Psy Test Review
true or false: wilhelm wundt was the founder of psychology in the united states.
false
who coined the term psychophysics?
fechner
____ psychology combines psychology and the legal and criminal justice systems.
forensic
a ____ psychologist makes legal evaluations of a person's mental competency to stand trial, the state of mind of a defendant at the time of a crime, the fitness of a parent to have custody of a child, or allegations of child abuse.
forensic
I am a psychologist who makes legal evaluations of a person's mental competency to stand trial, the state of mind of a defendant at the time of a crime, the fitness of a parent to have custody of a child, or allegations of child abuse. who am I?
forensic psychologist
the branch of psychology that combines psychology and the legal and criminal justice systems is called ____
forensic psychology
a psychologist who studies how the mind works by recording brain activity while a student studies for a test is a ____
behavioral neuroscientist
which of the following perspectives would indicate that behaviors are learned through association and/or the consequences of a behavior?
behaviorism
Study of the relationship between bodily systems and chemicals and how they influence behavior and thought is called
biological psychology
study of the relationship between bodily systems and chemicals and how they influence behavior and thought is called
biological psychology
tabula rasa means _____ slate.
blank
this psychologist opened the first experimental psychology laboratory in the united states, founded the american psychological association (apa), and started the first psychological journal. He was also a student of william james.
hall
who was the founder and first president of the american psychological association (apa)?
hall
a ____ psychologist might study how best to treat schizophrenia.
clinical
If you think you might have a psychological disorder such as bipolar disorder, you would likely see a ____ psychologist; whereas if you are having difficulty adjusting to a new school you would see a ____ psychologist.
clinical; counseling
I am a psychologist who uses personality and social psychology information to select personnel for certain jobs. who am I?
i/o psychologist
the ____ approach examines how we think about ourselves, other people, and the world, as well as how we solve problems and form memories.
cognitive
which approach can best be summed up by the phrase "what we do is shaped by how we think and perceive the world"?
cognitive
what type of therapy focuses on changing a person's maladaptive thought and behavior patterns by discussion and rewarding more appropriate ways of thinking and behaving?
cognitive-behavioral
a(n) _____ psychologist would most likely be interested in talking to a college student that is having issues adjusting to life changes such as going to college.
counseling
which psychiatrist was the first to distinguish thought disorders (schizophrenia) from the mood disorders of melancholia (depression) and manic depression (bipolar disorder)?
kraepelin
who was the first female president of the american psychological association?
mary whiton calkins
"nature through ____" is the position that the environment - be it the womb or the home or the entire world - constantly interacts with biology to shape who we are and what we do.
nurture
____ is our life experiences or how we are taken care of; whereas ____ is our innate abilities, or attributes that we are born with according to this commonly debated theory.
nurture; nature
____ operates when members of the opposite sex find certain traits attractive/appealing, and therefore, over long periods of time, these traits become more common in the population.
sexual selection
Medicine men or women who treat the possessed by coaxing and driving out the demons with elaborate rituals, such as exorcisms, incantations, and prayers are called ____
shamans
Medicine men or women who treat the possessed by coaxing and driving out the demons with elaborate rituals, such as exorcisms, incantations, and prayers are called ____.
shamans
____ psychology is the study of how living among others influences thought, feeling, and behavior.
social
____ is the study of how living among others influences thought, feeling, and behavior.
social psychology
which approach is mainly concerned with the impact of the immediate and larger environments on a person's personality?
sociocultural/cross-cultural
which type of psychologist would most likely agree that one can't understand a person without understanding the place and context in which they grew up?
sociocultural/cross-cultural
____ psychology studies psychological factors in sports and exercise.
sport
____ psychology is the study of psychological factors in sports and exercise.
sports
I am a psychologist who focuses on improving and increasing athletic performance through techniques such as relaxation and visualization. who am I?
sports psychologist
the behavioral perspective _____.
suggests that observable, measurable behavior should be the focus of study
The Latin term for blank slate is ____
tabula rasa
industrial/organizational psychology is
the application of psychological concepts to work settings
a neuroscientist would be most interested in learning about the effects of _____ on behavior
the brain
which of the following would be a topic of interest for a biological psychologist?
the effect of stress and hormones on behavior
which of the following is an important idea in both psychology and philosophy?
the mind receives what the sensory organs take in.
A ____ psychologist might study how best to treat schizophrenia.
clinical
The first ancient cultures that focused on natural and physiological explanations for psychological disorders were ____
-egyptians -greeks
sports psychology is the study of psychological factors in _____
-exercise -sport
clinical psychologists:
-research ways to treat mental disorders. -promote psychological health.
what are some of the reasons trephination is believed to have been performed? select all that apply.
-to release spirits or demons possessing a person -to heal a brain injury
What would a social psychologist most likely be interested in when studying romantic relationships?
The content of conversations between partners
What would a health psychologist most likely be interested in when studying romantic relationships?
The incidence of sexually transmitted infections
____ were facilities for treating the mentally ill that existed in Europe during the middle ages.
asylums
people who were mentally ill in europe during the middle ages were sent to ____.
asylums.
a counseling psychologist is most likely to help people
adjust to new situations
a social psychologist might study how people
behave differently when they are alone than when they are with others
which psychologist was a student of james, taught at wellesley college and conducted research in the area of dreaming, attention, and self-image?
calkins
developmental psychologists are interested in age-related changes in behavior from conception until ____
death
during the middle ages and renaissance, psychological disorders were deemed to be the result of _____.
demon possession
according to the neuropsychological-behavioral genetic approach, what is the reason for why people have different traits and ways of thinking?
differences in brain structure and biochemistry
The diagnostic and statistical manual used by clinicians to diagnose and classify mental disorders is also called the ____
dsm-5
the most modern resource used for classifying and diagnosing psychological disorders is called ____.
dsm-5
____ psychology studies how students learn, the effectiveness of particular teaching techniques, the social psychology of schools, the psychology of teaching.
educational
_____ psychologists study more effective ways for teachers to teach and students to learn.
educational
psychology is the study of how students learn, the effectiveness of particular teaching techniques, the social psychology of schools, and the psychology of teaching.
educational
the study of how students learn, the effectiveness of particular teaching techniques, the social psychology of schools, and the psychology of teaching is called
educational psychology.
The term ____ is a philosophical point of view that describes all knowledge and thoughts as coming from experience.
empiricism
change over time in the frequency with which specific genes occur within a breeding species is called ____.
evolution
the _____ perspective proposes that human thought, behavior, and personality have been shaped by natural and sexual selection over millions of years
evolutionary
which psychological perspective most strongly emphasizes the interaction of nature and nurture in explaining what we think, feel, and do?
evolutionary
unlike clinical psychologists, counseling psychologists help people who are
having difficulty adjusting to new circumstances.
what role did ernst weber play in the development of psychophysics?
he did some of the first research in perception.
____ psychology examines the role of psychological processes in physical illness and well-being. Counseling
health
a psychologist who helps people deal with the long term effects of diabetes is likely to be a(n)
health psychologist
which psychologist made key contributions to the study of memory, physiology, and color vision?
helmholtz
which psychologist was the first to calculate the speed of a nerve impulse at about 90 feet per second?
helmholtz
____ and positive psychologists emphasize the drive toward meaning, growth, and examine the idea that positive emotions foster psychological health and prosocial behavior.
humanist
what is the branch of psychology that applies psychological concepts and questions to work settings and problems?
industrial/organizational
I/O psychology
is the application of psychological concepts and questions to work settings.
william ____ was the founder of psychology in the United States.
james
which of the following terms best describes empiricism?
knowledge comes from experience.
the psychiatrist who collected data on various kinds of psychological disorders and began developing a classification system was ____
kraepelin
Treatment for the mentally ill that states that care should be with dignity and in a caring environment is referred to as ________ treatment
moral
In 18th and 19th century Europe, people with mental illness were sent to a relaxing place where patients were treated with respect. This approach was called ___.
moral treatment
which of the following was NOT a development of clinical psychology to emerge in the mid-20th century?
moral treatment
____ ____ is a feedback process whereby nature favors one design over another because it has an impact on reproduction.
natural; selection
the position that the environment--be it the womb or the home or the entire world--constantly interacts with biology to shape who we are and what we do is called ____
nature through nurture.
for millennia thinkers have argued over what determines our personalities--innate biology or life experience. this is the essence of what debate?
nature vs. nurture
according to the neuropsychological-behavioral genetic approach, behavior, thoughts, feelings, and personality are influenced by differences in basic genetic, epigenetic, and ____ systems between individuals.
neurological
_____ psychology is the study of what makes people unique and the consistencies in people's behavior across time and situations.
personality
psychology examines the traits that differentiate you from somebody else
personality
darwin believed that natural selection determined our physical traits. evolutionary psychologists believe that natural selection determines our _______.
personality traits
_____ do not collect data to test their ideas unlike _____ who make use of the scientific method.
philosophers; psychologists
what would a neuroscientist most likely be interested in when studying romantic relationships?
physiological changes that occur when kissing
_____ psychology is similar to humanistic psychology in that both share a belief that the focus should be on studying, understanding, and promoting healthy and positive psychological functioning.
positive
____ assumes that our experiences during childhood are a powerful force in the development of the adult personality.
psychoanalysis
____ is the theoretical position that assumes that people use psychological defenses to protect themselves against threatening impulses, thoughts, and feelings
psychoanalysis
the psychodynamic perspective draws on freud's method of "talk therapy" that he named ____.
psychoanalysis
which approach, which began with freud, sees the unconscious mid and motives as more powerful than conscious awareness?
psychoanalytic-psychodynamic
_____ was the first scientific form of psychology. it included laboratory studies of the subjective experience of physical sensations.
psychophysics
in what way did the ancient chinese exemplify the move toward natural and physiological explanations for psychological disorders?
they made connections between a person's bodily organs and emotions.
____ was a practice employed by prehistoric shamans and which involved drilling a small hole in a person's skull, usually less than an inch in diameter. It is the oldest of all known surgical procedures.
trepanation
true or false: A psychologist studying the relationship between emotional trauma and heart disease is LIKELY a health psychologist.
true
who established the first laboratory in leipzig, germany devoted to psychological research?
wilhem wundt
the inquisition was an attempt by the catholic church to identify and eliminate what?
witches