Psy101 Unit 5 ch 9
Classify the following needs and motives by putting the correct letter in the blank A. Biological motive B. Stimulus motive C. Learned Motive 1. Curiousity 2. Status 3. Sleep 4. Thirst 5. Achievement 6. Physical contact
1. Stimulus 2. Learned 3. Biological 4. Biological 5. Learned 6. Stimulus
Alexithymia
A learned difficulty expressing emotions; more common in men
Amygdala
A part of the limbic system that produces fear response
Homeostasis
A steady state of body equilibrium
Yerk's Dodson law (arousal theory)
A summary of the relationships among arousal, task complexity and performance.
Which three dimensions of emotion are communicated by facial expression? A. Pleasantness-unpleasantness B. Complexity C. Curiosity-disinterest D. Anger E. Attention-Rejection F. Activation
A, E, and F
Hierarchy of human needs
Abraham Maslow's ordering of needs, based on their presumed strength or potency
Basic emotions
According to Robert Plutchik's theory, the most fundamental emotions are fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, anger, anticipation, joy, and acceptance.
Sexual script
An unspoken mental plan that defines a "plot," dialogue, and actions expected to take place in a sexual encounter.
Reaponse
Any action, glandular activity, or other identifiable behavior
Androgen
Any of a number of male sex hormones, especially testosterone
Two key elements of test anxiety that must be controlled at _____________________ and _________________.
Arousal, worry
Emotional arousal is closely related to activity of the _________ nervous system.
Autonomic
Many of the psychological changes associated with emotion are caused by secretion of A. Atropine B. Adrenaline C. Attributine D. Insulin
B. Adrenaline
Which of the following is NOT an element of emotional intelligence? A. Empathy B. Self-control C. Self-centerdness D. Self-awareness
C. Self-centerdness
People high in nAch show high levels of perseverance, passion, and ___________. A. Control B. Intelligence C. Self-confidence D. Sensation seeking
C. Self-confidence
Lost the four phases of sexual response identified by Masters and Johnson
Excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
Emotional ________ often communicate a person's emotional state to others.
Expressions
Thirsty my be either intracellular or ________________.
Extracellular
According to Maslow, meta-needs are the most basic and prepotent sources of human motivation. T or F?
False
According to the James-Lange theory, emotional experience precedes physical arousal and emotional behavior. T or F?
False
Awe, remorse, and disappointment are among the basic emotions listed by Robert Plutchik. T or F?
False
In addition to burning calories, physical exercise can lower the body's set point for fat. T or F?
False
People who diet frequently tend to benefit from practice: they lose weight more quickly each time they diet. T or F?
False
People who rate high in emotional intelligence tend to be highly aware of their own feelings and unaware of emotions experienced by others. T or F?
False
Positive emotions may be pleasant, but they tend to narrow our focus of attention and limit the range of possible actions we are likely to consider. T or F?
False
Sexual behavior in animals is largely controlled by estrogen levels in the female and the occurrence of estrus in the male. T or F?
False
The hunger satiety system in the hypothalamus signals the body to start eating when it receives signals from the liver or detects changes in blood sugar. T or F?
False
The sympathetic system prepares the body for "fight or flight" by activating the parasympathetic system. T or F?
False
What body changes are measured by a polygraph?
Heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, galvanic skin response
Meta-needs
In Maslow's hierarchy, needs associated with impulses for self-actualization
growth needs
In Maslow's hierarchy, the higher-level needs associated with self-actualization
Motives _________, sustain, _______, and terminate activities.
Initiate, direct
A formal term for "body language" is _______
Kinesics
Learned motives
Motives based on learned needs, drives, and goals
Sexual orientation
One's degree of emotional and erotic attraction to members of the same sex, opposite sexes, or neither sex
The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion says that physical arousal and emotional experience occur
Simultaneously
Schachter's cognitive theory
States that emotions occur when physical spousal is labeled or interpreted on the basis of experience and situational cues
Exploration, manipulation, and curiosity provide evidence for the existence of __________ motives.
Stimulus
Resolution
The fourth phase of sexual response, involving a return of lower levels of sexual tension and arousal
Attribution
The mental process of assigning causes to events. In emotion, the process of attributing arousal to a particular source.
Drive
The psychological expression of internal needs or valued goals. For example, hunger, thirst, or a drive for success.
According to Schachter's cognitive theory, physical arousal must be labeled or interpreted for an emotional experience to occur. T or F?
True
Bulimia nervosa is also known as the binge-purge syndrome. T or F?
True
Charles Darwin held that emotional expressions aid survival for animals. T or F?
True
Sensation seekers tend to be extroverted, individuals, and independents who value change. T or F?
True
Using the information imparted by emotional reactions can enhance thinking and decision making. T or F?
True
polygraph
a device for recording heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and galvanic skin response; commonly called a "lie detector"
Episodic drive
a drive, like pain, that occurs in distinct episodes
Mood
a low-intensity, long-lasting emotional state
sympathetic branch
a part of the ANS that activates the body at times of stress
Parasympathetic branch
a part of the autonomic system that quiets the body and conserves energy
Hypothalamus
a small area at the base of the brain that regulates many aspects of motivation and emotion, especially hunger, thirst, and sexual behavior
Emotion
a state characterized by physiological arousal, changes in facial expression, gestures, posture, and subjective feelings
Adaptive behaviors
actions that aid attempts to survive and adapt to changing conditions
anorexia nervosa
active self-starvation or a sustained loss of appetite that has psychological origins
Physiological changes (in emotion)
alterations in heart rate, blood pressure, perspiration, and other involuntary responses
Need
an internal deficiency that may energize behavior
Estrogen
any of a number of female sex hormones
erogenous zones
areas of the body that produce pleasure and/or provoke erotic desire
Arousal theory
assumes that people prefer to maintain ideal, or comfortable, levels of arousal
Estrus
changes in the sexual drives of animals that create a desire for mating; particularly used to refer to females in heat
circadian rhythm
cyclical changes in body functions and arousal levels that vary on a schedule approximating 24-hour day
Pain avoidance is (an) _________ drive.
episodic
emotional appraisal
evaluating the personal meaning of a stimulus or situation
Parasympathetic rebound
excess activity in the parasympathetic nervous system following a period of intense emotion
bulimia nervosa
excessive eating (gorging) usually followed by self-induced vomiting and/or taking laxatives
Test anxiety
high levels of arousal and worry that seriously impair test performance
Biological motives
innate motives based on biological needs
Stimulus motives
innate needs for stimulation and information
Motivation
internal processes that initiate, sustain, direct, and terminate activities
social motives
learned motives acquired as part of growing up in a particular society or culture
extrinsic motivation
motivation based on obvious external rewards, obligations, or similar factors
Intrinsic motivation
motivation that comes from within, rather than from external rewards; motivation based on personal enjoyment of a task or activity
emotional expression
outward signs that an emotion is occurring
guilty knowledge test
polygraph procedure involving testing people with knowledge only a guilty person could know
Needs provide the ________ of motivation, whereas incentives provide the ________.
push and pull
Cannon-Bard Theory
states that activity in the thalamus causes emotional feelings and bodily arousal to occur simultaneously
James-Lange Theory
states that emotional feelings follow bodily arousal and come from awareness of such arousal
facial feedback hypothesis
states that sensations from facial expressions help define what emotion a person feels
Kinesics
study of the meaning of body movements, posture, hand gestures, and facial expressions; commonly called body language
emotional intelligence
the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
need for achievement (nAch)
the desire to excel or meet some internalized standard of excellence
Need for power
the desire to have social impact and control over others
Basic needs
the first four levels of needs in Maslow's hierarchy; lower needs tend to be more potent than higher needs
Excitement phase
the first phase of the sexual response cycle during which there are increases in heart rate blood pressure and respiration
Emotional feelings
the private, subjective experience of having an emotion
Set point (for fat)
the proportion of body fat that tends to be maintained by changes in hunger and eating
Plateau phase
the second phase of the sexual response cycle, during which physical arousal continues to increase as the partners bodies prepare for orgasm
Sex drive
the strength of one's motivation to engage in sexual behavior
autonomic nervous system (ANS)
the system of nerves that connects the brain with the internal organs and glands
Goal
the target or objective of motivated behavior
Incentive value
the value of a goal above and beyond its ability to fill a need
Orgasm
third phase of the sexual response cycle, in which muscle contractions all over the body are accompanied by further increases in breathing, pulse, and blood pressure rates; facilitates conception
extracellular thirst
thirst caused by a reduction in the volume of fluids found between body cells
Intercellular thirst
thirst triggered when fluid is drawn out of cells due to an increased concentration of salts and minerals outside the cell
behavioral dieting
weight reduction based on changing exercise and eating habits, rather than temporary self-starvation