PSY 5,6
Mid-twentieth-century researchers believed that people reach their intellectual peak in their:
20s
About 1 in _____ married couples in the United States met each other on line
3
The transition from preoperations to concrete operations is gradual and typically occurs between ages of:
5 and 8.
On average, the physical changes of puberty take about _____ to complete.
5 years
Pruning in the frontal lobes starts at age:
9.
Over _____ million children are raised by their grandparents alone.
1
Research with gay people suggests that people's first sexual feelings arise at _____ years of age.
10
According to adolescent specialists, what is the "problem" with the teenage brain?
Frontal lobe development is still occurring when puberty activates the brain's emotion centers.
_____ coined the phrase "storm and stress" regarding adolescence.
G Stan. Hall
Pick the factor that did NOT help to make adolescence a distinct life stage.
High school made teenagers want to rebel.
_____ is evaluating oneself as either good or bad as a result of comparing the self to other people.
Self-esteem
Who is MOST likely to have the greatest success in relationships?
Terry, who is high in conscientiousness, agreeableness, and extraversion
Which of the following is the first sign of puberty in boys?
The penis and testes grow.
How is a person likely to change when that person reaches midlife?
The person will have generative priorities
Why is the crowd the ideal medium to bridge the gap between the sexes
There is safety in numbers.
Eight-year-old Ahmed doesn't care about sports at all and reports that he is not a very good athlete. The fact that he is not a good athlete will _____ his self-esteem.
have little impact on
One reason for recent increases in the median age of the population in the developed world is declining:
fertility rates.
Women are more likely than men to:
have lower paying jobs
The young-old and the old-old differ in:
health and income.
When a child's death becomes imminent, it's BEST to have parents:
help participate in the hands-on care.
_____ thrive in the grandparent role
highly generative people
As women approach menopause, they usually experience:
hot flashes
Children who are excessively timid, self-conscious, and depressed may have _____ tendencies.
internalizing
If a relationship lacks _____, with one partner doing significantly more than the other, the outcome is typically marital dissatisfaction.
marital equality
The separation of men and women into different kinds of jobs and career paths is called:
occupational segregation
When William Corsaro went undercover as an "oversized three-year-old," he found that preschool play plots:
often centered on mastering upsetting events.
The proportion of working adults to retirees, which is expected to rise dramatically as the baby boomers retire, is called the:
old-age dependency ratio.
Sean is 82. Developmentalists classify Sean as:
old-old
The group that is MOST vulnerable to suicide is
old-old widowed men.
Gender schema theory suggests that once children understand their gender label they:
selectively attend to the activities of their own sex.
Faila believes that if she works hard, she can do almost anything. Faila has high:
self-efficacy.
Name the language facet that improves throughout life.
semantics
The frontal lobes develop:
slowly; they let people consider options and inhibit immediate responses.
All of the following are good strategies for helping children cope with divorce EXCEPT:
striving for joint custody in all cases.
Baby boomers are more apprehensive about retiring than people were in the past because they:
suffered a decrease in their assets' value during the Great Recession of 2008
MOST ill people enter hospice care:
weeks or days before death
_____ memory transforms information into permanent storage.
working
John has sympathy for his friend Tom who recently went through a divorce. This means that John feels:
terrible for Tom, without necessarily feeling his intense distress.
Pick the strategy recommended by the text for keeping one's IQ fine-tuned with age.
Surround oneself with interesting people.
Statistically, which statement is true?
The elderly think more positively about life than do younger adults
Which of the following statements is NOT one of the criticisms made regarding Baumrind's parenting styles framework?
The framework applies only to U.S. poor children.
What happens to a person who is suffering from Alzheimer's disease?
The neurons decay and are replaced by neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques
Pick the factor that does NOT encourage an early "transition to intercourse."
being the youngest sibling in a family
Animism refers to the:
belief that natural objects and phenomena are alive.
This is not NOT a major factor that may help prevent lifelong obesity:
elementary lunch programs
Assisted-living facilities are designed for people:
experiencing ADL limitations who do not require nursing home care
If a child is being bullied, the child's BEST defense is to:
have a strong sense of self-efficacy.
Undernourished children tend to
have impaired physical and social skills.
Children who are incredibly anxious, timid, and frightened:
have internalizing tendencies.
Children raised in lesbian families:
have no problems with their own gender identity
Youth development programs strive to do all of the following EXCEPT:
have teens focus on improving academics
Crystallized intelligence tends to _____ with age, and memory abilities tend to _____ with age.
increase, decreased
The amount of time contemporary mothers spend teaching and playing with their children has _____ since the 1960s.
increased
Typical parent-child conflict centers on _____ issues.
independenc
Adult attachment categories are based on Ainsworth's:
infant attachment styles
AIDS is an example of death in this dying pathway
long and erratic
Diane has cancer that goes in and out of remission. What dying pathway is she currently on?
long and erratic
This is currently the MOST common dying pathway.
long and erratic
The main cause of older people's slowness is:
long reaction times
In national surveys, mothers of young children report _____ day-to-day happiness compared to women who are NOT parents or empty-nesters.
lower
. Synaptogenesis refers to the process of:
making billions of connections between neurons.
Effective interventions to reduce bullying center on:
making bullying a socially unacceptable activity.
A hospice worker would be committed to all the following behaviors EXCEPT:
making sure patients stay in the hospital during their final days.
_____ admit to having a favorite child.
many mothers
At age 3 Max can throw a ball clumsily but by age 4 he can throw and catch a ball smoothly. This demonstrates the:
mass to specific principle.
The two healthy emerging adult identity statuses are:
moratorium and achievement.
A focused, real-world look at one's chosen career in order to confirm the decision is called:
moratorium in depth
People who feel sympathy instead of empathy are _____ to help people in need because _____.
more likely; empathy can cause anxiety and paralysis
The three components of Sternberg's triangular theory of love are:
passion, intimacy, and commitment.
_____ euthanasia is legal in every state in the United States.
passive
Judith Harris proposed that the main force shaping children's behavior is their _____ rather than their parents.
peers
As a person ages, his or her _____ score on the WAIS will decline.
performance
According to John Holland's classic theory, the key to finding career fulfillment is matching one's job to one's:
personality
Research suggests that:
personality weighs heavily in whether one is judged attractive.
When a doctor prescribes a lethal dose of medication for a terminal patient it is called:
physician-assisted suicide.
An example of rough-and-tumble play is:
play wrestling
Which of the following has been shown to be the MOST effective strategy for changing children's behavior?
positive reinforcement
Jean Piaget's second stage of cognition is known as:
preoperational.
According to the information-processing perspective, older people experience the LEAST problems with:
procedural memory.
According to evolutionary psychologists, menopause and grandparenthood evolved to:
promote the survival of the young.
The person will have generative priorities
quickly master new intellectual challenges.
This type of aggression occurs in response to being hurt, threatened, or deprived.
reactive
The way children view themselves during elementary school is more _____ compared to the way they view themselves during early childhood.
realistic
Play wrestling is an example of _____ play.
rough-and-tumble
During childhood boys and girls are:
roughly the same size.
This occurs when a young person is unable to decide between different identities.
ruminative moratorium
According to Vygotsky, a parent engages in _____ when he adjusts the support offered to the child during a teaching session to fit the child's current level of performance.
scaffolding
The majority of residents in long-term care are:
women in their late eighties and above.
In the study examining teenagers' career dreams, researchers classified people as _____ if they enjoyed being productive and had a sense of accomplishing tasks.
workers
At 15, Jeremiah's parents are having a lot of difficulty with him. He frequently argues with them and tests their rules. According to the research, as Jeremiah reaches late adolescence this intense urge to rebel will probably:
decrease.
Older people in the United States are at high risk of being poor when they:
depend on Social Security alone.
Alternatives to institutionalization is the label for services and settings
designed to keep people with age-related disabilities from entering nursing homes if they don't need 24-hour care.
According to the identity statuses framework, a teen experiencing Erikson's role confusion would be labeled:
diffused
According to Gottman's research, when the ratio of positive to negative interactions between spouses is less than 5 to 1, the risk of _____ is high.
divorce
Which action describes a person using selective optimization with compensation?
do not try to remember irrelevant informatio
Jett is celebrating his sixth birthday. Which life stage has he just completed?
early childhood
Research found that high school graduates had shorter telomeres than those who attended college, especially among Black men. This demonstrates that:
education can directly affect the aging process.
Adolescent _____ refers to David Elkind's idea that young teens feel they are the center of attention, and everyone is watching what they are doing.
egocentrism
Which statement is false?
Rates of teenage sexual intercourse are at an all-time high.
_____ is the type of intimacy that is ideal in love relationships.
Secure attachment
Which of the following is NOT an intervention for age-related hearing losses?
Speak more loudly and with slow, exaggerated pronunciation.
Why do women live longer than men?
The reasons are both biological and environmental.
What might be a tip-off that a teen boy or girl wants to become sexually active?
The teen gravitates to sexually explicit media.
What is a major reason for the declining fertility rates in industrialized countries?
The transition to adulthood takes longer than it used to
What can happen when first-semester college students get their final grades at the end of the semester?
a decline in self-esteem
Fluid intelligence declines with age due to:
a gradual slowing of people's mental processes.
The three MOST common pathways to death are: sudden and unexpected death, death occurring after a steady decline, and death after:
a long, erratic series of health ups and downs
In a living will:
a mentally competent person gives instructions about his or her wishes for life-prolonging strategies if he or she is incapable of making those wishes known.
Which is NOT a feature of anorexia nervosa?
a total obsession with health
Theory-of-mind abilities emerge:
about age 4.
To promote realistic self-esteem, one must enhance children's self-efficacy and encourage:
accurate self-perceptions.
During the transition to parenthood the majority of couples:
become less happy with one another.
Bulimia involves which of the following?
binging and purging
Research has shown that having a _____ background can push people to think in more creative, complex ways about life.
biracial
When married parents have children from former unions, their family is called a(n) _____ family.
blended
The world portrays motherhood as:
blissful and unrealistically positive.
The career path in which people change jobs or professions periodically is called a(n) _____ career.
boundaryless
Research found that caring social connections are important to the aging process and may help explain the Hispanic paradox. This research indicated that _____ are connected to longevity.
close relationship
The reliability of a test refers to how:
consistent the scores are when the test is taken multiple times.
According to the triangular theory of love, when a couple has passion, intimacy, and commitment, that couple has _____ love.
consummate
The brain region that lets humans consider options and inhibit their immediate responses is called the:
frontal lobes
Men are more likely to experience impaired hearing than women partly because of:
gender-related occupational choices
Erikson's midlife developmental task is called:
generativity
Which of the following is NOT a recommendation for how to help a bereaved person?
give lots of advice
Certified nursing assistants and aides tend to be:
happy with their jobs but not the pay.
Paula's IQ is 114, yet she reads on a third-grade level in seventh grade. Paula MOST likely:
has a learning disability.
Hospice care depends on:
having a family support system.
Which experience helps people mature at an early age?
having a romantic relationship
Which of the following is the only characteristic shared by normal dieters and people with eating disorders?
having an interest in losing weight
Residential complexes for the elderly that provide different levels of services from independent apartments to nursing home care are:
continuing-care communities
According to Erikson, identity development involves a person:
deciding who he or she wants to be as an adult.
The combination of passion, commitment, and intimacy, which is called consummate love, tends to _____ over time.
decline
Self-esteem _____ during a child's elementary school years.
declines
Fertility rates in affluent regions of the world are:
declining
With _____ the person has difficulties with memory and thinking that do NOT prevent independent living.
minor neurocognitive disorde
The grandparents' family watchdog role involves:
monitoring the well-being of younger family members and intervening to provide help
Less than _____ U.S. families are considered to be traditional, nuclear families.
one-half of
Two-year-old Gage says "kitty" every time he sees any four-legged animal. This illustrates:
overextension.
One reason why relational aggression becomes common in girls, is that, _______ aggression is severely sanctioned in females.
overt, physical
A core problem for people with eating disorders is:
ow self-efficacy.
The tendency for older people to focus on positive experiences and to ignore negative ones is referred to as the:
positivity effect
Kohlberg believed individuals who use their own moral guidelines apart from society are in which stage of development?
postconventional
Which adult attachment style is defined by excessive jealousy, clinginess, and neediness?
preoccupied/ambivalent
Chinyelu is 9 years old. He is extremely athletic and can run and jump almost as well as his older siblings. However, he has great difficulty in controlling his impulses. This is because _____ has just begun in the frontal lobes, unlike the visual and motor cortices in which the process began much earlier.
pruning
Until the 1960s, dying in the United States was:
rarely discussed.
Formal operations involves being able to:
reason at an abstract, scientific level.
According to the U-shaped curve of marital satisfaction, marriages are happiest when:
the couple is honeymooning or has an empty nest.
In the original IQ studies using the WAIS in the mid-twentieth-century, findings were related to:
the education differences between the groups examined
What is the greatest barrier that keeps dads from being fully involved in child care?
the need to fulfill the breadwinner role
If a person is laid off or unemployed, that person is more likely to be depressed if:
the society views the unemployed as failures.
The difference between what children can do and what they can potentially do is:
the zone of proximal development.
Parent care refers to adults caring for:
their disabled elderly parents.
Renee Baillargeon's experiment involving two kinds of false-belief sequences showed how _______ can develop before toddlers can articulate their understanding in words.
theory of mind
MOST adolescents are
upbeat and happy
One key to happiness in older adulthood is to:
use emotion regulation flexibly to give up total control
The risk of getting a neurocognitive disorder by 65 is:
very small for both genders
Kübler-Ross found that dying patients:
were often relieved to talk about their diagnoses
Fostering school self-efficacy involves praising children for:
working hard.
Young women often feel _____ about their bodies than their middle-aged counterparts.
worse
On average, preschool children from low-income families do markedly _____ than their affluent counterparts on tests of _____.
worse; reading readiness and math
When asked why Jorge likes his friend Victor, he replies, "because we both love playing with swords." These boys are probably _____ children because they describe their friendships in terms of _____ qualities
younger; external
Adolescence became a distinct stage of development during the:
1930's
One in _____ U.S. children are being raised by single parents.
4
Which change has NOT contributed to the rise in the median age of the world's population?
AIDS in the developing world
Which statement about normal aging is true?
Aging changes are genetically programmed into people's DNA
An adult who is fully able to connect and reach out in love is MOST like:
Ainsworth's securely attached infant.
Which of the following is NOT a recommendation regarding obesity?
Americans need to put children on strict diets.
What question would one ask a teen to BEST predict whether that teen has high self-esteem?
Are you attractive?
To find out if a child has high self-esteem, what question would one ask?
Are you succeeding in the areas of life you really care about?
To find out if an elementary school child has high self-esteem, which question might you ask?
Are you succeeding in the areas of life you really care about?
_____ is defined by deficits in theory of mind.
Autism spectrum disorder
Eleven-year-old Frankie tells his best friend Alex his recollection of a bicycle crash he had while riding down a steep hill last summer. Frankie's recollection of this event is an example of a(n)_____ memory.
Autobiographical
Why does self-esteem decline during elementary school?
Children can realistically compare their abilities to their peers.
_____ intelligence rises until late midlife, while _____ intelligence begins to decline after youth.
Crystallized; fluid
A _____ order is put in an impaired person's chart by family members and specifies that the person should NOT be given CPR after a cardiac arrest.
Do Not Resuscitate
Which statement about how personality changes with age is false?
Dramatic personality changes occur about every 5 years.
_____ is well-being defined as having a sense of meaning and life purpose.
Eudaimonic happiness
A "good death" occurs when a person:
has the sense of having lived fully.
Pick the statement that Howard Gardner might make
Let's focus on measuring a child's unique talents and gifts.
Which statement about school is false?
Many children hate going to kindergarten.
_____ devised four identity statuses.
Marcia
Although human average life expectancy has increased, the _____ human lifespan hasn't changed.
Max
The U.S. health-care system that finances much of the nation's nursing home care is:
Medicaid
Which person is LEAST likely to identify himself or herself as middle-aged?
Michelle, a 33-year-old mother of five and small business owner
_____ is the term for any illness that produces serious, progressive, usually irreversible cognitive decline.
Neurocognitive Disorder
Which of the following statements is NOT a criticism of Kübler-Ross's stage theory of dying?
Nobody wants to talk about his or her impending death.
According to the text, what is a benefit of putting off college for a few years?
One is more conscientious, so one is more likely to succeed in college.
Physician-assisted suicide is currently legal in:
Oregon and Washington State
The Big Five personality traits were named by:
Paul Costa and Robert McCrae.
According to _____, life in the Middle Ages was horrid and "wild," death was often "tame."
Philippe Ariès
Pick the primary twentieth century trend in puberty.
Puberty is occurring at younger ages.
What is true about young people who enter the labor force in the United States with just a high school degree?
They can expect to earn about half the wage of those who have a college education with a master's degree.
What is the main reason young adults drop out of college?
They cannot afford to continue their college education.
Which of the following is often a characteristic of maltreated children?
They may be highly aggressive.
Neuroimaging studies suggest theory-of-mind abilities depend upon:
a certain level of frontal lobe development.
Jeremy's mother asks her son where he put his new tractor. Jeremy replies, "The tractor is sleeping." Jeremy is showing signs of _____ and is probably _____.
animism; in preschool
Gay relationships:
are becoming more socially acceptable than in the past.
Abstinence-focused sex education programs in the United States:
are not very effective.
The MOST common chronic age-related illness in the United States is:
arthritis
In the twenty-first century, the traditional stable career is:
atypical
The optimal child-rearing style in which parents rank high on nurturing and discipline is called _____ parenting.
authoritative
Palliative care services in the United States are:
available in some major medical center
In the earliest stage of a major neurocognitive disorder people forget:
basic semantic information such as where they live.
Personality tends to:
be stable through life but may change in the event of a dramatic change
The tendency for a young child to fixate on the most striking visual feature of an item or substance is called:
centering
Which would BEST explain why a preoperational child would be unable to comprehend that cats can be both pets and wild animals?
centering
_____ refers to a child's tendency to fixate on the most striking visual feature of an object and disregard its other features.
centering
With regard to puberty, developmentalists recommend:
changing to K-8 schools or having smaller, more intimate schools for preteens
When women work, they spend less time:
cleaning the house and being with their spouse.
When identity formation fails to occur and one has no sense of an adult path, one experiences role:
confusion
This trait indicates reliability and self-control.
conscientiousness
What temperamental trait is likely to increase as people move into their 20s?
conscientiousness
Prosocial behaviors start to emerge:
early in life.
Characterized by excessive restlessness and distractibility, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is most often diagnosed among _____ with _____ being affected more often.
elementary-school-aged students; boys
The capacity to manage one's feelings is called:
emotion regulation.
Today in Western society, people usually:
encourage people to document their wishes for a dignified death.
Joining a "bad crowd":
encourages at-risk teens to further act out.
"Flow" is MOST apt to happen when one:
engages in intrinsically motivating tasks.
In the memory systems perspective, the three types of memory are procedural, semantic, and:
episodic
One's sense of belonging to an ethnic category is called one's:
ethnic identity.
Working memory _____ during preschool and early elementary school.
expands dramatically
Longitudinal research suggests widowed people:
first turn to family and later reach out to friends for support.
Over the last 100 years IQ test scores have been steadily increasing. This is referred to as the _____ effect.
flynn
Theory of mind usually appears by age:
four
The brain's "master planner," responsible for executive functions such as selective attention, is located in the _____ lobe.
frontal
A close-knit, delinquent peer group is called a:
gang
Erik Erikson stressed the importance of _____ during adolescence.
identity formation
What is the name for Erikson's stage of development lasting from the teens through the twenties?
identity versus role confusion
When is it better for one to divorce than to remain married?
if one is genuinely miserable with one's mate
Many immigrant children do well in school even though they may be attending poor schools and living in poverty with parents who don't speak the language. This is referred to as the _____ paradox
immigrant
Children who live in single-parent mother-headed families are often:
impoverished.
When do most people master learning strategies such as rehearsal and selective attention?
in elementary school
When is a teen MOST likely to take risks?
in emotionally charged situations with friends
Jaden, a nine-year-old child, is extremely fearful of high places, thinking that he may fall at any moment. He also sees himself as a failure at everything he does, even when his performance is reasonably good. Jaden has:
internalizing tendencies.
Statistically speaking, _____ grandparents tend to be heavily involved with their grandchildren.
maternal
The _____ age, or the age at which half the population is younger and half is older, is rapidly rising in the developed world.
median
Before _____ death arrived quickly.
medical science
The dying trajectory refers to:
medical staff's assumptions about the likely pathway to death for a seriously ill patient.
Even when people know they are dying the awareness may NOT fully penetrate. This emotional state is called _____ knowledge.
middle
When three-year-old Edward's dad asked his son what he had done that day, Edward replied, "I sawed two deer outside and goed to see them." These classic language mistakes are called:
overregularization.
Gender-segregated play begins during:
preschool and increases in elementary school.
When asked why Jorge likes his friend Victor, he replies, "Because we both love playing with swords." These boys are probably _____ because they describe their friendship in terms of _____.
preschool children; external qualities
Humans begin to develop an autobiographical memory, which is the sense that they have a personal past history as well as ongoing selves, during:
preschool.
Terminally ill patients view _____ of utmost importance during their final days.
preserving the quality of relationships with loved ones
In developed nations, the path to death is often prolonged and erratic, due to the:
prevalence of extended chronic diseases.
What is the underlying reason peoples' working memories decline with age?
problems with selective attention
Which memory system is preserved the longest, even into Alzheimer's disease?
procedural
Which environmental intervention is helpful in relieving the symptoms of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
regular recess breaks
The BEST strategy for helping stave off the vascular component of a neurocognitive disorder is to:
regularly exercise
A destructive act designed to harm to a person's relationships is called _____ aggression.
relational
Which type of aggression is aimed at harming the victim's friendships and social relationships?
relational aggression
Teens want more information about _____ in sex education classes.
relationships
Which of the following is NOT a predictor for engaging in intercourse at an early age?
religious affiliation
One facet of selective optimization with compensation involves:
relying on external aids to help one cope.
Older and middle-aged women:
report less interest in sex than men
Reggie can ride a bike only if his mom is providing some physical support and coaching. Lev Vygotsky would say that:
riding a bike is within Reggie's zone of proximal development.
Chelsea has noticed that when she and her son go to the public swimming pool, instead of saying, "no in water" when he protests going in, he has begun to say, "Don't put me in the water." Chelsea's son is beginning to master grammar, also known as:
syntax.
Scaffolding involves:
tailoring one's teaching to match a student's competence level.
Autobiographical memory begins to develop at about the same time as:
theory of mind.
The ability to lie is an important cognitive advance and a milepost in the development of:
theory of mind.
Collaborative pretend play depends on children having
theory-of-mind abilities.
The Western media-driven culture which promotes the idea that females need be abnormally skinny is referred to as the _____ ideal.
thin
U.S. adults earn a college degree within six years of starting college at a four-year institution.
three-5
Vocabularies can be expected to continue to grow:
throughout the lifespan.
What is the goal of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program?
to develop a school-wide norm to not tolerate peer abuse
The major difference between active versus passive euthanasia lies in:
acting to help a person die versus letting a person die naturally
McAdams, in his research on exceptionally generative adults, found that which ethnic group was overrepresented?
african american
Candice believes that the elderly should NOT be allowed to drive, that they are unable to care for themselves, and that they are a burden to society. Candice is demonstrating:
agesim
Both anorexia and bulimia involve which of the following?
an obsession with being thin
Which condition or event is a main cause of nursing home admissions in the elderly?
breaking a hip
The core quality essential for relationship success is:
commitment
This is often cited as a main reason for divorce.
communication problem
Which personality trait is important in predicting grade point average?
conscientiousness
Mr. and Mrs. Franklin are taking their son to see a psychiatrist who helps children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Which intervention will the psychiatrist NOT suggest?
exposing the child to difficult processing tasks
Pick the primary environmental cause of hearing impairment in later life.
exposure to noise
Five-year-old Brenda is often loud, rude, aggressive, and disruptive. She probably has _____ tendencies.
externalizing
Arthur has _____ because he tends to act on his immediate emotions and behave aggressively.
externalizing tendencies
Children with _____ act on their immediate emotions and behave aggressively.
externalizing tendencies
Disruptive and aggressive behavior in children may indicate:
externalizing tendencies.
For MOST of human history, death was:
familiar, predictable, and normal
_____ are especially good at helping people cope during early widowhood.
family and religion
Which of the following environmental factors is NOT tied to an earlier onset of puberty?
family size
_____ refers to the grandparent job of monitoring the well-being of younger family members and intervening to provide help in a crisis.
family watchdog
Which of the following does NOT encourage teenage eating disorders?
feeling in control of one's life
Chelsea is 18 years old and has just acquired her driver's license. Despite her mother's warnings, she still acts impulsively when she drives. For example, she always speeds up to "beat" yellow lights, and she changes lanes without looking. Chelsea's impulsivity may be caused by the slow development of her:
frontal lobes.
Three-year-old Henry hits and has temper tantrums every time he does not get his way. The reason that Henry can't regulate and inhibit his responses is because the _____ lobes develop very _____.
frontal; slowly
To physiologically mature, a male's frontal lobes take until he reaches:
his twenties.
George feels that everyone is out to get him. George has a(n):
hostile attributional bias.
According to Erikson, preschoolers face the challenge of:
initiative versus guilt.
Support for the notion of _____ comes from listening to young children monitor their actions.
inner speech
According to Vygotsky, thinking is a form of:
inner speech.
Based on his psychosocial framework, Erikson believed that people who haven't reached _____ have serious regrets about their life and are terrified of death.
integrity
Balancing the needs of the young and the old is referred to as:
intergenerational equity.
Although Tim is 6 years old, he hides behind his mother's legs every time he is in a social situation and frequently looks depressed. Tim may have _____ tendencies.
internalizing
Erikson's adult task, which involves connecting with a partner in a mutual loving relationship, is called:
intimacy.
flow depends on
intrinsic motivation.
According to Holland, the six personality types are:
investigative, artistic, social, entrepreneurial, conventional, and realistic.
If a middle-aged woman is highly educated, she:
is more apt to have high earnings if she was happy and had high self-efficacy as a teenager.
"This test predicts the outcome that the test should measure." This test:
is valid.
Low-income individuals often have trouble marrying because:
it's hard to find a mate with a secure job.
What is the main advantage of a traditional stable career?
job security
Who is MOST likely to be happy after retiring?
joseph, who loves to learn and chose to retire
This is a state that develops when a person feels incapable of affecting the outcome of events and gives up without trying.
learned helplessness
Jason believes he is a failure at everything he does. He is timid, anxious, and does not try, even when he could succeed. Jason has developed:
learned helplessness.
The transparent, disk-shaped structure in the eye which bends to allow one to see close objects is the:
lens
The elderly have:
less fear of death than younger people.
Cyberbullies may feel _____ than bullies who harass others face to face.
less guilt
Compared to thin people, obese people are:
less likely to finish college
Rachel has lined up her dolls from smallest to biggest. Rachel has mastered the Piagetian task called:
seriation.
To rekindle marital romance, spouses might:
share flow states with their partners
Age-based rationing of care suggests that once a person has lived out a natural lifespan:
society shouldn't pay for expensive medical cure-oriented interventions.
The male sign of fertility—an event in boys comparable to menarche in girls—is called:
spermarche
Pick the first sign of puberty in girls.
the growth spurt
Piaget's concept of egocentrism means that young children are:
unable to consider another's point of view.
What is the MOST common sexual result of menopause?
uncomfortable intercourse due to changes in the vagina
Piaget _____ young children's cognitive capabilities.
underestimated
Age-related reaction time losses are _____ and begin _____.
universal; at a fairly young age
Roughly 1 in _____ of those between 25 and 34 without a college education were unemployed in 2013.
10
If Beatrice was the first person in her family to attend high school, she was MOST likely a teenager during the late:
1930's
Children about age _____ can be toilet trained because of frontal lobe development.
3
A typical child is able to catch a ball by about age:
4
In 2012, the rates of obesity were _____ than they were 35 years earlier.
4 times greater
Gaston is 5 years old. Which child would be Gaston's preferred playmate?
5-year-old Paul
Menopause typically occurs at about age _____ and is a result of a(n) _____.
50; decrease in estrogen
Roughly 1 in _____ people in developed nations die without warning.
6
The deinstitutionalization of marriage was an outcome of the:
lifestyle revolution of the 1960s.
Which statement about play in later preschool is true?
In later preschool children prefer playmates of the same sex.
_____ ADL impairments involve difficulty with tasks such as cooking or cleaning; _____ ADL impairments involve trouble with self-care activities such as standing or dressing
Instrumental; basic
_____ is balancing the needs of the young and the old.
Intergenerational equity
Pick the main result of President Roosevelt's Depression-era effort to encourage every young person to attend high school.
It created a generation gap between teens and their parents.
Which of the following statements is true about bulimia?
Its victims often weigh within the normal range.
The German astronomer/mathematician Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) used the planetary tables of Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543). Kepler's work was later used by English mathematician Isaac Newton (1642-1727) in his theories on gravitation. This illustrates the principle that:
humans have the potential to build on previous generation's intellectual advances.
All are examples of blended families EXCEPT for children living:
in traditional two-parent families.
John is seven years old and does NOT like new social situations. Every time he and his mother are in a new situation he stays next to his mother and has even hid behind her. He is demonstrating _____ tendencies.
internalizing
Which fourth grader is the LEAST apt to be the victim of bullying?
kuis, who is friendly and confident
Pretending with objects fully emerges in:
late toddlerhood.
As a brainy elementary school kid, Amanda may become _____ during high school if she attends a large public high school.
less self-confident
Statistically speaking, full-time working women typically earn _____ full-time working men.
less than
Children who experience undernutrition tend to develop:
less-adequate physical skills and abilities compared to well-nourished children.
Jenny says, "Me going car." This sentence has three:
morphemes.
Edelia is hoping to encourage her 8-year-old son Manuel to enjoy reading books of increasing difficulty. She chooses books about subjects she knows her son will enjoy. Then, she tells Manuel exciting details about the book. Vygotsky would say that Edelia has set the framework for the learning task by building _____ for Manuel.
motivation
In early childhood the areas of the brain that show the MOST myelination are the _____ areas.
motor and sensory
Culture can play a role in the development of _____ as evidenced by children in Hong Kong who successfully use chopsticks as toddlers.
motor skills
Often women exit the workforce or work part time because they:
must care for elderly parents.
Eli is 22 years old and has just graduated from college. Nonetheless, some parts of his body have yet to develop fully. One of them is the fatty covering surrounding the axons of neurons known as the:
myelin sheath
The process by which axons become coated with a fatty substance that speeds the transmission of nerve impulses from neuron to neuron is called:
myelination
Alzheimer's disease is currently:
ncurable, but physical exercise may help in prevention.
A color-matching activity is within Cleo's zone of proximal development. In other words, Cleo:
needs direct teaching in order to learn the task.
Which of the following lists all of the Big Five traits?
neuroticism, extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness
In the _____ century people did NOT think that they could do anything to prevent death because they lacked _____.
nineteenth; medical science
Cutting, burning, or purposely injuring one's body to cope with stress is:
nonsuicidal self-injury.
When five-year-old Carlita is in the hospital preparing for a surgery, she pretends she is a princess. This is a(n):
normal response because Carlita is using fantasy play to cope with her fear and stress.
When five-year-old Carla is punished by her mom, she pretends she is a princess. This is a(n):
normal response since she is using fantasy play to cope with stress.
Elise is 3 years old and tells her father that when she grows up, she is going to turn into a man. Elise's confusion about sex and gender is developmentally:
normal.
A Do Not Hospitalize (DNH) order is specific to:
nursing homes
Today, U.S. society expects fathers to be:
nurturers, breadwinners, and good role models.
The top-ranking children's health issue in the developing world is:
obesity
This is the final mate-selection stage according to Murstein's theory.
role phase
Mrs. Taylor gives help to her class when needed and then backs off when a student masters a specific skill. Mrs. Taylor is using a teaching technique called:
scaffolding.
The fact that at each higher rank on the social status ladder people live longer and healthier lives is called the:
socioeconomic health gap.
The idea that the time one has left to live changes one's priorities and social agendas is the basic premise of _____ theory.
socioemotional selectivity
Many elderly people want to "age in place," which means they want to:
stay in their own home.
Which of the following is NOT part of postformal thinking?
sticking to one's guns and never backing down
The initial _____ phase of Murstein's mate selection theory involves viewing a potential partner based on external attributes such as looks and style of dress.
stimulus
In the United States, workers' retirement is financed by everything EXCEPT:
stimulus funds.
Crystallized intelligence refers to one's:
store of accumulated information.
This is G. Stanley Hall's phrase for the intense moodiness, emotional sensitivity, and risk-taking tendencies that characterize adolescence.
storm and street
High-quality parenting is especially vital with:
temperamentally at-risk children.
The marked decline in intelligence quotient (IQ) shortly before older people either die or become seriously ill is called:
terminal drop.
Twelve-year-old Sam has begun to develop facial hair and acne. His twin sister Stacey is developing underarm hair and acne. What hormone is responsible for these changes?
testosterone for both Sam and Stacey
The cerebral cortex takes until _____ to physiologically mature.
the 20s