PSY: 230 chapter 10

All meningiomas are: A. encapsulated. B. metastatic. C. penumbras. D. infiltrating.

A

Apoptosis is: A. programmed cell death. B. the attraction among regenerating axons in the mammalian PNS. C. passive cell death resulting from injury. D. a division of cells caused by neurotransplantation.

A

Degeneration of the substantia nigra is often associated with: A. Parkinson's disease. B. Alzheimer's disease. C. epilepsy. D. multiple sclerosis.

A

Humans lacking visual input to the cortex develop more _____________ cortex. A. auditory and somatosensory B. motor C. visual and motor D. visual

A

Hypoxia is one of the dangerous effects of: A. tonic-clonic convulsions. B. absence seizures. C. complex partial seizures. D. psychomotor attacks.

A

Inflammation resulting from an infection of the brain is called: A. encephalitis. B. a thrombosis. C. hydrocephalus. D. an embolism.

A

One of the defining characteristics of Alzheimer's disease is: A. the presence of neurofibrillary tangles. B. the miscoding of a gene involved in elastic production. C. a buildup of scar tissue in the central nervous system. D. an accumulation of Lewy bodies.

A

The kindling phenomenon is comparable to the ________________ that can follow a head injury. A. epileptogenesis B. stroke C. contrecoup D. demyelinization

A

The neuroplastic changes underlying kindling: A. are relatively permanent. B. can be intermittent. C. abate after several months of no electrical stimulation. D. are transitory.

A

Valentina has been diagnosed with a malignant brain tumor. Her doctor notes that it is the most common type of brain tumor and that it is growing quite quickly. Valentina has MOST likely been diagnosed with a(n): A. glioma. B. metastatic tumor. C. encapsulated tumor. D. meningioma.

A

Whereas about half of those who lose a limb experience phantom limb sensations, _____ of those born without a limb experience such sensations. A. a sizeable minority B. most C. few D. none

A

_______________ is a treatment for patients who have lost function in one of their arms following stroke. A. Constraint-induced therapy B. Suppression therapy C. Counter-productive therapy D. Mirror-box therapy

A

A 3-per-second spike-and-wave discharge is a sign of: A. a complex partial seizure. B. an absence seizure. C. hypoxia. D. a clonic-tonic seizure.

B

Following axotomy, two kinds of neural degeneration ensue: A. kindling and epileptogenesis. B. retrograde degeneration and anterograde degeneration. C. cerebral ischemia and cerebral hemorrhage. D. cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral ischemia.

B

Huntington's disease is passed from generation to generation by a single mutated dominant gene, called: A. beta-amyloid. B. huntingtin. C. IAHSP. D. trisomy 21.

B

In monkeys whose contralateral arm sensory neurons had been cut 10 years earlier, researchers found that the cortical face representation had systematically expanded into the: A. adjoining tongue area of the primary somatosensory cortex. B. original arm area of the primary somatosensory cortex. C. subcortical structures below the original arm area of the primary somatosensory cortex. D. intact arm area of the primary somatosensory cortex.

B

The progressive development and intensification of convulsions elicited by a series of periodic brain stimulations called: A. epilepsy. B. the kindling phenomenon. C. temporal lobe epilepsy. D. the MPTP model.

B

Tremor that is most pronounced during inactivity is a symptom of: A. Huntington's disease. B. Parkinson's disease. C. multiple sclerosis. D. complex partial epilepsy.

B

Which phrase BEST describes the current status of neurotransplantation as a treatment for Parkinson's disease? A. Neurotransplantation is starting to significantly reduce the number of serious cases. B. There is some suggestion that neurotransplantation might be effective, but its effectiveness is largely unproven and needs additional study. C. Neurotransplantation is now used routinely in most large hospitals. D. Neurotransplantation has been eliminated as a potential treatment as a result of negative side effects in the research with humans.

B

A cerebral hemorrhage is a type of: A. viral infection of the brain. B. bacterial infection of the brain. C. stroke. D. tumor.

C

In the PNS but not the CNS, axons are myelinated by: A. microglia. B. oligodendroglia. C. Schwann cells. D. astrocytes.

C

In the one large-scale study of the effectiveness of neurotransplantation in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, the initial results were encouraging; however, after about a year, some of the patients: A. started to lose their ability to speak. B. developed Alzheimer's disease. C. began to display uncontrollable writhing and chewing movements. D. displayed severe L-dopa withdrawal symptoms.

C

Multiple sclerosis is often considered to be a(n) ____________ disorder. A. psychiatric B. nonprogressive C. autoimmune D. benign

C

Strokes may be caused when there is bleeding in the brain or when blood flow in the brain is blocked. This statement refers to cerebral _____ and cerebral _____, respectively. A. hemorrhage; infarct B. penumbra; ischemia C. hemorrhage; ischemia D. ischemia; hemorrhage

C

Tardive dyskinesia is caused by: A. lead consumption. B. overuse of benzodiazepines. C. long-term use of certain antipsychotic medications. D. chronic use of certain anti-inflammatory medications.

C

The finding that physicians and neuroscientists tend to display more improvement after brain injury has been attributed to their: A. genes dedicated to recovery. B. better diet. C. cognitive reserve. D. greater capacity for regeneration.

C

The genetic accident that causes Down syndrome occurs in the: A. father during sex. B. mother during birth. C. mother during ovulation. D. mother in the first trimester.

C

When an axon degenerates, axon branches grow out from adjacent healthy axons and synapse at the sites vacated by the degenerating axon: This is called: A. synapse filling. B. synaptic facilitation. C. collateral sprouting. D. axonal branch splitting.

C

_______________________ react to MPTP in much the same way that humans do. A. Mice B. Pigeons C. Nonhuman primates D. Rats

C

A simple partial seizure is a type of: A. generalized seizure. B. temporal lobe epilepsy. C. absence seizure. D. focal seizure.

D

After axotomy, the degeneration of the proximal segment is referred to as "______________ degeneration." A. anterograde B. transneuronal C. distal D. retrograde

D

Ava was in a car accident and banged the front of her head on the dashboard. An MRI revealed a ___________ to her occipital lobes. A. stroke B. concussion C. tumor D. contrecoup injury

D

In adult laboratory animals, brain damage has been shown to: A. increase neural connections in the sensory cortex. B. increase the volume of cells in the motor cortex area. C. trigger the migration of stem cells into all damaged areas. D. trigger the migration of stem cells but only into nearby damaged areas.

D

Mark suffers from Parkinson's disease. His doctor notes that he displays bradykinesia and seborrhea and tells Mark that these are medical terms for ______ and _____. A. tremors; small handwriting B. slowness of movement; tremors C. small handwriting; oily skin D. slowness of movement; oily skin

D

Parkinson's disease is associated with widespread degeneration but it is particularly severe in the: A. inferior colliculus. B. hippocampus. C. amygdala. D. substantia nigra.

D

Shamar suffered a spinal injury that left him unable to walk. He learns of an innovative therapy in which he would be suspended over a moving treadmill while he gradually develops the ability to make walking motions. Whereas 50 percent of those with Shamar's type of injury ultimately become independent walkers when treated with conventional physiotherapy, _____ percent of those treated with the innovative therapy do so. A. 75 B. 100 C. 60 D. 90

D

Tardive dyskinesia is often caused by chronic: A. exposure to mercury. B. exposure to lead. C. abuse of alcohol. D. use of antipsychotic drugs.

D

The MPTP model is an animal model of A. Alzheimer's disease. B. kindling. C. multiple sclerosis. D. Parkinson's disease.

D

With respect to the major types of brain infection: A. syphilis and rabies are both bacterial infections. B. syphilis and rabies are both viral infections. C. syphilis is a viral infection, whereas rabies is a bacterial infection. D. syphilis is a bacterial infection, whereas rabies is a viral infection.

D

__________________ was shown to reduce both the loss of hippocampal neurons and deficits in Morris water maze performance caused by experimental cerebral ischemia. A. A second ischemic episode B. A necrosis suppressing factor C. A cholinergic agonist D. An apoptosis inhibitor protein

D