PSY 230 FINAL CH 14 ONLY

By 2020, experts project that _____ of children at 30 years of age will still have living grandparents.

80%

Roughly, what percentage of adults responded that adults have a duty to care for their aging parents?

80%

Why are middle-aged adults sometimes described as the "sandwich" generation?

Because they must care for their adolescent and young adult children as well as their aging parents

According to Levinson, what are the two major tasks to be mastered in early adulthood?

Exploring the possibilities for adult living Developing a stable life structure

Which of the following methods did George Vaillant employ in his longitudinal studies?

Extensive interviews Numerous assessments

In which of the following areas are parents and adult children LEAST similar?

Gender Roles

In which TWO of the following areas are parents and their adult children most similar?

Politics Religion

Which of the following is NOT a belief attributed to the contemporary life-events approach?

The stress of life events alone influences a person's development.

Parents who live vicariously through their children and who report a decline in marital satisfaction when their children leave the home are experiencing ______.

empty nest syndrome

The big five factors of personality can be condensed into the acronym OCEAN. It includes all of the following personality factors, EXCEPT ______.

excitability

In general, high scores on the Big Five factor of ______ are associated with less optimal life outcomes.

neuroticism

The Berkeley studies found that the most stable aspects of personality included all of the following, EXCEPT ______.

self-control

Married men were more likely to be involved with which family group?

Wives' kin

Recent studies revealed that middle-aged adults were ______ their counterparts in late adulthood to view their relationships with indifference or ambivalence.

more likely than

According to Levinson, which of the following ages most closely corresponds to the point in adulthood when a person enters the phase of Becoming One's Own Man (BOOM)?

38

By middle age, more than ______ of middle aged adults provide care for parents or parents-in-law.

40%

The ______ study found little to support the view that personality universally changes or remains stable from early adolescence through a portion of midlife.

Berkeley

Which statements are true about the roles of grandparents in their grandchildren's lives?

Caring for children helps parents remain in the workforce. They often play a particularly important role after family crises.

In an AARP survey of 40- to 79-year-olds who were divorced at least once in their 40s, 50s, or 60s, which of the following was the MAIN reason they stayed married as long as they did before divorcing?

Children

According to recent research, which of the Big Five factors of personality showed a continuous increase from early adulthood to late adulthood?

Conscientiousness

According to Levinson, a person between the ages of 28 and 33 is faced with which of the following tasks?

Determining life goals

Which of the following statements about grandparenting and longevity are TRUE?

In 2000, 40% of 10-year-olds had four living grandparents. The current trend in delaying childbearing is likely to offset the increasing longevity of grandparents somewhat. In 1900, only 4% of 10-year-olds had four living grandparents.

Which of the following pairs is most likely to have the closest relationships during their adult years?

Mothers and daughters

George Vaillant performed longitudinal studies of adult development and aging on which THREE of the following groups?

Socially disadvantaged inner-city men born about 1930 Socially advantaged Harvard graduates born about 1920 Middle-SES, intellectually gifted women born about 1910

Which of the following are criticisms about Levinson's Seasons of a Man's Life?

The original Levinson data included no females. Levinson's work included no statistical analysis. Respondents may have distorted memories or forget parts of their past.

What do recent studies suggest about middle-aged parents?

They are more likely to provide support to their grown children than to their parents.

George Vaillant asserted that ______ experience a midlife crisis.

a minority of people

According to Erikson, which of the following are ways in which middle-aged adults can develop generativity?

biological generativity cultural generativity work generativity

Research indicates that personality ______ throughout adulthood, but there is greater ______ in personality during middle adulthood.

changes; stability

The majority of sibling relationships in middle adulthood can be described as ______.

close

Romantic love tends to be stronger in early adulthood, while ______ love tends to be stronger in middle adulthood.

companionate

Compared to younger adults, most individuals in midlife who are married voice ______ with their marriages.

considerable satisfaction

Seasons of a Man's Life by Daniel Levinson was based upon the results of ______.

extensive interviews with 40 middle-aged men

A limitation of the contemporary life-events approach is that it ______.

fails to address daily experiences that may also be a source of stress

What was the most common response when 40- to 79-year-olds were asked "when you think of who you are, you think mainly of _____?"

family

Men are more likely than women to react to stress with a ______ approach, which can involve isolating themselves, turning to alcohol or drugs, or being aggressive.

fight-or-flight

According to Erikson _______ occurs in middle adulthood and encompasses adults' desire to leave legacies of themselves.

generativity

Parenting, teaching, and involvement in the community are examples of how middle-aged adults can develop

generativity

Levinson's The Seasons of a Man's Life supported the notion that men ______.

go through four major conflicts that comprise a midlife crisis

George Vaillant's study, called the "____ Study," involved Harvard University men in their early 30s and their late 40s who had initially been interviewed as undergraduates.

grant

Research has shown that having an optimistic outlook on life is generally associated with which of the following?

longer life greater relationship satisfaction better physical health

The Baltimore Study by Costa and McCrae assessed ______ in adulthood.

personality

As adult children become middle-aged, they often develop more ______ perceptions of their parents.

positive

In middle adulthood, affectionate or companionate love increases. This form of love includes the qualities of ______.

security loyalty mutual emotional interest

In middle adulthood, affectionate or companionate love increases. This form of love includes the qualities of ______.

security mutual emotional interest loyalty

Jacob, who is 45, has amassed a lot of wealth but has not done anything to benefit the next generation. According to Erikson, he may be in a state of

stagnation

The process by which, over time, people become more adept at interacting with the environment and in ways that promote increased stability in personality can be described as ______.

the cumulative personality model

Olivia is a 19-year-old college student who hopes to be a physician's assistant in a large medical facility. She plans to be married and have two children by the time she turns 30. Levinson would call this ______.

the dream

The contemporary life-events approach takes into account all of the following, except ______.

the stability of one's personality over time

Which of the following responses to stress are more common among men than women?

trying to solve the problem themselves drinking isolating themselves