PSY 365 Practice Exam

parietal lobe

A 10-month old baby is interested in discovering different textures, comparing the touch sensations between a soft blanket and a hard wooden block. Tactile signals such as these are received by the

cognitive map

A mental conception of the layout of a physical space is known as

Analytic Introspection (Wundt)

A technique in which trained participants describe their experiences and thought processes to a stimuli is known as

object discrimination problem

Amhad is doing an experiment in which he has to choose between the object he has been shown previously (the target object) and another object. Choosing the target object will result in a reward. What sort of task is Amhad doing?

The results of Gauthier's "Greeble" experiment illustrate

An effect off experience-dependent plasticity

less than one second

In Donder's researsh on human decision making, he that it took ______ to decide which of the two buttons to push in response to a stimulis

Arteries

In which of the following body parts are neurons not present

observable behavior

John Watson believed that psychology should focus on the study of

Physical characteristic

The filter model proposes that the filter identifies the attended message based on

Computers

The occurrence of a cognitive revolution during which dramatic changes took place in the way of psychology was studied

what; where

The perception pathway corresponds to the _____ pathway, while the action pathway corresponds to the _____ pathway.

Meaning

The stroop effect demonstrates people's inability to ignore the ______ of words

the resting potential

The value that stays the same as long as there are no signals in the neuron

the source of information

What differentiates bottom-up processing from top-down processing

Behavior of people with brain damage

What does the field of neuropsychology study?

Synapse

What is the gap between the end of the neuron's axon and the dendrites or cell body of another neuron known as

Cell body

What is the metabolic center of an individual neuron

When our perceptions are the result of inferences that we make about the environment

What is the process of unconscious inference

Axons

What part of the neuron transmits signals to other neurons

when environmental energy stimulates the receptors

When does bottom up processing start

Treismans attenuator

Which of the following attention model components produces two levels of output?

It involves rapid processes.

Which of the following is true about perception?

are determined primarily by the task

eye tracking studies investigating attention as we carry out actions such as making a peanut butter sandwich found that a person's eye movements

neural circuits

groups of interconnected neurons are referred to as

the mind is a problem solver

how is the term used in this statement: 'if you put your mind to it, im sure you can solve the problem"

inverse projection problem

task of determining the object that caused a particular image on the retina

late selection

Suppose you are in your kitchen writing a grocery list, while your roommate is watching TV in the next room. A commercial for spaghetti sauce comes on TV. Although you are not paying attention to the TV, you "suddenly" remember that you need to pick up spaghetti sauce and add it to the list. Your behavior is best predicted by which of the following models of attention?

once processing has become automatic

In Schneider and and Shiffrin's experiment, in which participants were asked to indicate whether a target stimulus was present is a series of rapidly presented "frames", divided attention was easier

Hierarchical processing

Taking clay and sand to create bricks, which are then used to build modular wall panels, which are then assembled to construct tall buildings, is similar to which of the following neural concepts?

Meaning of a scene, often related to what is happening within the scene.

The term semantics when applied to perception means the

Skinner's publication of the book, Verbal Behavior

Which of the following events is most closely associated with a resurgence in interest in the mind within the study of psychology?

Dichotic Listening

Which of the following is an experimental procedure used to study how attention affects the processing of competing stimuli?

It replaced functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) because it was less expensive.

Which of the following is not true of position emission tomography (PET)

Close attention

Which of the following options would NOT be an important factor in automatic processing?

Receptors

Which part of the nervous system picks up information from the outside environment

B.F. Skinner

Which proposed that children's language development was caused my imitation and reinforcement

Neurotransmitters

Which substance is released when signals reach the synapse at the end of the axon

localization of function

Paul Broca and Carl Wernicke's research provided early evidence for

Presenation

Reaction time refers to the time between the __________ of a stimulus and a person's response to it

sensory memory

Richard Atkinson and Shiffrins model of memory, which was introduced a year after publication of Neisser's book, described the flow flow of information in the memory system as programming through three stages. Which memory holds incoming information for a fraction of a second then passes most of this information to short term memory?

parahippocampal place area (PPA)

Sarah has experienced brain damage making it difficult for her to understand spatial layout. Which area of her brain has most likely sustained damage?

meaning between properties of an object

Semantic regularity refers to the

Organizing the sounds of speech into individual words

Speech segmentation is defined as

salience; fixation; increase

As the ________ of a stimulus increases, ________ tends to ________.

1950s

Asa result of gaps in the behaviorist paradigm, the new cognitive paradigm began to emerge in which decade

could focus on one message and ignore the other at the same time

Colin Cherry's experiment in which participants listened to two different messages, one presented to each ear, found that people

decision making

Donder's main reason for doing his experiment about choice reaction time was to study

continuous

Early studies of the brain tissue used staining techniques and microscopes from the 19th century described the 'nerve net' these early understandings were in error in the sense that the nerve net was believed to be

perception is affected by experience but built in principles can override experience

Gestalt psychologists believe

mind wandering

Lan has no idea what she just read in her text because she was thinking about how hungry she is and what she is going to have for dinner. This is a real-world example of

Episodic, Procedural, and Semantic

Long term memory is subdivided into what..?

Created proofs from problems in logic

Newell and Simon were among the first to use computers in cognitive psychology. Their computer program

Memories occur when a specific group of neurons is reactivated. When a memory is recalled from the long term memory it will be transferred back to short-term memory. While sensory stimuli are just things we perceive, like taste, smell, touch, etc. The visual receptors are activated through the retina where rods and cones give an image color. The brain processes a visual stimuli through the optic nerve.

Why are memories represented in the brain differently than sensory stimuli? Give an example comparing how the brain would process a visual stimulus and a memory, and explain your meaning?

analytic introspection

Wundt's procedure in which trained participants describe their experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli presented under controlled conditions is known as

Different parts of the brain

You are walking down the street and see a really nice car drive by. You notice many features of it: its color, movement, shape, location, and so forth. All of these features are processed

good continuation

You look at a rope coiled on a beach and are able to perceive it as a single strand because of the law of

firing rate of the action potentials

when recording from a signal neuron, stimulus intensity is represented by the

inattentional blindness

which of the following illustrates how we can miss things even if they are clearly visible

angled orientation

which of the following is not an example of aphysical regularity in your text

Axon

which part of the neuron is called the nerve fiber

Tolman

who developed the concept of a cognitive map

likelihood principle

"if you've seen one, you've seen em all'

the mind as a healthy mind being associated with normal function, a nonfunctioning mind with abnormal functioning

"when he talks about his encounter with aliens, it sounds like he is out of his mind"