Psy101 Unit 5 ch 9

Classify the following needs and motives by putting the correct letter in the blank A. Biological motive B. Stimulus motive C. Learned Motive 1. Curiousity 2. Status 3. Sleep 4. Thirst 5. Achievement 6. Physical contact

1. Stimulus 2. Learned 3. Biological 4. Biological 5. Learned 6. Stimulus

Alexithymia

A learned difficulty expressing emotions; more common in men

Amygdala

A part of the limbic system that produces fear response

Homeostasis

A steady state of body equilibrium

Yerk's Dodson law (arousal theory)

A summary of the relationships among arousal, task complexity and performance.

Which three dimensions of emotion are communicated by facial expression? A. Pleasantness-unpleasantness B. Complexity C. Curiosity-disinterest D. Anger E. Attention-Rejection F. Activation

A, E, and F

Hierarchy of human needs

Abraham Maslow's ordering of needs, based on their presumed strength or potency

Basic emotions

According to Robert Plutchik's theory, the most fundamental emotions are fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, anger, anticipation, joy, and acceptance.

Sexual script

An unspoken mental plan that defines a "plot," dialogue, and actions expected to take place in a sexual encounter.

Reaponse

Any action, glandular activity, or other identifiable behavior

Androgen

Any of a number of male sex hormones, especially testosterone

Two key elements of test anxiety that must be controlled at _____________________ and _________________.

Arousal, worry

Emotional arousal is closely related to activity of the _________ nervous system.

Autonomic

Many of the psychological changes associated with emotion are caused by secretion of A. Atropine B. Adrenaline C. Attributine D. Insulin

B. Adrenaline

Which of the following is NOT an element of emotional intelligence? A. Empathy B. Self-control C. Self-centerdness D. Self-awareness

C. Self-centerdness

People high in nAch show high levels of perseverance, passion, and ___________. A. Control B. Intelligence C. Self-confidence D. Sensation seeking

C. Self-confidence

Lost the four phases of sexual response identified by Masters and Johnson

Excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

Emotional ________ often communicate a person's emotional state to others.

Expressions

Thirsty my be either intracellular or ________________.

Extracellular

According to Maslow, meta-needs are the most basic and prepotent sources of human motivation. T or F?

False

According to the James-Lange theory, emotional experience precedes physical arousal and emotional behavior. T or F?

False

Awe, remorse, and disappointment are among the basic emotions listed by Robert Plutchik. T or F?

False

In addition to burning calories, physical exercise can lower the body's set point for fat. T or F?

False

People who diet frequently tend to benefit from practice: they lose weight more quickly each time they diet. T or F?

False

People who rate high in emotional intelligence tend to be highly aware of their own feelings and unaware of emotions experienced by others. T or F?

False

Positive emotions may be pleasant, but they tend to narrow our focus of attention and limit the range of possible actions we are likely to consider. T or F?

False

Sexual behavior in animals is largely controlled by estrogen levels in the female and the occurrence of estrus in the male. T or F?

False

The hunger satiety system in the hypothalamus signals the body to start eating when it receives signals from the liver or detects changes in blood sugar. T or F?

False

The sympathetic system prepares the body for "fight or flight" by activating the parasympathetic system. T or F?

False

What body changes are measured by a polygraph?

Heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, galvanic skin response

Meta-needs

In Maslow's hierarchy, needs associated with impulses for self-actualization

growth needs

In Maslow's hierarchy, the higher-level needs associated with self-actualization

Motives _________, sustain, _______, and terminate activities.

Initiate, direct

A formal term for "body language" is _______

Kinesics

Learned motives

Motives based on learned needs, drives, and goals

Sexual orientation

One's degree of emotional and erotic attraction to members of the same sex, opposite sexes, or neither sex

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion says that physical arousal and emotional experience occur

Simultaneously

Schachter's cognitive theory

States that emotions occur when physical spousal is labeled or interpreted on the basis of experience and situational cues

Exploration, manipulation, and curiosity provide evidence for the existence of __________ motives.

Stimulus

Resolution

The fourth phase of sexual response, involving a return of lower levels of sexual tension and arousal

Attribution

The mental process of assigning causes to events. In emotion, the process of attributing arousal to a particular source.

Drive

The psychological expression of internal needs or valued goals. For example, hunger, thirst, or a drive for success.

According to Schachter's cognitive theory, physical arousal must be labeled or interpreted for an emotional experience to occur. T or F?

True

Bulimia nervosa is also known as the binge-purge syndrome. T or F?

True

Charles Darwin held that emotional expressions aid survival for animals. T or F?

True

Sensation seekers tend to be extroverted, individuals, and independents who value change. T or F?

True

Using the information imparted by emotional reactions can enhance thinking and decision making. T or F?

True

polygraph

a device for recording heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and galvanic skin response; commonly called a "lie detector"

Episodic drive

a drive, like pain, that occurs in distinct episodes

Mood

a low-intensity, long-lasting emotional state

sympathetic branch

a part of the ANS that activates the body at times of stress

Parasympathetic branch

a part of the autonomic system that quiets the body and conserves energy

Hypothalamus

a small area at the base of the brain that regulates many aspects of motivation and emotion, especially hunger, thirst, and sexual behavior

Emotion

a state characterized by physiological arousal, changes in facial expression, gestures, posture, and subjective feelings

Adaptive behaviors

actions that aid attempts to survive and adapt to changing conditions

anorexia nervosa

active self-starvation or a sustained loss of appetite that has psychological origins

Physiological changes (in emotion)

alterations in heart rate, blood pressure, perspiration, and other involuntary responses

Need

an internal deficiency that may energize behavior

Estrogen

any of a number of female sex hormones

erogenous zones

areas of the body that produce pleasure and/or provoke erotic desire

Arousal theory

assumes that people prefer to maintain ideal, or comfortable, levels of arousal

Estrus

changes in the sexual drives of animals that create a desire for mating; particularly used to refer to females in heat

circadian rhythm

cyclical changes in body functions and arousal levels that vary on a schedule approximating 24-hour day

Pain avoidance is (an) _________ drive.

episodic

emotional appraisal

evaluating the personal meaning of a stimulus or situation

Parasympathetic rebound

excess activity in the parasympathetic nervous system following a period of intense emotion

bulimia nervosa

excessive eating (gorging) usually followed by self-induced vomiting and/or taking laxatives

Test anxiety

high levels of arousal and worry that seriously impair test performance

Biological motives

innate motives based on biological needs

Stimulus motives

innate needs for stimulation and information

Motivation

internal processes that initiate, sustain, direct, and terminate activities

social motives

learned motives acquired as part of growing up in a particular society or culture

extrinsic motivation

motivation based on obvious external rewards, obligations, or similar factors

Intrinsic motivation

motivation that comes from within, rather than from external rewards; motivation based on personal enjoyment of a task or activity

emotional expression

outward signs that an emotion is occurring

guilty knowledge test

polygraph procedure involving testing people with knowledge only a guilty person could know

Needs provide the ________ of motivation, whereas incentives provide the ________.

push and pull

Cannon-Bard Theory

states that activity in the thalamus causes emotional feelings and bodily arousal to occur simultaneously

James-Lange Theory

states that emotional feelings follow bodily arousal and come from awareness of such arousal

facial feedback hypothesis

states that sensations from facial expressions help define what emotion a person feels

Kinesics

study of the meaning of body movements, posture, hand gestures, and facial expressions; commonly called body language

emotional intelligence

the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

need for achievement (nAch)

the desire to excel or meet some internalized standard of excellence

Need for power

the desire to have social impact and control over others

Basic needs

the first four levels of needs in Maslow's hierarchy; lower needs tend to be more potent than higher needs

Excitement phase

the first phase of the sexual response cycle during which there are increases in heart rate blood pressure and respiration

Emotional feelings

the private, subjective experience of having an emotion

Set point (for fat)

the proportion of body fat that tends to be maintained by changes in hunger and eating

Plateau phase

the second phase of the sexual response cycle, during which physical arousal continues to increase as the partners bodies prepare for orgasm

Sex drive

the strength of one's motivation to engage in sexual behavior

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

the system of nerves that connects the brain with the internal organs and glands

Goal

the target or objective of motivated behavior

Incentive value

the value of a goal above and beyond its ability to fill a need

Orgasm

third phase of the sexual response cycle, in which muscle contractions all over the body are accompanied by further increases in breathing, pulse, and blood pressure rates; facilitates conception

extracellular thirst

thirst caused by a reduction in the volume of fluids found between body cells

Intercellular thirst

thirst triggered when fluid is drawn out of cells due to an increased concentration of salts and minerals outside the cell

behavioral dieting

weight reduction based on changing exercise and eating habits, rather than temporary self-starvation