PSY 241 Exam one

The primary goal which all assessments share is to

Examine the current level of psycho social funtioning

Probability sampling:

Focuses on using techniques to ensure that the research sample is representitive

A prime example of why not backing psychological theories up with research can lead to serious consequences is

Freud's assumption that women who were reporting sexual abuse were actually expressing sexual fantasies

All of the following are inclined among the general principals of the APA ethics code EXCEPT

Agreement regarding research practives

In selecting a sample, a researcher must be careful to:

Ensure that his or her conclusions accurately reflect the generalizability of the sample

All of the following descrive threats to internal validity EXCEPT

Environmental characteristics of the physical locations of the study

Which of the following BEST describes comorbidity

When a person receives diagnoses for two or more disorders at a specific point in time

The median number of psychotherapy sessions attended by clients internationally is somewhere around

5-13

Benjamin Rush promoted a treatment throughout the US consistent of talking and providing support to mentally ill patients?

Moral therapy

which of the following statements are NOT true?

A child cannot be diagnosed with more that one disorder at a given time

Diagnosis is based on which of the following:

A cluster of symptoms that co-occur

Kessler et al. (2003) found which of the following relationships when examining epidemiological data

A positive relation between disorder severity and problems with psycho social funtioning

In addition to being aware of diversity issues, is is important for a psychologist to

All of the above (be open to discussing these issues with clients, have the interpersonal skills to effectively communicate about these issues and have the research skills to interpret and design research that is sensitive to diversity factors)

Which of the following occurs more often among individuals with comorbid disorders

All of the above (chronic history of mental health, higher rate of physical health problems and higher need for healthcare services)

Longitudinal studies can inform us about which of the following:

All of the above (critical time periods of a mental disorder, development of a mental disorder and maintenance of a mental disorder)

School Psychology may focus on

All of the above (dev family based programs to improve learning objectives, promoting social skills in the classroom and prevention of violence within the school community)

Which of the following is an example of how variability can interfere with a study's validity?

All of the above (different interviewers use instructions and procedures differently, measurement error from an unreliable measure influences the data obtained from participants and differences in participant characteristics influence the results within the sample)

To become a licensed clinical psychologist, regardless of the country , it is necessary to

All of the above (have foundational knowledge about theory and practice, demonstrate that you have the skills to put the knowledge into practice effectively and have successfully completed a period of supervised practice)

What is thought to be one of the major pitfalls in protective tests?

All of the above (lack of standardization, reliability and validity)

Solid normative data is important for which of the following reasons

All of the above (provides info on typical distress, problem behaviors and various age groups)

An experimental design is comprised of what feature(s)

All of the above(manipulation of one or more variables to determine the effect on another measured variable, random assignment is used to control extraneous influences and a control group which receives non of the manipulations is often included

Case studies:

Are helpful for connecting events, behaviors and symptoms in the initial phases of a theory

Correlation designs:

Are not capable of establishing a causal connection between variables

What best describes clinical utility?

Assessment data leading to a better clinical outcome

Clinical psychology is the branch of psych that primarily focuses on

Assessment strategies and interventions

Which of the following statements on depression diagnosis is true

Behavioral models developed on adults have made it possible to detect depression in children

Prevention activities tend to focus on

Both of the above (reducing risk factors and enhancing protective factors)

A measurement with high reliability is:

Consistant

The first step in ensuring that a hypothesis is properly formulated and tested is to

Consulting the published research on the phenomenon of interest

A test which indicated that a vegetarian consumes too much red meat most clearly has poor

Discriminant valitidy

Which of the following is NOT a common aspect of psychotherapy utilized across theoretical orientations is:

Discussing the childhood root of the problems

An informed consent must consist of all of the following except the:

Hypotheses of the study

Clinical significance refers to the degree to which a statistical finding is:

Impactiful

Survey information is useful for:

Indicating general tendencies

The code of ethics in research includes a component which states that a person who is participating in a research study mush understand what is being done and must agree to participate. this clause is known as

Informed consent

Alfred Binet is most known for his work on

Intelligence testing

Being able to justify interpretations of research results while ruling out alternitive interpretaions is referred to as

Internal validiy

The onset of most mood disorders tend to occur during what stage of life

Late adolesecnts

Who is often described as the father of clinical psychology and who also coined the term "clinical psychology"

Lightner Witmer

According to the NIH, among the following the most common diagnosis is

Major depressive disorder

When the influence of one variable on a second variable is explained, at least partially, by a third variable, the third variable is said to be a _________ of the relationship

Mediator

What is one activity that most clinical psychologist do NOT engage in during practice

Medicate

One compelling reason to support the extension of prescription privileges to psychologist may be preferred to the current model of medication delivery to patients

Most psychoactive medications are prescribed by general practitioners whose training in mental health issues is limited to a few weeks of placement with a psychiatrist

It is okay to use deception in research:

Only if is is justified by the potential gains which are not feasible through non-deceptive means

The most objective measures are

Physiological meaures

A score on a graduate school test is said to be a good predictor of a graduate school GPA. This test would be said to have good:

Predictive valitdy

When no research evidence is available to guide services , a psychologist should:

Proceed with services while maintaing a scientific frame of mind

Clinical consultations refers to:

Providing information,advice and recommendations on how to best assess, understand or treat a client

During the time that the first edition of the DSM was published the primary form of treatment was which of the following?

Psychoanalysis

What is the MMPI-2 used to measure?

Psychological disturbances among adults

A majority of clinical psychologist engage in

Psychotherapy

Tertiary prevention involves

Reducing the overall disability that results form the disease or disorder

Standard psychiatric training strongly prepares psychiatrists for all of the following EXCEPT

Research skills in designs and statistical analysis

Which of the following models has a primary goal of emphasizing training in the clinical skills that most clinical psychologists would need in a service setting and places less emphasis on research skills

Scientist-practitioner model OR practitioner-scholar model EITHER WOULD BE CORRECT ON THE EXAM

Which of the following is an example of research that a clinical psychologist specializing in normal functioning may conduct

Sleep difficulties following work stress

Which best defines meta-analysis

Technique by which groups of studies can be statistically combined and compared

A scale weighing you at 150 pound first then 130 pounds immediately afterwards has poor

Test-retest reliabitly

In quasi-experimental designs:

The experimenter manipulates some variables but is not able to manipulate other important variables

What does dyscontrol mean in reference to defining psychological distorders

The impairment is involuntary or not readily controlled

The APA ethical code requires psychologists to be self-aware and to ensure that they do not offer psychological services when their functioning is impaired because of research that shows that:

The more negative life events psychologists experience, the more impairment in professional roles they report

What is the BEST definition of validity?

The most effective way to classify an object

The DSM is:

The universal diagnositc system used by clinical psychologist in the united states

What is the evidence based practice model of clinical psychology

ebp focuses on research evidence and informed decision making skills for all professional activities

historically what was the main concept that was emphasized in counseling psych and less in clinical psychology

focuses on well- adjusted individuals

One concern expressed of a science-based approach to clinical psychology is

research cannot provide useful guidance to account for each unique individual

What is Richard McFall's Cardinal principal

scientific clinical psychology is the only acceptable form of clinical psych