PSY chapter 6

Theorists taking an interactionist approach to language acquisition

agree that the brain is hardwired to acquire language.

A ________Blank is a meaningful grouping of stimuli that can be stored as a unit in short-term memory.

chunk

In ________Blank interference, information learned earlier disrupts the recall of information learned more recently; in ________Blank interference, recently learned information disrupts the recall of information learned earlier.

proactive; retroactive

Knowing how to serve a badminton birdie is an example of ________Blank memory.

procedural

________Blank is the process by which information is used to draw conclusions and make decisions.

reasoning

________Blank is a memory task in which individuals are presented with a stimulus and asked whether they have been exposed to it in the past or to identify it from a list of alternatives.

recognition

In ________Blank problems, the nature of the problem and the information needed to solve it are clear. In ________Blank problems, the nature of the problem and the information required to solve it are unclear.

well-defined; ill-defined

Which of the following best encapsulates autobiographical memory?

Autobiographical memory is just as inaccurate as other types of memory. Certain details of one's life are recalled more easily than other details.

Which of the following terms is correctly matched with its description?

Decay—The loss of information in memory through its nonuse

Which of the following statements accurately captures the relationship among the modules of long-term memory? A Episodic and semantic memory are both components of procedural memory. B Episodic and semantic memory are both components of declarative memory. C Declarative and semantic memory are both components of episodic memory. D Declarative and semantic memory are both components of procedural memory.

Episodic and semantic memory are both components of declarative memory.

repetition of information that has entered short-term memory.

Rehearsal

Heuristics can be used in instances where algorithms are not available. T or F

True

A rule that guarantees the solution to a problem when it is correctly applied is termed a(n)

algorithm.

Lori and Monica are looking at the cans of coffee on display at a local supermarket. They are trying to decide which of two differently sized cans will be the better buy. Lori attempts to divide the price of each can by the number of ounces of coffee each can contains. Monica suggests that the larger size is usually the better buy. Lori is using a(n) ________Blank, whereas Monica is using a(n) ________Blank.

algorithm; heuristic

________Blank rehearsal occurs when information is considered and organized in some fashion.

elaborative

Julia is puzzled over a fill-in-the-blank question in her sociology test paper. Julia must make use of her ________Blank memory to recollect the correct answer.

explicit

A political science professor attempts to facilitate her students' completion of a term paper assignment by requiring to first submit a topic statement, then a list of references, then a draft of the introduction, and then finally the completed paper. The professor is encouraging her students to use the problem-solving strategy of

forming subgoals.

The theory suggesting that humans are genetically prewired to learn language at certain times and in particular ways is known as the ________Blankapproach to language development.

nativist

When answering such questions as "Who was your date to the junior prom?" or "Which costume did you wear last Halloween?" you are relying most explicitly on the memory process of

retrieval

Almost everybody has had the feeling of knowing the answer to a question but not being quite able to say it. This is called the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon and is a failure to

retrieve information.