PSY 101: Chapter 4: Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity

You are from the United States and when on business in Mexico, you find yourself moving a step __________ from the person speaking with you.

Backward

Why do women tend to desire older men?

Because they are more likely to have financial resources.

Why do men tend to seek younger women?

Because they are most likely to be fertile

What is culture?

Behavior, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group transmitted from one generation to the next.

Even if the musician Stevie Wonder (who is blind) had his vision restored by a miracle surgery, he probably would not get his eyesight back because

Brain cells normally devoted to vision died or were diverted to other uses

Trained brain:

A well-learned finger tapping task, practiced thousands of times activates more motor cortex neurons (in orange) than were active in the same brain before training.

Which gene has been linked to Alzheimer's Disease?

APOE4

Genes are?

Active or inactive(expressed) and you need environmental events to turn them on.

Given findings from adoption studies, which of the following scenarios is the MOST likely?

An adopted brother and sister reared together will share the same political and religious beliefs

Identical twins have been shown to have some amazing psychological similarities. But we should be cautious about attributing these similarities to shared genes because

Any two strangers can share similarities

What are genes?

Are small segments of DNA molecules

Heritability (denoted h^2) of a trait

Is a mathematical estimate of the extent to which variation among individuals can be attribute to their differing genes;it can range from 0 to 1.

What is the goal of molecular genetics?

Is to identify specific genes that influence normal human traits such as body weight, sexual orientation, and basic personality traits.

Evolutionary theory does not mean our behavior?

Cannot be changed

Every cell in your body contains what?

Chromosomes

Defining one's identity in terms of one's extended family or work group is most closely associated with

Collectivism

People who derive more satisfaction from the status of the valued group are apart of what culture?

Collectivist

Evolutionary theory does not mean organism can?

Compute complex mathematical formulas

Different DNA same environment fraternal twins if the intelligence is the same it must be due to the?

Environment

Same DNA different environment Identical twins if the intelligence is different it must be due to the?

Environment

Have different adaptive challenges for men and women led to gender differences in psychological functioning?

Evolutionary psychologists believe the answer is yes

Genes are always active/expressed. (True/False)

False

What separates humans from all other animals?

Language

Women must be highly selective because they are biologically?

Limited in the number of children they can bear and raise in a lifetime

Evolutionary psychologists attribute gender differences in sexuality to the fact that females have

Lower reproductive potential than males

Men have a ________ threshold for perceiving ________ responses as a sexual come on

Lower,warm

If a genetically based attraction to beautiful people contributes to survival, that trait will likely be passed on to subsequent generations. This best illustrates

Natural selection

Each culture group has?

Norms

Natural Selection

Organisms' varied offspring compete for survival. Certain behavioral characteristics increase odds of survival in a particular environment. Offspring that survives reproduce and pass on their genes.

Evolutionary psychologist believe?

Our tendencies as humans have been shaped by evolution.

You are looking through the personal ads one day in the newspaper and notice all of the following in the ads EXCEPT that

Women promote their maturity and affluence by citing career and wealth

Identical twins develop from?

A single fertilized egg and are genetically identical

Individualist cultures

Emphasizes the virtues of independence, autonomy, and self-reliance

Collectivist Cultures

Emphasizes the virtues of interdependence, cooperation, and social harmony

Across cultures, men are likely to initiate ?

Sex

How many chromosomes do you have?

46; 23 from your mother 23 from your father

Each chromosome is made up of 2 strands of what?

DNA

A segment of DNA that provides the code for creating protein molecules is called a(n)

Gene

Evolution does not equal?

Genetic Determinism

Different DNA same environment fraternal twins if the intelligence is the different it must be due to the?

Genetics

Same DNA different environment Identical twins if the intelligence is the same it must be due to the?

Genetics

People who strive for personal achievement are apart of what culture?

Individualistic

North Americans tend to prefer more _______ than do Latin Americans.

Personal space

Adoptive parents are least likely to influence the _____________ of their adopted children.

Personality traits

Rosenweig and Krech found that

Rats raised in enriched environment develop a larger and thicker cortex than rats raised in an impoverished environment

What are norms?

Rules for expected and accepted behavior

Fraternal twins develop from?

Separated fertilized eggs and share half their genes just like siblings

Men in their ________ are most likely to be sexually attracted to women who are several years older rather than several years younger than themselves.

Teens

Evolutionary psychology does not claim what?

That the current collection of adaptive mechanisms that make up humans is any way "optimally designed".

You are in charge of hiring a cruise ship social director and you want to pick someone who is very outgoing. Unfortunately, you only have information about the siblings of the potential candidates. Given what we know about the genetic transmission of outgoingness, which of the following candidates would you choose?

The candidate whose identical twin is outgoing

Karen is a research assistant at the University Psychology lab and finds that the mice cortexes she is studying are thinner and lighter. What happened?

They were raised in deprived environments

Even identical twins separated at birth and raised apart tend to be more similar in their psychological makeup than fraternal twins. (True/False)

True