PSY 110- Exam 2 Review

The top TV news story of the day showed a horrific plane crash in which everyone onboard died. Which statement describes what can be expected of people's memory of the event three years after it occurs?

People will have a vivid memory of the event, but they will not be able to accurately recall all the details.

A new highway will be built to accommodate increased traffic due to urban sprawl. For which decision should an expert system be chosen over a conventional computer program?

Planning for environmental concerns

Diane Ackerman wrote, "Because IQ tests favor memory skills and logic, overlooking artistic creativity, insight, resiliency, emotional reserves, sensory gifts, and life experience, they can't really predict success, let alone satisfaction." Whose views on intelligence would the quote affirm?

Sternberg, who distinguished three types of intelligence

Which distinguishes an algorithm from a heuristic strategy in problem solving?

The certainty of achieving an accurate decision when correctly utilized

How did Garcia and Koelling's work on taste aversion change our understanding of classical conditioning?

They demonstrated that inherited traits can extend pairing intervals

Why might violent video games encourage less aggressive behavior than violent television shows?

Unlike television shows, video games allow the user to interact directly with peers.

How did Wechsler further advance Terman's work on measuring intelligence?

Wechsler created a system for making tests relevant for evaluating adult intelligence.

A student who is experiencing __ would be expected to remember dates and events best while taking a history test

a moderate level of stress

In deciding about the risk of walking close to a big dog running loose, the availability heuristic would help to recall ________ a big dog, while the representativeness heuristic would reference ________ a big dog.

a specific interaction with; a stereotype of

Classical conditioning is a learning process in which

a subject associates an existing stimulus with a new stimulus

A prisoner shouts abuse at the night guard but behaves perfectly during the day guard's shift. This is an example of

discriminative stimulation

A positive punishment __, while a negative reinforcement __

introduces an irritant to decrease a behavior; removes something unpleasant to increase a behavior.

Learned helplessness can occur when a subject

is punished repeatedly without recourse

Token economies use operant conditioning to affect human behavior

providing predictable reinforcements for desirable actions

When you are given a list of items to remember, you will probably have a little trouble recalling what came at the end of the list. This is known as the __ effect.

recency

A student learned about World War I in history class and the lifecycles of butterflies in biology class. The following month, the student learned about World War II for history class and fungi for biology class. The student could not remember much about World War I due to __ interference and forgot about fungi because of __ interference.

retroactive; proactive

A key characteristic of short-term memory is that

short term memory can store limited amount of information

When a conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without an unconditioned stimulus, a subject will

show less response until given a break, and will then respond again.

John Watson's experiment with Little Albert demonstrated his theory of behaviorism by

showing that emotional responses could be conditioned

A child with semantic difficulties has problems with ____, which is an example of

word meanings; content

Which statement characterizes the socialization of U.S. girls and Asian girls?

Both groups are socialized to work hard to achieve academic success.

How can multitasking affect the quality of online learning?

By splitting attention between educational material and advertisements

Why might deep brain stimulation that sends impulses to the hypothalamus help improve the condition of people with Alzheimer's disease?

It increases activity in the hippocampus

Which student is avoiding the pitfalls of the curve of forgetting while studying for an exam?

The student who looks over notes twice a day during the week leading up to the test.

A person high in emotional intelligence would

be able to deal with an angry coworker.

Which method of testing seeks to reduce the effects of racial differences on intelligence test results?

Explaining the objective and setup of the portions of an IQ test to test-takers

Do preschool children who grow up speaking two languages early in life get confused by the different languages?

No, a child who is learning about verb tenses in one language can apply the knowledge to the second language.

Which of the following techniques would an experienced taxi driver use when trying to find a specific building?

Reconstruction

________ views cultural knowledge and context as most important for measuring the impact of intelligence on success, whereas ________ believes that many different forms of intelligence are of equal significance.

Sternberg; Gardner

Robert Rescorla's experiments showed that for classical conditioning to occur

a conditioned stimulus must reliably predict a reinforcement

People who are trying to figure out how someone feels about them are concerned about the ________ aspect of emotional intelligence.

personal

Which of the following scenarios demonstrates latent learning

After years of riding in the back seat, a newly licensed driver navigates to school alone.

How do positive and negative reinforcement differ?

Positive reinforcement adds a reward, while negative reinforcement removes a punishment.

A person who witnesses a car theft in the parking lot. It was hard to see the thief's face in the dark, but after being shown a drawing of a suspect, the witness formed an image of this suspect as the thief. The witness told the story to many friends in the months preceding a trial of the suspect. How will the witness' repeated sharing of the story affect the outcome of the trial at which he testifies?

The suspect is more likely to be convicted.

A solution reached by insight is

easy to transfer to new problems

A researcher wants to find out if the age of the participants is a favor in forgetting the name of someone very familiar to the participants. The researcher is concerned with variables that might affect

the tip-of-tongue phenomenon

Don has absolutely no recollection of any event between the ages of 5 and 6. This gap corresponds to the period immediately after his father's death. During therapy, Don becomes convinced that he saw his father die in hospital, though his mother insists it isn't so. Don's memory loss is most likely due to ___________, while his false memory may be

Repression; constructed in response to therapy.

The car of a person who drives every day to work broke down, and the repairs are estimated to be very expensive. The commuter wants to save money and protect the environment. Which question asked by the commuter reflects divergent thinking?

"What alternatives do I have to get to work if I don't fix my car?"

Assume IQ tests are administered to the following children in five-year increments. For which child would the results of the tests support the nurture side of the nature-nurture debate?

A Honduran child who was adopted by a wealthy Canadian family

A science fiction film that featured space exploration opened in theaters everywhere. The plot included a love story and a fight over resources, with dazzling special effects and costumes. Who would be most likely to remember details about the spacecraft and technology featured in the film?

A NASA engineer

Which of the following is most likely to be an effective model for an adolescent girl?

A debate team captain who attends a prestigious college

Which type of memory is most likely to include a mixture of reality and interpretation?

Autobiographical memories

A guitarist knows how to play the lead to all his band's songs without looking at the notes. This is a form of

Implicit memory

How would choosing to focus learning efforts on mental imagery affect the game of a tennis player?

It would improve the player's game

Juanita attended and took notes in every class, and reviews her notes for the final exam. John who missed classes, crams the night before the exam. Which types of memory use distinguishes these students?

Juanita relies on strategies that transfer information into long-term memory, whereas John does not.