psyc 1101 LearningCurve 8a

A(n) _____ is MOST likely the prototype for the concept "fruit."

apple

As cognitive psychologists define it, a concept is a(n):

category

A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, and people is called a _____.

concept

Myra has such low self-esteem that she often listens for critical comments that others make about her appearance and personality. Myra's behavior BEST illustrates the dangers of:

confirmation

_____ thinking involves narrowing available problem solutions to the single best solution.

convergent

Researchers studying chimpanzees in the wild report that they have found at least 39 customs that are specific to local chimpanzee groups. Differences in tool use, grooming, and courtship rituals can be accounted for by:

cultural diversity

When someone mentions that she saw a bird outside a window, DeJuan immediately thinks of a robin. A robin is an example of a(n) _____.

prototype

Shelia says things like "me go," "mama bye," and "dada go." She is in the _____ stage.

two word

Carlos has a psychology exam in a week. Carlos spent five minutes each day imagining himself studying effectively: reading the chapters, going over notes, eliminating distractions, and declining an offer to go out. The visual imagery Carlos is using is called _____.

process simulation

When someone mentions hamburgers, Trisha immediately thinks of a Big Mac. In this instance, a Big Mac is a(n): Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

prototype

The formula "two parts oil to one part vinegar" is guaranteed to yield decent oil-and-vinegar salad dressing. In problem-solving terms, this recipe is a(n):

algorithm

Social media sites are sometimes described as "echo chambers," or environments in which people rarely encounter beliefs contradicting their own, thereby reinforcing their existing views and preventing their consideration of alternative views. Social media sites may therefore encourage:

confirmation bias

Ground beef that is described as "75 percent lean" seems much more appealing than beef that is "25 percent fat." This is an example of the _____ effect.

framing

Most adults are more likely to choose a birth control method that is said to have a 95 percent success rate than one that is said to have a 5 percent failure rate. This BEST illustrates the impact of:

framing

Fourteen-year-old Francisco enjoys playing the piano and never needs prompting from his parents to practice. He writes music and plays the piano several times a day. He tells his parents that he plays because he enjoys creating music. Francisco plays the piano because of _____ motivation.

intrinsic

After she suffered a stroke, Mrs. Estrada had so much difficulty speaking that she had to communicate by writing. This suggests that her brain damage occurred in _____ area in the left hemisphere.

Broca's

Joel suffered a head injury after crashing his motorcycle. When he awoke from a two-day coma, he found that he could formulate his thoughts linguistically, but he lost the ability to speak. Joel suffered damage to:

Broca's area

The noted linguist _____ argued that for humans, the capacity for language acquisition is ______.

innate

According to the textbook, Rico is a border collie that has a _____-word vocabulary for objects. Researchers assume that he can infer that an unfamiliar sound refers to an object he's never seen before.

200

The hospital where Jack works has specific step-by-step procedures, or _____, for treating heart attack victims.

algorithms

Sammie is celebrating his first birthday today. He can say numerous words like da-da, kitty, and fish. Noam Chomsky would say that Sammie is able to do this effortlessly because:

he is equipped with a language-acquisition device.

To solve a problem, we often make use of simple thinking strategies. These strategies will allow us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently by following a(n):

heuristic

Gary says things like "doggy," "mama," and "dada." He is in the _____ stage of language development

one-word

For years, the most common grade in Dr. Gunn's class has been a B. The second most common has always been a C. At the beginning of each semester, Dr. Gunn asks his class which grade they think they will get at the end of the semester. Most students indicate that they think they will get an A. This example BEST illustrates:

overconfidence