PSY Chapter 7

Bernadette has difficulty spelling words correctly while writing and mixes up letters within words and sentences. Which learning disability does she have?

Dyslexia

What is the Flynn effect?

The rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the decades in many nations

The analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to:

analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast

___________ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics that are always exhibited, such as what defines different basic shapes.

artificial

Why are event schemata difficult to change? They are _______.

automatic.

___________ are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences.

concepts

____________ intelligence is marked by inventing or imagining a solution to a problem or situation

creative

___________ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory.

cognition

Carmela believes her assistant, Lian, is incompetent. She notices only what Lian does wrong while ignoring the above average quality of most of her work. This exemplifies __________ bias.

confirmation

Kai cuts her foot while hiking. She forgot to pack bandages, but she has a tube of superglue and uses that to seal the wound. Kai's ability to invent a solution uses the _________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

creative

Children who live in poverty perform worse on intelligence tests because they

experience more pervasive daily stress, which affects how the brain functions and develops, thus causing a dip in IQ scores

Jake is sympathetic and considerate of his friends' moods. He really identifies with their feelings and readily understands their point of view. He is well-known around campus, and he has great relationships with his classmates and professors. Which area of intelligence does this exemplify?

interpersonal

Which term refers to the vocabulary of a language?

lexicon

Reth is known for his ability and interest in writing. He won an award for his short story, "A Bear in the Woods," and was named Young Poet of the Year at his high school. He is currently working on a book titled, When Harry Potter Attacks. This exemplifies _________ intelligence.

linguistic

Nima excels at working with numbers in subjects such as calculus and algebra. This exemplifies __________ intelligence.

logical-mathematical

What impact did Genie's early isolation have on her ability to acquire language? She never developed a(an)__________________

mastery of the grammatical aspects of language

A(an) _________ involves approaching a problem in a way that has worked in the past, but it is clearly no longer working.

mental set

Which of the following is an example of an abstract, complex concept?

patriotism

A(an) ________ is a basic sound unit of a given language.

phoneme

A(an) ________ is the best example, or representation, of a concept.

prototype

Anwar dresses for a cold fall day and steps outside to find it sunny and hot. He goes back inside to change out of his sweater and jeans into a shirt and shorts. Anwar is demonstrating the __________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

Practical

Mel is an adult who can take care of his basic needs, but he requires oversight while he paints and someone to check on his living conditions daily. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Mel?

Severe

After the first few months of life, babies enter what is known as the __________ stage, during which time they tend to produce single syllables, such as buh-buh, that are repeated over and over.

babling

Tasks that require you to compare, contrast, or evaluate are using the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

analytical

Natural concepts are mental groupings created naturally through our:

experiences

Schemata are a(an) ________________

method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently

Emily is an adult with a 4th-grade skill level in reading, writing, and math. Her doctor suggests there is no reason she can't find a job and live independently. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Emily?

mild

Which of the following is not one of the four subtypes of intellectual disability?

modest

A _________ is the smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning.

morpheme

Aram is proficient in playing a number of instruments and can easily learn new songs and rhythms. This exemplifies ______________ intelligence.

musical

An anchoring bias occurs when you focus on:

one piece of information when making a decision or solving a problem

Damara meets a nurse. She immediately assumes he is able to help care for sick people, works long hours, and dispenses advice about illness because her _________ schema suggests that nurses behave this way.

role

Mikel can look at an engineering plan and quickly build a scale model. This exemplifies _______intelligence.

spatial

Who developed the triarchic theory of intelligence?

sternberg

From a psychological perspective, the term cognition means

thinking

Sensations and information are received by our brains, filtered through emotions and memories, and processed to become _______________.

thoughts

What do the concepts of representational bias, anchoring bias, and hindsight bias all have in common?

· All the concepts are examples of mental set

Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for?

· Functional fixedness

What is confirmation bias?

· focusing on information that confirms your existing beliefs

What was the most controversial claim in Arthur Jensen's article, "How Much Can We Boost I.Q. and Achievement?"

· level II intelligence is most prevalent among asains, followed by caucasians, then african americans