Psyc 312 Chapter 3
a status offense.
Jennifer, who is 16, ran away with her friend Tonya, who is 18. The police, however, only arrested Jennifer for running away because for a minor, running away is considered:
unclear and inconsistent.
The messages that society sends adolescents are
expected to sleep in other households
The phenomenon of extrusion is the practice in which children are
the Industrial Revolution
The status of adolescents as full-time students arose as a result of:
since the 19th century
The term "adolescent" became widely used at what time
economic freedom
Which of the following contributed to the invention of the "teenager"?
increased materialism among college students
Which of the following did not contribute to the redefinition of the term "youth"
brushing teeth
Which of the following is not an example of the contemporary version of scarification
spending a lot of time with peers
Which of the following is not associated with transition difficulties in adolescence?
conceptual
Which of the following is not one of the areas of fundamental change in adolescence
Adolescence is a separate period that has been largely determined by the broader social environment
Which of the following statements about the inventionist perspective is true
not all people in their mid-20s fit the profile
Which of the following statements is true about Arnett's concept of emerging adulthood
Charlie, a Hispanic American
Which of the following students will have the most difficulty negotiating the transition into adolescence?
youth
Which of the following terms is often used to describe individuals who are in many ways more mature than adolescents, but not as mature as adults?
the separation of adolescents experiencing menarche from elder members of the community
Which of the following themes is generally not a universal element in the process of social redefinition?
less time in school
Which of the following was not a result of industrialization?
increased opportunities for adolescents in the workplace
Which of the following was not an outcome of the Industrial Revolution?
obtaining a driver's license
Which of the following would not be considered an initiation ceremony?
20; 26
In 1960, the average age of marriage for women was _____; today it is _____:
exists in very few cultures.
Jeffrey Arnett, the psychologist who created the term "emerging adulthood", believes that the developmental period between adolescence and adulthood (emerging adulthood):
privileges; expectations
A double shift in social status takes place during adolescence with an increase in both _________ and ___________.
about 1/5 of 14 and 15 year olds are not competent to stand trial
One finding that emerged from the competence to stand trial research described in the text was that:
long and disorderly
Compared to the situation 50 years ago, today's transition to adulthood is:
young people needed to be kept away from the labor force for their own good.
During the industrial revolution, child protectionists argued that:
smoke cigarettes or binge drink
According to research presented in the textbook, the longer a foreign-born adolescent has lived in the United States, the more likely he or she is to:
although the risks are well-known, the prevalence of circumcision in the U.S. has grown to 18% of female adolescents
According to the textbook, all of the following statements about female circumcision are true except:
subject to the control of adults; freedom and autonomy
According to the textbook, in non-Western cultures, there is huge discrepancy in the extension of privileges to males and females. In general, girls' behavior is more _____, whereas boys are given more ____.
45%; 2/3
According to the textbook, today, about _____ of American adolescents are from ethnic minority groups; and, by the end of this century, it is estimated that nearly _____ of American adolescent will be nonWhite.
the industrial revolution
Adolescence was not considered a distinct transitional period until:
juvenile; criminal
Adolescents who are convicted of crimes become part of the _________ justice system, whereas adults convicted of the same crimes are part of the ________ justice system
the completion of formal schooling
All of the following are aspects of social redefinition described in the text except
the legal boundary between childhood and adulthood is very clear and consistent
All of the following are true regarding the legal boundary between childhood and adulthood except:
accepting responsibility for oneself.
Among American adolescents, the most frequently mentioned criterion for being an adult is:
argues that adolescence as a period in the life cycle is mainly a social invention
Among those who study adolescence, an inventionist is one who:
55%
Approximately what percentage of American 20- to 22-year-olds live with or are supported financially by their parents
ages 12-24.
Before industrialization, the term "youth" referred to
anyone under age 18 or 21.
Before the Industrial Revolution, the term "child" referred to
youth apprenticeships
Besides going to college, what can aid the transition from high school to adult work?
White and Asian youth
Black, Hispanic, and American Indian youth have more trouble negotiating the transition into adulthood than do their counterparts of which race(s)?
greater achievement in school.
Charles feels older than most of the other kids in his grade. He is more likely to engage in all of the following activities except:
later; less
Compared to 100 years ago, contemporary adolescents take on full-time employment _____ and live under adult supervision _____ than adolescents in earlier times.
lengthened; prolonged
Compared to 100 years ago, the adolescent period has been _____ and the transition into adulthood _____.
less, more
Contemporary adolescents spend _____ time working with their parents and _____ with their peers preparing for the future.
youth apprenticeships.
Critics of the American educational system have proposed to reduce the discontinuity in the school-to-work transition by establishing
discontinuous transition.
Dr. Goodrich believes that the passage into adulthood is a sudden change in which adult roles and statuses are abruptly assumed. This view is most closely associated with the:
inventionist perspective.
Dr. Jones argues that adolescence is primarily a social invention rather than a biological or cognitive phenomenon. Her view that the broader environment influences our conception of adolescence is most in line with the
continuous transition.
Dr. Ramirez believes that the passage into adulthood is a gradual process in which the adolescent assumes the roles and status of adulthood bit by bit. This view is most closely associated with the:
be involved in adult-like tasks at an earlier age.
Elder's study of the Great Depression revealed that adolescents who experienced hardship during those years were more likely to:
scarification.
For Sally's 13th birthday, her mother has agreed to let her get her ears pierced. In traditional societies, this type of body ritual may be equated to:
-Social problems are contagious and can spread from one adolescent to another. -Poverty in neighborhoods breeds social isolation. -Adolescents growing up in poverty are more likely to be exposed to violence.
How does poverty adversely affect the behavior and development of adolescents?
discontinuous transitions
In 1934, anthropologist Ruth Benedict suggested that the turmoil experienced during adolescence was caused by:
child protectionist
In Marley's society adolescents are expected to attain adult roles, however, they are provided with little training for such responsibilities. Additionally, adolescents tend to be segregated from the workforce and receive little training in school for the types of jobs they will hold as adults. What type of society does Marley most likely belong to?
a relatively long period of time
In contemporary America, the process of social definition, which typically begins at age 15 or 16, is something that occurs over
extrusion.
In contemporary society, many young people are sent off to summer camps, boarding schools, or colleges. An analogous practice in traditional societies is known as
discontinuous.
In contemporary society, the transition into adult work roles is fairly
whether they owned property
In the 19th century, what distinguished children from adults?
baby-boom generation.
Individuals who were adolescents in the late 1950s and 1960s are known as members of the:
menarche
Initiation ceremonies for young women in traditional societies most often coincide with:
the age of majority
Jacob is looking forward to the upcoming presidential election because he is now able to cast his vote. Based on your knowledge of the social redefinition of adolescence, what has Jacob attained?
social redefinition
Kaji, a 16-year-old male, has gone through the rite of passage and is now considered a warrior by his tribesmen. This change in Kaji's role and status may be referred to as
viewed as having potential benefit
Legal decisions have tended to support adolescent autonomy when the behavior at issue is
later development of emotional maturity
Notable contributing factors to the elongation of adolescence compared to previous eras include all except which of the following:
teenager
Popularized about 50 years ago, this expression refers to young people in a more frivolous and lighthearted manner than the term adolescent.
the subjective feeling of emotional immaturity
Psychologist Jeffery Arnett has suggested that 18- to 25-year-olds are caught between adolescence and adulthood in "emerging adulthood," which is characterized by all but which of the following
it is a time of positive and improving mental health for most people.
Recent research on psychological well-being in emerging adulthood suggests:
nearly all juveniles under 15 years old are competent to stand trial in a criminal proceeding
Research described in the text indicates all of the following except:
is associated with negative outcomes for females but not for males.
Research has established that circumcision:
all of the above might result from the lack of clarity and continuity in the transition into adulthood
Researchers have suggested that the lack of clarity and continuity in the transition into adulthood may contribute to our relatively high rate(s) of:
continuous
Since Mark was 5 years old, he has been helping his father maintain the family farm. Now, 30 years later, Mark owns the farm and is teaching his own son how to manage it. Based on your knowledge about the continuity of adolescence, how would you describe Mark's transition?
continuous
Societies in which hunting, fishing, and farming are the primary work activities tend to exhibit a more _____ transition between adolescence and adulthood.
Theresa
Tamika and Theresa both live in single-parent households and survive on welfare. Tamika, however, lives in a better neighborhood than Theresa. According to community researchers, who is more likely to drop out of school or become pregnant?
cohorts.
The Bar Mitzvah and Bas Mitzvah are contemporary examples of traditional society's practice of:
initiation ceremonies.
The Bas Mitzvah, the confirmation, and the quinceañera are all examples of:
child protectionist
The Boy Scouts is an example of an organization that grew out of the _____ school of thought.
lack of clarity and continuity in the transition from adolescence to adulthood
The National Research Council suggests that high rates of youth unemployment, juvenile delinquency, and teenage alcoholism may all stem from the:
-the physical changes of puberty -adult work roles are highly sex-differentiated -adult family roles are highly sex-differentiated
The accentuation of differences between sexes during the social redefinition of adolescence occurs partly because of
discontinuous transition.
The current school-to-work transition in America is considered a
more; more
The transition into adulthood 50 years ago was characterized by _____ prior preparation for family roles and _____ prior preparation for work roles.
are more likely to grow up poor.
The transition into adulthood is more likely to be impeded among minority teenagers because they:
social redefinition.
The universal process through which an individual's position or status is changed by society is called
preparation; participation
Today, adolescence has been redefined as a time of _____ , rather than _____.
puberty; school
Today, people go through ______ earlier than 100 years ago, but tend to stay in ______ longer.
cohorts
Typically, the social redefinition of young people occurs in groups of peers who are approximately the same age, known as:
