PSY 101: Chapter 4: Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity
You are from the United States and when on business in Mexico, you find yourself moving a step __________ from the person speaking with you.
Backward
Why do women tend to desire older men?
Because they are more likely to have financial resources.
Why do men tend to seek younger women?
Because they are most likely to be fertile
What is culture?
Behavior, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group transmitted from one generation to the next.
Even if the musician Stevie Wonder (who is blind) had his vision restored by a miracle surgery, he probably would not get his eyesight back because
Brain cells normally devoted to vision died or were diverted to other uses
Trained brain:
A well-learned finger tapping task, practiced thousands of times activates more motor cortex neurons (in orange) than were active in the same brain before training.
Which gene has been linked to Alzheimer's Disease?
APOE4
Genes are?
Active or inactive(expressed) and you need environmental events to turn them on.
Given findings from adoption studies, which of the following scenarios is the MOST likely?
An adopted brother and sister reared together will share the same political and religious beliefs
Identical twins have been shown to have some amazing psychological similarities. But we should be cautious about attributing these similarities to shared genes because
Any two strangers can share similarities
What are genes?
Are small segments of DNA molecules
Heritability (denoted h^2) of a trait
Is a mathematical estimate of the extent to which variation among individuals can be attribute to their differing genes;it can range from 0 to 1.
What is the goal of molecular genetics?
Is to identify specific genes that influence normal human traits such as body weight, sexual orientation, and basic personality traits.
Evolutionary theory does not mean our behavior?
Cannot be changed
Every cell in your body contains what?
Chromosomes
Defining one's identity in terms of one's extended family or work group is most closely associated with
Collectivism
People who derive more satisfaction from the status of the valued group are apart of what culture?
Collectivist
Evolutionary theory does not mean organism can?
Compute complex mathematical formulas
Different DNA same environment fraternal twins if the intelligence is the same it must be due to the?
Environment
Same DNA different environment Identical twins if the intelligence is different it must be due to the?
Environment
Have different adaptive challenges for men and women led to gender differences in psychological functioning?
Evolutionary psychologists believe the answer is yes
Genes are always active/expressed. (True/False)
False
What separates humans from all other animals?
Language
Women must be highly selective because they are biologically?
Limited in the number of children they can bear and raise in a lifetime
Evolutionary psychologists attribute gender differences in sexuality to the fact that females have
Lower reproductive potential than males
Men have a ________ threshold for perceiving ________ responses as a sexual come on
Lower,warm
If a genetically based attraction to beautiful people contributes to survival, that trait will likely be passed on to subsequent generations. This best illustrates
Natural selection
Each culture group has?
Norms
Natural Selection
Organisms' varied offspring compete for survival. Certain behavioral characteristics increase odds of survival in a particular environment. Offspring that survives reproduce and pass on their genes.
Evolutionary psychologist believe?
Our tendencies as humans have been shaped by evolution.
You are looking through the personal ads one day in the newspaper and notice all of the following in the ads EXCEPT that
Women promote their maturity and affluence by citing career and wealth
Identical twins develop from?
A single fertilized egg and are genetically identical
Individualist cultures
Emphasizes the virtues of independence, autonomy, and self-reliance
Collectivist Cultures
Emphasizes the virtues of interdependence, cooperation, and social harmony
Across cultures, men are likely to initiate ?
Sex
How many chromosomes do you have?
46; 23 from your mother 23 from your father
Each chromosome is made up of 2 strands of what?
DNA
A segment of DNA that provides the code for creating protein molecules is called a(n)
Gene
Evolution does not equal?
Genetic Determinism
Different DNA same environment fraternal twins if the intelligence is the different it must be due to the?
Genetics
Same DNA different environment Identical twins if the intelligence is the same it must be due to the?
Genetics
People who strive for personal achievement are apart of what culture?
Individualistic
North Americans tend to prefer more _______ than do Latin Americans.
Personal space
Adoptive parents are least likely to influence the _____________ of their adopted children.
Personality traits
Rosenweig and Krech found that
Rats raised in enriched environment develop a larger and thicker cortex than rats raised in an impoverished environment
What are norms?
Rules for expected and accepted behavior
Fraternal twins develop from?
Separated fertilized eggs and share half their genes just like siblings
Men in their ________ are most likely to be sexually attracted to women who are several years older rather than several years younger than themselves.
Teens
Evolutionary psychology does not claim what?
That the current collection of adaptive mechanisms that make up humans is any way "optimally designed".
You are in charge of hiring a cruise ship social director and you want to pick someone who is very outgoing. Unfortunately, you only have information about the siblings of the potential candidates. Given what we know about the genetic transmission of outgoingness, which of the following candidates would you choose?
The candidate whose identical twin is outgoing
Karen is a research assistant at the University Psychology lab and finds that the mice cortexes she is studying are thinner and lighter. What happened?
They were raised in deprived environments
Even identical twins separated at birth and raised apart tend to be more similar in their psychological makeup than fraternal twins. (True/False)
True