PSY 206 Final Chapters 9-10
Brief exposure to sound levels in excess of _________________ can lead to permanent hearing loss.
100 db
Nearly ____ percent of telecommuting programs fail.
20
About _________ percent of the U.S. workforce holds part-time jobs.
25
What was union membership in 1945 as a percent of the U.S. workforce?
35
What was union membership is 2007 as a percent of the U.S. workforce?
5.1
Employees may spend no more than _____ percent of the workweek actually performing job related tasks.
75
U.S. government regulations require worker exposure to no more than ________ sound levels for an eight-hour day.
90 db
__________ diagnose problems, devise strategies, and implement OD interventions.
Change agents
Which of the following is defined as the degree of closeness within a group?
Cohesion
Which statement is true regarding the use of colors in the workplace?
Color can aid in safety practices
Which of the following is true regarding how the size and design of an office building can affect productivity and the nature of the working relationships among co-workers?
In large buildings, the relationships tend to be more formal.
Which statement is correct regarding lighting?
Intensity should vary with the nature of the task and the age of the worker Bank teller stations require 150 foot-candles of illumination Lighting should be uniformly distributed ***All of the above***
The concept of bureaucracy was first proposed by ___________________________.
Max Weber
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an effective socialization program?
Monotonous job
Which of the following is a disadvantage of telecommuting?
More pressure is felt at home by some employees Some employees need more supervision Managers may feel a loss of authority ***All the above***
Which of the following is NOT true of self-managing work groups?
No leadership is required for efficient functioning
__________ includes techniques for introducing large scale changes.
OD
_________ is/are the pattern of beliefs, values, and expectations that guide the behavior of the organization's members.
Organizational culture
___________________ relates to the inability of more than one team member to generate ideas at the same time.
Production blocking
Which of the following are considered to be advantages of telecommuting?
Productivity gains Decreased overtime pay Reduced overhead costs ***All the above***
Why is it difficult to interpret the effects of a change in the physical work environment that has led to an increase in productivity?
The increase in productivity may be temporary. It's hard to say if the change was the result of a physical or a psychological change. The effects may be modified by how employees perceive the change. ***All the above***
The actions of the workers in the telephone-bank wiring room at the Hawthorne works are a classic example of the effects of________________ on productivity.
The informal work group
Which of the following statements is true regarding the size of an office building?
The smaller the building, the more frequent the interactions
David McClelland's work on _____________ contributed to the development of TQM.
Theory Y
Which of the following is most closely associated with high-involvement management?
Theory Y
Which of the following statements regarding the use of colors in the workplace is true?
There is no validity to any purported relationship between color and productivity
Which statement is true regarding labor unions?
They use both formal and informal socialization processes.
Which of the following is true regarding intensity of illumination needed by employees?
Varies with age of the worker
Which is a disadvantage of landscaped offices?
Workers complain of noise Workers complain of pollen Workers complain of a lack of privacy ***a and c*** all the above
The correct sequence for the OD process is:
assessment, diagnosis, implementation, evaluation
Sensitivity training, role playing, group discussion, and survey feedback are all techniques used by _________.
change agents
According to Anderson, Spataro, and Flynn (2008), leaders high in the personality factor ________________ have more influence on employees who work _______________________ on technical tasks.
conscientiousness; alone
Flextime combines ________ with _________.
core mandatory work periods; elective work periods
Computer technology _______________________.
disrupts traditional lines of communication
Research on shift work shows ______.
fewer problems occur with the fixed shift than with the rotating shift
The _____ the cohesiveness, the ______ the pressure to conform.
greater; greater
Research on the effect of landscaped offices on employee attitudes _____________________.
has revealed advantages and disadvantages
High-involvement management style rests on which three assumptions about people?
human relations, human resources, and high involvement
The overall goal of TQM is ______________.
improve the quality of work
When prescribed working hours are ________, the actual time employees spend working ________.
increased; decreases
Wage-incentive systems that reward __________ rather than ______ performance increase competition and lower cohesion.
individual; team
Actual working hours of part-time workers _______ that of full time workers.
is greater than
The reduction of manufacturing jobs to the simplest components is known as _____.
job simplification
Uncongenial work settings ___________.
lead to greater errors and accidents
Unusually high temperatures have ______ significant effect on mental work, and lead to _______ performance on strenuous tasks.
little; lower
The longer the workday or workweek, the ________ the productivity.
lower
The initiative for the four-day workweek usually comes from ________.
management
Organizations tend to be homogeneous in terms of instilling a typical personality in their ____________.
managers
Which of the following is not an advantage of job simplification?
more challenge
Which of the following is not a disadvantage of job simplification?
more training time required
The key to maintaining production under temperature extremes is ___________.
motivation
Job satisfaction seems to be ________ correlated with OD, and productivity seems to be _________ correlated with OD.
negatively; positively
The prescribed number of hours employees are supposed to spend on the job are called ___________________.
nominal hours
Of the following, which of the following is the most important factor during the socialization and resocialization process?
peer feedback
The degree of congruence between an employee's values and the organization's values is known as _______.
person-organization fit
Regarding office and workplace design, _________________________.
physical separation reduces the amount of contact between workers
Research suggests that rest periods should occur _________ to fatigue.
prior
When workplace conditions are made more comfortable, _________.
productivity increases, at least initially
TQM programs _____________________.
restructure job and management requirements to enhance worker participation
A(n) ___________________ is a work team that controls all aspects of the job.
self-managing work team
Music _______ productivity for _______ work.
slightly increases, dull
The adjustment process for new employees is known as _______.
socialization
According to a meta-analysis by Ilies, Hauserman, Schwochau and Stibal (2003), sexual harassment occurs most frequently in
the military
Organizational climate is _____________________________________.
the surface manifestation of organizational culture
Which of the following is the major complaint made by office workers about their work environment?
too cold
OD implementation must begin with __________.
top management
High levels of role ambiguity are positively related with _____________________.
turnover
Desktop Videoconferencing Systems (DVCS) are used by _________.
virtual self-managing work groups
Role ambiguity is best characterized ____________.
when job responsibilities are unstructured or poorly defined
Role conflict is best characterized ____________.
when there is disparity between job demands and the employee's personal standards
Research on rest breaks shows ______________.
workers will take unsanctioned breaks
Young, single employees generally prefer _______________.
working in cities
