Psy 316: Cognitive Psychology, Ch. 4- Attention

2. Which of the following is an experimental procedure used to study how attention affects the processing of competing stimuli? A. Early Selection B. Filtering C. Channeling D. Dichotic Listening

D. Dichotic Listening

15. Which of the following is most closely associated with Treisman's attenuation theory of selective attention? A. Late Selection B. Stroop experiments C. Precueing D. Dictionary unit

D. Dictionary unit

23. the Stroop effect demonstrates People's inability to ignore the [blank] of words. A. Meaning B. color C. size D. font

A. Meaning

7. The cocktail party effect is A. The ability to pay attention to one stimulus while filtering out other stimuli. B. The inability to pay attention to one stimulus in the presence of competing stimuli. C. The diminished awareness of information in a crowd. D. The equal division of attention between competing stimuli.

A. The ability to pay attention to one stimulus while filtering out other stimuli.

12. Broadbent's model is called an early selection model because A. The filter eliminates unattended information right at the beginning of the flow of information B. The filtering step occurs before the information enters the sensory store. C. Only a select set of environmental information enters the system. D. Incoming information is selected by the detector.

A. The filter eliminates unattended information right at the beginning of the flow of information

36. [Blank] Is the process by which features such as color, form, motion and location are combined to create our perception of a coherent object. A. binding B. integration C. assimilation D. equilibration

A. binding

35. Illusory conjunctions are A. combinations of features from different stimuli B. . Misidentified objects using the context of the scene. C. Combinations of features from the masking field and the stimuli. D. Features that are consistent across different stimuli.

A. combinations of features from different stimuli

37. during a visit to the local museum, you appreciate the incredible beauty of the paintings displayed on the wall. Your ability to see the paintings as complete pictures rather than individual, disconnected debts of color, texture and location is because of a process called [blank]. A. contiguity B. proximity C. accommodation D. binding

A. contiguity

29. the distribution of attention among two or more tasks is known as A. divided attention B. dual attention C. divergent tasking D. selective attention

A. divided attention

32. The Stroop effect demonstrates A. how automatic processing can interfere with intended processing B. a failure of divided attention. C. The ease of performing a low load task. D. Support for object based attention

A. how automatic processing can interfere with intended processing

30. in Schneider and Shifrin's experiment, in which participants were asked to indicate whether a target stimulus was present in a series of rapidly presented "frames" divided attention was easier A. once processing had become automatic B. when processing was done verbally C. when verbal processing was prohibited by the experimenters D. when processing was more controlled

A. once processing had become automatic

26. the use of a machine that tracks the movement of one's eyes can help reveal the shifting of one's [blank] attention. A. overt B. covert C. divided D. dichotic

A. overt

3. Dichotic listening occurs when A. The same message is presented to the left and right ears. B. Different messages are presented to the left and right ears C. A message is presented to one ear and a masking noise is presented to the other ear. D. Participants are asked to listen to listen to a message and look at a visual stimulus, both at the same time.

B. Different messages are presented to the left and right ears

10. Which theorist is responsible for proposing the idea of a filter model of attention A. Raymond Sanders B. Donald Broadbent C. Monica McGoldrick D. Elizabeth Loftus

B. Donald Broadbent

8. The "filter model" proposes that the filter identifies the attended message based on A. Meaning B. Modality C. Physical characteristics D. High order characteristics

C. Physical characteristics

18. A high threshold in Treisman's model of attention implies that A. Weak signals can cause activation B. It takes a strong signal to cause activation C. All signals cause activation D. No signals cause activation

B. It takes a strong signal to cause activation

19. The main difference between early and late selection models of attention is that in late selection models, selection of stimuli for final processing doesn't occur until the information is analyzed for A. Modality B. Meaning C. Physical characteristics D. Location

B. Meaning

11. In the filter model of attention the stages of information processing occur in which order? A. Detector, Filter, Sensory Store, Short-term memory B. Sensory Store, Filter, Detector, Short-term memory C. Filter, Detector, Sensory Store, Short-term memory D. Detector, sensory store, filter, Short-term memory

B. Sensory Store, Filter, Detector, Short-term memory

4. In a dichotic listening experiment [blank] refers to the procedure that is used to force participants to pay attention to a specific message in one ear among competing messages in the other ear. A. Rehearsing B. Shadowing C. Echoing D. Delayed Repeating

B. Shadowing

17. Which stage in Treisman's "attenuation model" has a threshold component A. The attenuator B. The dictionary unit C. The filer D. The leaky filter

B. The dictionary unit

27. results of pre-queuing experiments show that participants respond more rapidly to a stimulus that appeared at the [blank] location. A. fixated B. cued C. rightmost D. Topmost

B. cued

24. with the Stroop effect, you would expect to find longest response times when A. the color and the name matched B. the color and the name differed C. the shape and the name matched D. the shape and the name differed

B. the color and the name differed

25. the Stroop effect occurs when participants A. are told to divide their attention between colors and shapes B. try to name colors and ignore words C. try to select some incoming information based on meaning D. are told to shadow two messages simultaneously

B. try to name colors and ignore words

9. According to the filter model of attention, which of the following messages would likely be identified by the filter? A. All messages selected by the filter B. All messages within earshot C. A message with an unfamiliar foreign accent D. All sensory messages

C. A message with an unfamiliar foreign accent

6. Colin Cherry's experiment in which participants listened to two different messages, one presented to each ear, found that people A. Could focus on a message only if they are repeating it. B. Could focus on a message only if they rehearsed it. C. Could focus on one message and ignore the other one at the same time. D. Could not focus on a message presented to only one ear.

C. Could focus on one message and ignore the other one at the same time.

14. Suppose twin teenagers are vying for their mother's attention. The mother is trying t pay attention to one of her daughters, though both girls are talking (one about her boyfriend, one about a school project). According to the operating characteristics of Treisman's attenuator, it is most likely the attenuator is analyzing the incoming message in terms of A. Physical characteristics B. Language C. Meaning D. Direction

C. Meaning

5. When a person is shadowing a message, he or she is A. Silently following it mentally B. Ignoring it while paying attention to another message. C. Saying the message out loud D. Thinking about something closely related to the message.

C. Saying the message out loud

31. automatic processing occurs when A. cognitive resources are high. B. Response times are long. C. Tasks are well practiced. D. Attention is focused.

C. Tasks are well practiced.

28. posner and coworkers (1978) deduced which of the following from their research? A. Divided attention B. dual attention C. divergent tasking D. selective attention

C. divergent tasking

22. if you are folding towels that have just come out of the laundry while watching television, you may find that you do not have to pay much attention to the process of folding the towels. This sort of familiar task that does not require much of your attention would being example of a(n) [blank] task. A. attenuated B. high load C. low load D. filtered

C. low load

34. According to Treismen's feature integration theory, the first stage of perception is called the [blank] stage A. feature analysis B. focused attention C. pre-attentive D. letter analysis

C. pre-attentive

33. In Simons and Chabris's "change blindness" experiment, participants watch a film of people playing basketball. Many participants failed to report that a woman carrying an umbrella walk-through because the A. woman with the umbrella was in motion, just like the players. B. The umbrella was the same color as the floor C. the participants were counting the number of ball passes. D. The participants were not asked if they saw anything unusual

C. the participants were counting the number of ball passes.

1. When Sam listens to his girlfriend Susan in the restaurant and ignores other people's conversations he is engaged in the process of [blank] attention. A. Low load B. Divided C. Cocktail Party D. Selective

D. Selective

13. Which experimental result caused problems for Broadbent's filter model of selective attention? A. A result where listeners don't notice words presented up to 35 times in the unattended ear B. A result where listeners can shadow a message presented in the attended ear C. The result of Cherry's experiment demonstrating the cocktail party phenomenon. D. The result of the "Dear Aunt Jane" experiment

D. The result of the "Dear Aunt Jane" experiment

16. According to Treisman's "attentuation model", which of the following would expect to have the highest threshold for most people? A. The world "money" B. Their child's first name C. The word "home" D. The word "platypus"

D. The word "platypus"

20. Suppose you are in the kitchen writing a grocery list while your roommate is watching TV in the next room. A commercial for spaghetti sauce comes on TV. Although you are not paying attention to the TV, you suddenly remember that you need to pick up spaghetti sauce and added to the list. Your behavior is best predicted by which of the following models of attention? A. object based B. early selection C. spotlight D. late selection

D. late selection

21. in support of late selection models, Donald McKay showed that the presentation of the biasing word on the unattended ear influence participants processing of [blank] when they were [blank] of that word. A. Letter pairs

aware B. letter pairs; unaware C. ambiguous sentences; aware D. Ambiguous sentences; unaware; D. Ambiguous sentences; unaware