is NOT useful or appropriate when beginning to counsel this client? a. Reflect feelings. b. Ask an open question. c. Attempt to use a perfect empathic response. d. Summarize the client statement and ask where the client would like to start.
c. Attempt to use a perfect empathic response.
As it relates to client rights and informed consent, which one of the following statements is FALSE? a. Throughout the counseling process, as appropriate, counselors must inform clients of goals, techniques, limitations, risks, and benefits. b. Clients have the right to participate in counseling planning and the right to refuse services. c. Clients are informed of the therapy plan outlined by an experienced therapist and follow it with little deviation. d. Counselors must make sure clients understand the limits of confidentiality.
c. Clients are informed of the therapy plan outlined by an experienced therapist and follow it with little deviation.
When working with a client, which of the following is a more personal process that emphasizes listening, understanding the client's life challenges, and developing strategies for change? a. Interviewing b. Psychology c. Counseling d. Psychotherapy
c. Counseling
32. Which of the following is TRUE about multiculturalism? a. Multiculturalism is different from diversity or cross-culturalism. b. Multiculturalism refers only to the major racial groups. c. Everybody is a multicultural being. d. All of these
c. Everybody is a multicultural being.
"Multicultural Guidelines and Competencies: Dimension 2: Understand the worldview of the culturally different client." According to this, which of the following contributes to your ability to comprehend the worldview of diverse clients? a. By applying traditional approaches to counseling theory and skills, you will achieve similar results to all cultural groups. b. Your study and experiences will enhance your confidence in cross-cultural counseling. c. If you hold inaccurate stereotypes, you must listen and learn respect for how your client interprets humanity and the world. d. The impact of socioeconomic factors and other oppressive forces may vary some among cultural groups, but overall the impact is similar.
c. If you hold inaccurate stereotypes, you must listen and learn respect for how your client interprets humanity and the world.
15. Which of the following is an ethical imperative when you are a trainee meeting with a new client for the first time? a. Prepare for the session carefully, and go over your plan with the supervisor. b. Review ethical standards and agency policy. c. Inform your client that you are in training, and give the client the supervisor's name. d. Work with the policy of your agency on this issue, and only inform the client if that is their policy.
c. Inform your client that you are in training, and give the client the supervisor's name.
Which of these is NOT true of effective attending behavior? a. Primarily involves eye contact, body posture, and following the client verbally b. Requires both verbal and nonverbal sensitivity c. Is illustrated by frequent use of the self focus d. Is useful in rapport building
c. Is illustrated by frequent use of the self focus
Ivey, Ivey, and Zalaquett describe four levels of competence for interviewers andcounselors. They are: a. Level 1: Basic competence; Level 2: Documentation competence; Level 3: Skill competence; and Level 4: Instructional competence. b. Level 1: Introductory competence; Level 2: Classification competence; Level 3: Active competence; and Level 4: Instructive competence. c. Level 1: Awareness and knowledge; Level 2: Basic competence; Level 3: Intentional competence; and Level 4: Psychoeducational teaching competence. d. Level 1: Classification; Level 2: Participation; Level 3: Assessment; and Level 4: Instruction.
c. Level 1: Awareness and knowledge; Level 2: Basic competence; Level 3: Intentional competence; and Level 4: Psychoeducational teaching competence.
49. Which of the following lists, in the correct order, the three anchor points used to classify and rate the quality of empathy shown in an interview? a. Level 1: Additive empathy Level 2: Basic empathy Level 3: Subtractive empathy b. Level 1: Basic empathy Level 2: Additive empathy Level 3: Subtractive empathy c. Level 1: Subtractive empathy Level 2: Basic empathy Level 3: Additive empathy d. Level 1: Additive empathy Level 2: Subtractive empathy Level 3: Basic empathy
c. Level 1: Subtractive empathy Level 2: Basic empathy Level 3: Additive empathy
Which of the following is NOT one of the four levels of competence identified in this chapter? a. Level 1: Awareness and knowledge b. Level 2: Basic competence c. Level 3: Learning competence d. Level 4: Psychoeducational teaching competence
c. Level 3: Learning competence
Which of the following statements is NOT true of multicultural competence? a. Every skill, strategy, and helping theory is examined for its cultural appropriateness. b. Interviewers learn their own limitations in cultural expertise and seek supervision as necessary. c. Multicultural competence helps professionals specialize and become proficient in single culture counseling and therapy. d. Multicultural competence helps professionals make a lifelong commitment to learning the multicultural base of practice.
c. Multicultural competence helps professionals specialize and become proficient in single culture counseling and therapy.
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding interviewing, counseling, and psychotherapy? a. These terms are often used interchangeably in this book. b. There is considerable overlap among these activities. c. Only psychotherapy involves real therapy. d. Interviewing is usually short term
c. Only psychotherapy involves real therapy.
Which of the following statements is NOT true about the brain? a. The brain is capable of change. b. Thoughts, feelings, and actions determine the health of our brain. c. Over time the brain loses the power to change itself on the basis of experience. d. None of these
c. Over time the brain loses the power to change itself on the basis of experience.
Which of the following is NOT a true finding of microskills research? a. The skills have been shown to be teachable and show construct validity. b. Practice with the skills appears to be especially important in developing competence. c. People can learn to use the skills but their impact on clients is minimal. d. Different counseling theories have different patterns of microskill usage.
c. People can learn to use the skills but their impact on clients is minimal.
Which of the following is a more intense process that focuses on deep-seated personality or behavioral difficulties? a. Interviewing b. Counseling c. Psychotherapy d. Coaching
c. Psychotherapy
How can you distinguish psychotherapy from interviewing and counseling? a. Psychotherapy is briefer than interviewing and counseling. b. Psychotherapy works with less complex problems of daily living. c. Psychotherapy is a more intense process dealing with deep-seated personality or behavioral disorders. d. None of these
c. Psychotherapy is a more intense process dealing with deep-seated personality or behavioral disorders.
Which of the following represents one of Shenk's findings regarding excellence? a. Practice changes your mind but not your body. b. Skills are nonspecific. c. The brain drives the brawn. d. All of the above
c. The brain drives the brawn.
Direct but not constant eye contact is typical for: a. African American clients. b. Hispanic clients. c. White middle-class clients. d. all of the above.
c. White middle-class clients.
54. When the interviewer's responses are basically interchangeable with those of the client, this is: a. empathy. b. subtractive empathy. c. basic empathy. d. additive empathy.
c. basic empathy.
41. New neural connections can be developed during interviewing and counseling. The development of these new connections is an interactive process in which: a. counselors impact the client's brain. b. clients impact the counselor's development. c. both counselors and clients change in the interviewing process. d. the hippocampus is influenced by the knowledge of the counselor.
c. both counselors and clients change in the interviewing process.
37. Silence: a. needs to be avoided in some cultural contexts. b. is central when you are working with a client whom you do not really understand as it gives them more time to think and talk. c. can be frightening to the beginning helper. d. is difficult for clients, so the counselor needs to fill in the time.
c. can be frightening to the beginning helper.
The aim of intentional interviewing and counseling is to help you: a. find a single solution to help a client dealing with interpersonal issues. b. choose one theory of therapy to help all clients more effectively. c. develop multiple possibilities to help a client deal with the world. d. None of these
c. develop multiple possibilities to help a client deal with the world.
Mirror neurons: a. fire up when clients look at themselves. b. guide clients' grooming behavior. c. fire up when clients observe actions by others. d. fire up when clients look into a mirror.
c. fire up when clients observe actions by others.
The microskills hierarchy: a. describes interview skills in order of importance. b. demonstrates that alternative settings require different counseling skills. c. forms the foundation of intentional interviewing. d. demonstrates clearly that different clients have different needs.
c. forms the foundation of intentional interviewing.
Intentional interviewing is concerned with: a. finding the single best response for each client statement. b. the counselor knowing one theory exceptionally well. c. having many alternative responses available to any client statement. d. being able to explain why you made that particular choice.
c. having many alternative responses available to any client statement.
When you observe and practice ethically and follow professional standards, you can anticipate: a. more liability in your practice. b. the client will recognize your position of power within the relationship. c. increased client trust and understanding in the interview process. d. negative issues of social justice because justice is blind.
c. increased client trust and understanding in the interview process.
Attending behavior on the part of the helping professional ____. a. is making sure the client is comfortable before the session begins b. is attending to client needs as they arise in the session c. is encouraging client talk and reducing interviewer talk d. is noting accurate details in the report following the session
c. is encouraging client talk and reducing interviewer talk
Stressful events can: a. leave a trail of happy emotions. b. leave a relaxed sensation. c. leave a marked imprint on your brain. d. All of these
c. leave a marked imprint on your brain.
23. "I have enough financial reserves that I can handle a major car problem without a large financial crisis." This is an example of: a. White privilege. b. heterosexual privilege. c. middle-class privilege. d. male privilege.
c. middle-class privilege.
Vocal qualities mean: a. tracking the client's story without interruption. b. noting what clients discuss and what they avoid. c. moderating your tone and speech rate to the client and the situation. d. facing the client when you are speaking with them.
c. moderating your tone and speech rate to the client and the situation.
In all of the examples, we can assume: a. the attending responses were the best. b. the nonattending responses were the best. c. quality would depend on the situation. d. a and c.
c. quality would depend on the situation.
35. Through _________, we can sometimes stop clients from talking about nonproductive topics. a. selective attention b. verbal underlining c. redirecting attention d. threats and criticism
c. redirecting attention
Teaching attending behavior to clients is recommended by the authors because: a. it will make clients into beginning interviewers and counselors. b. it provides something to do when the interview begins to slow down. c. research and counseling practice has revealed that it can be highly beneficial to many clients. d. all of the above
c. research and counseling practice has revealed that it can be highly beneficial to many clients.
When you use skillful attending skills as an interviewer, you can predict the client will ____. a. think more carefully about what they are sharing b. pay more attention to interviewer instructions c. share a more complete story with fewer topic jumps d. express more emotional release
c. share a more complete story with fewer topic jumps
Inappropriate interviewer responses that give back less or distort what the client has said demonstrate ____________. a. basic empathy b. additive empathy c. subtractive empathy d. none of the above
c. subtractive empathy
34. Redirecting attention is: a. avoided by effective interviewers. b. not a valid skill for the interviewer. c. useful in shifting clients away from negative topics. d. rude behavior on the part of the interviewer.
c. useful in shifting clients away from negative topics.
Clients and interviewers may use _________________ to highlight the important issues in their statements. a. verbal underlining, topic jumps, and softer vocal tone b. verbal underlining, keeping to the same topic, and higher pitch c. verbal underlining to key words or phrases d. written instructions
c. verbal underlining to key words or phrases
Both interviewers and clients may find themselves speaking with louder volume and increased vocal emphasis for certain words and short phrases. This is known as: a. verbal tracking. b. vocal tone. c. verbal underlining. d. vocal quality.
c. verbal underlining.
Past research has found that ____________ percent of minority clients do NOT return to counseling after a first session? a. 10% b. 20% c. 35% d. 50%
d. 50%
Which of the following is TRUE about body language? a. A comfortable conversational distance for traditional Arab Americans is more than an arm's length. b. English-speaking people generally prefer a conversation at slightly less than half an arm's length. c. Leaning forward closely toward a Latina/Latino friend will often be received as intrusive. d. A comfortable conversational distance for North Americans is slightly more than arm's length.
d. A comfortable conversational distance for North Americans is slightly more than arm's length.
Which of the following determines comfortable interpersonal distance between people? a. Ethnic or regional heritage b. Age c. Specific topics of conversation d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Which of the following disruptive behaviors can lead to a poor session? a. Visual contact b. Verbal tracking c. Body language d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Which of the following is TRUE? a. Attending and listening activate many areas of the brains of both the counselor and client. b. Attending and listening are the ways in which you communicate empathy. c. Attending and listening are the behavioral roots of the working alliance. d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Which of the following illustrates the importance of neuroscience for counseling and therapy? a. Counseling can change the brain. b. Stress has an impact on the brain. c. Neuroscience support counseling work. d. All of the above.
d. All of the above.
Which one of the following statements may help a new interviewer become aware of their own pattern of selective attention? a. Relax. Build on the client's topic and learn about your client over time. b. You don't want to lose track of key issues, but you can't attack every client issue at once. c. Be alert to your own pattern of selective attention. d. All of the above.
d. All of the above.
1. Which of the following aspects are illustrated by Sienna's case? a. The reality of helping b. That people often face complex issues with no clear resolution c. That a relationship and empathic listening may help develop solutions d. All of these
d. All of these
Multiculturalism refers to more than race and ethnicity. The RESPECTFUL model expands the definition of difference. Which of the following is included in the 10 dimensions of difference defined by the RESPECTFUL model? a. Sexual identity b. Trauma c. Location of residence d. All of these
d. All of these
The intentional counselor or therapist: a. understands the importance of practice to achieve mastery. b. is responsible for becoming competent in interviewing skills and strategies. c. recognizes the importance of self-understanding in helping others. d. All of these
d. All of these
The microskills framework has been taught to ____. a. AIDS workers in sub-Saharan Africa b. social workers working with the indigenous Australian population c. business managers in Sweden, Japan, and the U.S. d. All of these
d. All of these
Which of the following is FALSE? a. Counselors need to be competent in evidence-based counseling skills. b. Counselors need to know the theoretical systems of counseling. c. Counselors need to use scientific research to precisely determine the most useful way to help each of their clients. d. All of these
d. All of these
Which of the following is TRUE about the microskills? a. They are the foundation of intentional counseling and therapy. b. They are communication skill units of the session interview. c. Effective use of microskills enables you to anticipate how clients will respond to your interventions. d. All of these
d. All of these
Which of the following is TRUE regarding stress? a. We need some stress for learning. b. Stress management is an important part of counseling .c. Therapeutic lifestyle changes can ameliorate stress. d. All of these
d. All of these
Which of the following is TRUE? a. Counseling and psychotherapy have a scientific base, but knowing how to apply that science is an art form. b. Science provides a base, but you are the artist who makes it happen. c. Like an artist, you have a natural talent to share with others. d. All of these
d. All of these
Why is counseling considered to be an art? a. Counselors' experience in the world is key for helping. b. Counselors tailor their knowledge and experience to the uniqueness of each client. c. Counselors constantly draw from their knowledge base for ways to help clients grow. d. All of these
d. All of these
Regarding visual/eye contact, which of the following is NOT true? a. Direct eye contact is considered a sign of interest by European-North American middle classes. b. Direct eye contact is considered a sign of disrespect by Native American and Latin American young people. c. Direct eye contact is generally avoided by Inuit and Aboriginal Australians. d. Direct eye contact differences are easily noted, but cultural differences are so varied that findings are inconclusive and unhelpful.
d. Direct eye contact differences are easily noted, but cultural differences are so varied that findings are inconclusive and unhelpful.
Paying attention to strengths in the client involves all EXCEPT which of the following language systems? a. Positive psychology b. Wellness approach c. Positive asset search d. Drawing out the client's story fully and carefully
d. Drawing out the client's story fully and carefully
When does the counselor inform the client of purposes, goals, techniques, procedures, limitations, potential risks, and benefits of the counseling process? a. At the beginning of the counseling relationship b. After the client agrees to a counseling relationship c. Every other session without fail d. During informed consent and at any time when conditions change or new issues are discovered
d. During informed consent and at any time when conditions change or new issues are discovered
Which of the following focuses is NOT an attending skill? a. Visual/eye contact b. Vocal quality c. Verbal tracking d. Emotional intelligence
d. Emotional intelligence
According to the authors, which of the following is TRUE about empathy? a. Empathy can exist without counseling skills. b. Empathy is a way to introduce caring into the session. c. The use of microskills produces empathy. d. Microskills can be more meaningful if combined with empathic constructs.
d. Microskills can be more meaningful if combined with empathic constructs.
52. When the interviewer links to an earlier client comment, introduces a new frame of reference, or initiates the positive asset search, these are components of: a. empathy. b. subtractive empathy. c. basic empathy. d. additive empathy.
d. additive empathy.
7. Counselors should practice only within the boundaries of: a. competence. b. education, training, and supervision. c. professional credentials and appropriate professional experience. d. all of the above
d. all of the above
71. Learning attending and the other microskills involves breaking each skill to its smallest component and is similar to ____. a. how samurai learn swordplay b. learning to drive a car for the first time c. becoming proficient with demanding activities: sports, dance, music d. all of the above
d. all of the above
8. Counselors practice only within the boundaries of their competence based on: a. education and training. b. supervised and appropriate professional experience. c. state and national professional credentials. d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Ethical codes aid the helping process by: a. teaching and promoting the basics of ethical and appropriate practice. b. serving as a mechanism to improve practice. c. protecting clients by providing accountability. d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Informed consent means: a. informing your clients about your training, background, and possible dual relationships. b. going over the purposes, goals, limitations, and possible benefits of counseling. c. obtaining permission to audiotape an interview. d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Social skills training may refer to ____. a. dating behavior b. drug-refusal skills c. assertiveness training d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Multicultural competence includes: a. awareness. b. knowledge. c. skills. d. all of the above.
d. all of the above.
Awareness, knowledge, skills, and action are: a. essential to master counseling skills. b. key components of Ivey, Ivey, and Zalaquett's teaching model. c. critical to work effectively with clients different from you. d. all of these.
d. all of these.
Ethical codes promote professional empowerment by assisting professionals and professionals-in-training to: a. maintain good practices. b. protect the client. c. consider the social context of helping. d. all of these.
d. all of these.
Exercise is a recommended preventive treatment for: a. obesity. b. cancer. c. slowing onset of Alzheimer's. d. all of these.
d. all of these.
Naming: a. is basic to work with traumatized clients. b. helps rewire brain networks in more positive ways. c. can help client identify biased or racist actions or situations. d. all of these.
d. all of these.
Which of the following professional organizations have published ethical standards? a. American Association of Marriage and Family Therapy (AAMFT) Code of Ethics b. American Psychological Association (APA) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct c. American Counseling Association (ACA) Code of Ethics d. all of these.
d. all of these.
Cultural differences: a. reveal clearly that counseling across cultures is virtually impossible. b. reveal little in the way of personal or group differences. c. must be taken into account, but only with groups with whom one has experience. d. are an important factor that must be considered in every counseling session.
d. are an important factor that must be considered in every counseling session.
Vocal qualities and verbal tracking: a. are essentially the same skill. b. are secondary and tertiary attending skills. c. are NOT interviewer skills. d. are distinctly different and critical attending skills.
d. are distinctly different and critical attending skills.
When it comes to appropriate interviewer body language, ________ is essential to building trust. a. sitting straight in your chair b. skillfully executed technique c. relaxed open arms d. authenticity
d. authenticity
The microskills rest on a base of ____. a. multicultural competence, wellness, positive psychology, and attending skills b. genetics, ethics, and strengths c. listening competencies, ethics, and drive d. ethics, multicultural competence, neuroscience, positive psychology, and resilience
d. ethics, multicultural competence, neuroscience, positive psychology, and resilience
The prime storehouse of positive emotions is the: a. thalamus. b. amygdala. c. cingulate cortex. d. frontal cortex.
d. frontal cortex.
An empathic person who watches a partner being shocked in an experiment: a. draws on memories from the hippocampus to deal with the strain. b. draws on the amygdala to understand the other. c. actually feels his or her partner's pain, even though just watching. d. has some parallel pain centers activated in his or her brain.
d. has some parallel pain centers activated in his or her brain.
"I can go shopping alone most of the time, pretty well assured that I will not be followed or harassed." This is an example of: a. White privilege. b. heterosexual privilege. c. middle-class privilege. d. male privilege.
d. male privilege
"I am not taught to fear walking alone after dark in average public places." This is an example of: a. White privilege. b. heterosexual privilege. c. middle-class privilege. d. male privilege.
d. male privilege.
"If I am promoted, I can be confident that my coworkers won't think it was because of my gender." This is an example of: a. socioeconomic privilege. b. White privilege. c. female privilege. d. male privilege.
d. male privilege.
The brain can develop new neural networks over time. This process is called: a. neurofeedback. b. localization. c. neurotaxis. d. neuroplasticity.
d. neuroplasticity.
The most important factor in developing competence in the microskills is: a. understanding the concepts. b. audio and videotape feedback. c. learning to identify and classify skills. d. practice.
d. practice.
"How does it feel, being a woman, to talk to me about this issue, as I am a man?" Discussing this issue is part of the ethical area of: a. informed consent. b. social justice. c. competence (boundaries). d. privilege.
d. privilege.
The microskills hierarchy: a. demonstrates clearly that different clients have different needs. b. demonstrates that alternative settings for counseling require different skills. c. describes the skills in order of importance d. provides a picture of the microskills as they move from attending to influencing to skill integration.
d. provides a picture of the microskills as they move from attending to influencing to skill integration.
According to the authors, the most effective eye contact for attending ____. a. depends on the cultural and socioeconomic factors of the interviewee b. requires consistent visual contact with the interviewee c. demands avoiding eye contact with the interviewee d. respects multicultural preferences
d. respects multicultural preferences
Empathy is defined as experiencing: a. the client's worldview. b. the world as if you are the client. c. awareness that you are separate from the client. d. the world as if you were the client, but being aware that you are separate from the client.
d. the world as if you were the client, but being aware that you are separate from theclient.
Clients and interviewers highlight important issues in their statements through: a. written instructions. b. verbal underlining, keeping to the same topic, and higher pitch. c. verbal underlining, topic jumps, and softer vocal tone. d. verbal underlining, volume, and emphasis on key words or phrases.
d. verbal underlining, volume, and emphasis on key words or phrases.