PSYC 420 Final Quiz Answers

Which of the following is characterized by a consistently sad mood? Select one: A. Major depressive disorder B. Schizophrenia C. Schizophreniform disorder D. Bipolar disorder

A

Which of the following is one of the criteria stated by the mental health community for a diagnosis of psychological disorder? A. The individual's behavior must reflect dysfunction in psychological, biological, or developmental processes. B. The individual's behavior must be a socially expectable response to a particular event such as the death of a close friend or relative. C. The individual's family must have a traceable history of mental illness. D. The individual must be an introvert.

A

Which of the following is a physician who developed a system of medical knowledge based on anatomical studies? A. Galen B. Horace C. Socrates D. Aristotle

A

Which of the following is NOT true of methamphetamine? Select one: A. The average age of first use has increased in recent years. B. It becomes addictive very quickly. C. It can be fatal in overdose. D. It can lead to violent behavior.

A

Which of the following is a symptom of stereotypic movement disorder? A. Self-biting B. Being unresponsive to people C. Refusing to talk D. Bed wetting

A

Which of the following is a limitation of the fMRI? Select one: A. People with artificial limbs made from metals such as titanium cannot use the fMRI. B. It requires injection of radioactive materials. C. It cannot provide a picture of how people react to stimuli in real time. D. People suffering from cardiovascular diseases cannot use an fMRI.

A

Which of the following is a major advantage of the fMRI? Select one: A. It does not require injection of radioactive materials. B. It is useful for people with artificial limbs made from metals such as titanium. C. It is specifically used for scanning the occipital lobe. D. It does not require magnetism to detect brain activity.

A

"Individuals with specific phobias have overactive "alarm systems" to danger." This view is according to the Select one: A. cognitive-behavioral view. B. biological perspective. C. humanistic approach. D. psychodynamic perspective.

A

A good psychological test is one that follows standardized procedures for scoring and A. administration. B. organization. C. diagnosis. D. classification.

A

A study evaluating the effect of stress on the overall quality of life indicated that increased stress was instrumental in substantially lowering the overall quality of life. This is an example of the ________ kind of correlation. A. negative B. positive C. primary D. transverse

A

ACT's main focus is on Select one: A. engendering empowerment and self-determination in schizophrenic patients. B. increasing hospitalization rates. C. treating schizophrenic patients with electroconvulsive therapy. D. working so that patients with schizophrenia can stop taking antipsychotic medications.

A

According to Carl Rogers, in order for an individual to be well adjusted, it is most important that the person's Select one: A. self-image should be congruent with the person's experiences. B. superego should overshadow the person's ego. C. self defense mechanisms should be well developed. D. potential for psychological growth should be realized to the maximum.

A

According to Carl Rogers, in order to help clients realize that they don't have to put up a false front of trying to appear to be something that they're not, clinicians should ideally A. provide a model of genuineness and willingness to disclose their personal weaknesses and limitations. B. stress on the fulfillment of physical needs before the fulfillment of psychological needs. C. encourage clients to develop self-defense mechanism to protect their self-identity. D. create an environment of structure and rigorous questioning.

A

According to researchers' estimate, which of the following disorders has highest rate of heritability of all psychiatric disorders? Select one: A. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder B. Oppositional defiant disorder C. Conduct disorder D. Overanxious disorder

A

According to the clinicians, which of the following refers to the ability to formulate goals, make plans, carry out those plans, and then complete the plans in an effective way? A. Executive function B. Divergent thinking C. Decision making D. Motor coordination

A

Alan, a child with learning disabilities, was assessed by a neuropsychologist. The test contained 60 line drawings of objects ranging in familiarity. Alan was supposed to choose from among four choices to correctly identify the object. Simple items were those that had high frequency. Which of the following tests was used by the neuropsychologist to assess Alan's condition? A. Boston Naming Test B. Rorschach inkblot test C. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test D. Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test

A

Calvin works at a paper manufacturing company. The bleaching agents used by the company are toxic in nature and as a result of being exposed to these substances, Calvin has been experiencing intense depressive episodes due to changes in his brain functioning. From the available information, it would be most accurate to conclude that ________ causes are responsible for Calvin's depression. A. biological B. sociocultural C. mystical D. supernatural

A

DSM-5 changes to the diagnosis of schizophrenia, compared to DSM-IV, are best described as: Select one: A. eliminating diagnostic subtypes but adding dimensional ratings. B. adding diagnostic subtypes but eliminating dimensional ratings. C. adding diagnostic subtypes and dimensional ratings. D. eliminating diagnostic subtypes and dimensional ratings.

A

Daffodils, a mental healthcare unit, promotes positive functioning in clients by creating a therapeutic community. Every member of its staff, whether a therapist, nurse, or paraprofessional, takes part in the overall mission of providing an environment that supports positive change. The underlying idea is that the pressure to conform to conventional social norms of behaviour fosters more adaptive behavior on the part of individual clients. This is an example of A. milieu therapy. B. classical conditioning. C. electroconvulsive therapy. D. systematic desensitization.

A

Deficits in brain inhibitory mechanisms in the ________ are thought to be involved in Tourette's disorder. A. prefrontal cortex B. basal ganglia C. hypothalamus D. amygdala

A

Early psychoanalysts used the term ________ to describe what current clinicians would diagnose as conversion disorder. Select one: A. hysteria B. histrionic personality C. functional neurological symptom disorder D. anxiety

A

Gloria is a 70-year-old woman who has developed a gambling disorder. She spends countless hours in the casino, exclusively at the slot machines. Given that slot machines are her game, which operant conditioning schedule has Gloria become influenced by? Select one: A. Variable ratio B. Variable interval C. Fixed interval D. Fixed ratio

A

In order for a clinician to diagnose a person with bipolar disorder, an individual must experience a ________ episode. A. manic B. acute depressive C. dysphoric D. chronic depressive

A

In order to relieve the pain of a headache, people take aspirin or some other pain reliever without consulting a physician. The removal of the headache encourages them to take an aspirin the next time they have a similar type of pain. This demonstrates Select one: A. positive reinforcement. B. classical conditioning. C. negative reinforcement. D. punishment.

A

In which of the following dissociative disorders do individuals experience feelings of being separated from their own bodies? Select one: A. Depersonalization/derealization disorder B. Dissociative amnesia C. Dissociative fugue D. Dissociative identity disorder

A

Individuals with dissociative identity disorder have learned to cope with extremely stressful life circumstances by creating ________ personalities that unconsciously control their thinking and behavior when they are experiencing stress. Select one: A. alter B. elective C. primary D. host

A

Jonathan, a clinician, unintentionally makes generic and vague statements about his client Amy that do not specifically characterize her. The statements describe Amy as a strong person but also suggest that she could display fragility under difficult circumstances. This can be true for most people. Which of the following is Jonathan's interpretation characteristic of? A. Barnum Effect B. Pygmalion Effect C. Placebo Effect D. Hawthorne Effect

A

Leif is very interested in sex but his penis remains flaccid despite adequate, sometimes extensive, erotic stimulation. Leif has ________ disorder. Select one: A. erectile B. early ejaculation C. delayed orgasmic D. male hypoactive sexual arousal

A

Leslie is a nine-year-old girl. Once she has swallowed her food, Leslie brings the food up to her mouth and chews it again. She does this frequently and it has resulted in a lack of appetite. Leslie has also lost all interest in food. She would most likely be diagnosed with pica. Select one: A. rumination disorder. B. ADHD. C. pica. D. feeding disorder of infancy or early childhood.

A

Lydia is unable to get enough sleep. She has difficulty initiating sleep. On an average day, she is able to sleep only for three hours and is awake early in the morning. Moreover, she is also dissatisfied with the quality of her sleep. Which of the following disorders is she most likely suffering from? Select one: A. Insomnia B. Conversion disorder C. Illness anxiety disorder D. Nightmare disorder

A

Marshall believes that all billboards that he sees on the side of the highway are speaking directly to him. This condition is referred to as a delusion of A. reference. B. self-blame. C. somatic. D. infidelity.

A

People suffering from the persecution type of delusion are most likely to harbor the belief that Select one: A. someone wants to harm them. B. their partners are cheating on them. C. they are controlled by some machine. D. they suffer from some terminal illness.

A

Problem-focused coping is more likely to be effective and healthy, compared to emotion-focused coping, when Select one: A. the situation is changeable. B. the situation is uncontrollable. C. the person is a skilled communicator. D. the person is a woman.

A

Recently, researchers are focusing on alternative strategies like interpersonal therapy and meditation to treat clients suffering from A. post-traumatic stress disorder. B. generalized anxiety disorder. C. social anxiety disorder. D. substance use disorder.

A

Researchers examining brain abnormalities using fMRIs can conclude all of the following EXCEPT Select one: A. what the test subject was thinking at the time of the test. B. which parts of the brain are activated while performing a specific task. C. that it is difficult to understand the brain areas involved in the processing of information. D. the similarities and differences between brain functioning in healthy and abnormal patients.

A

Sam Perkins, a retired teacher, feels that he is living in a dream and that the people he meets in everyday life and the neighborhood where he lives are not real. A clinical psychiatrist will describe such a condition as Select one: A. derealization. B. depersonalization/derealization disorder. C. illness anxiety disorder. D. dissociative fugue.

A

Sharon has vivid and recurrent dreams of a man in a black hood trying to strangle her. These frightening dreams, which have persisted for a few months, really disturb her. Which of the following disorders is Sharon most likely to be suffering from? Select one: A. Nightmare disorder B. Primary hypersomnia C. Circadian rhythm sleep disorder D. Insomnia

A

Shelly experiences intense periods of fear and physical discomfort that interfere with her daily living. Shelly may be suffering from a ________ disorder. Select one: A. anxiety B. somatic symptom C. mood D. dissociative

A

Simon has been getting mild headaches regularly since the past few months. He is convinced that the headaches are indicative of a malignant brain tumor. Although magnetic resonance images provided no medical evidence in support of his claim, Simon still maintains that he has a tumor in his brain and is upset about the imagined consequences. In this instance, Simon is most likely to be suffering from Select one: A. illness anxiety disorder. B. depersonalization/derealization disorder. C. conversion disorder. D. somatic symptom pain disorder.

A

Some researchers believe that food addiction should be considered a mental disorder in future versions of diagnostic systems. Other researchers believe that food addiction is not a real addiction that appears in people, and thus should not be included. This disagreement is over which of the following issues? A. Validity B. Culture-bound syndromes C. Reliability D. Treatment planning

A

Stealing, lying, and cheating are examples of Select one: A. antisocial behaviors. B. histrionic personality disorder. C. avoidant behaviors. D. antisocial personality disorder.

A

Studies reveal that people with PTSD A. are biased toward potentially threatening cues. B. are very prone to developing schizophrenia at a later stage. C. have a repetitive and uncontrollable urge to do a particular activity. D. have an aversion toward a particular situation.

A

The DSM-5 adheres to the A. medical model. B. behavioral model. C. psychoanalytic model. D. societal model.

A

The biopsychosocial perspective incorporates a developmental viewpoint. This means that A. we must understand how different factors influence change over the course of a person's life. B. mental abnormalities are not curable. C. risk factors related to abnormality remain constant and does not vary according to an individual's position in the life span. D. individual abnormalities are solely the result of biological factors and that the environment has no role in the development of an individual.

A

The consistency of measurements or diagnoses is referred to as A. reliability. B. validity. C. the base rate. D. a correlation.

A

The diagnosis of antisocial behavior used today had its origins in the work of Select one: A. Hervey Cleckley B. Sigmund Freud C. William Tuke D. Phillipe Pinel

A

The guiding principle of Illness Management and Recovery (IMR) as a treatment for schizophrenia is A. self-determination. B. stress reduction. C. cost-efficiency. D. spirituality.

A

The heritability of ADHD is approximately Select one: A. 76%. B. 91%. C. 23%. D. 55%.

A

The idea of "moral treatment" holds the notion that A. people could develop self-control over their behaviors if they had a quiet and restful environment. B. people with psychological disorders can be treated through exorcism. C. immoral people were cursed and they suffered from incurable mental disorders. D. abnormalities in behavior were mainly the result of possessions by evil spirits.

A

The images common to all human experience, like "hero" and "evil," which, according to Jung, make up the deepest level of the unconscious are called Select one: A. archetypes. B. symbols. C. objects. D. icons.

A

The inability of a child with ADHD to break down observed behaviors into component parts that can be recombined into goal-directed behaviors is referred to by Barkley as A. reconstitution. B. internalization. C. nonverbalization. D. self-regulation.

A

The inability of an individual to remember important information about a set of events in his/her life that is not due to is called Select one: A. dissociative amnesia. B. dissociative fugue. C. autistic disorder. D. Alzheimer's disease.

A

The most well-researched paraphilia is Select one: A. pedophilic disorder. B. sex addiction. C. erectile disorder. D. voyeuristic disorder.

A

The observed and measurable characteristic that results from the combination of environmental and genetic influences are referred to as the A. phenotype. B. DNA. C. karyotype. D. genotype.

A

The phenomenon of the "psychopath in the ________" describes corporate executives who ruthlessly exploit investors and employees alike, seeking their own gain at the expense of the bank accounts and livelihood of their victims. Select one: A. boardroom B. conference C. court D. bank

A

The tasks on the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test require that the client A. keep a running total of a series of numbers. B. be given a sheet of paper with a large predrawn circle on it. C. match a card to one of a set of cards that share various features. D. analyze the given inkblots.

A

The tendency to misconstrue stimuli as uncontrollable or dangerous would be of most interest to Select one: A. cognitive-behavioral theorists. B. psychodynamic theorists. C. psychoanalytic theorists. D. humanistic theorists.

A

The word "functional" in "Functional neurological symptom disorder" refers to Select one: A. abnormal functioning of the central nervous system. B. neurological symptoms that produce abnormally high functioning in some skill. C. physical impairments that are due to an underlying medical condition. D. minor neurological symptoms that do not produce impairment in function.

A

To receive a diagnosis of intellectual disability, an individual's IQ must be A. approximately 70 or below. B. between 80 and 100. C. between 100 and 120. D. less than 100.

A

When interacting with a client experiencing gender dysphoria, a competent clinician is most likely to use the pronouns (e.g., "his" or "her") that Select one: A. align with the client's wishes. B. align with the gender identified on clinic consent forms. C. align with the client's biological sex. D. align with the client's gender identity.

A

Which of the following approaches primarily focuses on the client's dysfunctional thoughts and tries to change the thought process that is likely to be the cause of depression? Select one: A. Cognitive based therapy B. Multicultural based therapy C. Biological based therapy D. Family based therapy

A

Which of the following expressions best reflects respect for the individual? A. Person with schizophrenia B. Psychotic patient C. Schizophrenic client D. Psychopathic deviate

A

Which of the following is the predominant symptom of primary hypersomnolence disorder? Select one: A. Incomplete awakening from sleep, usually during first third of sleep B. Frequent episodes of apnea while asleep C. Repeated occurrences of dysphoric and well-remembered dreams that typically involve threats to one's life. D. Recurrent periods of sleep or lapses into sleep during the day

A

Which of the following is the sexual dysfunction in which a woman experiences problems in having an orgasm during sexual activity? Select one: A. Female orgasmic disorder B. Dysorgasmia C. Vaginismus D. Female inhibition syndrome

A

Which of the following is true about antisocial personality disorder? Select one: A. Not all individuals with antisocial personality disorder engage in explicitly criminal behavior, but instead their disorder may manifest itself in behaviors such as job problems, promiscuity, and aggressiveness. B. Antisocial personality disorder typically emerges only in adulthood, both in terms of the development of psychopathic traits and rates of breaking the law. C. There is no difference between an antisocial personality disorder and antisocial behavior. D. Antisocial behavior and criminal behavior are considered one and the same.

A

Which of the following is true about autism spectrum disorder? Select one: A. The sensory abnormalities of children with autism spectrum disorder may take the form of hypersensitivity to sound, light, or smell. B. Children with autism spectrum disorder always engage in the imitative play patterns. C. Autism spectrum disorder is caused by a change in a gene called FMRI. D. The unusual characteristics of autism spectrum disorder are most prominent during infancy and reduce during toddlerhood.

A

Which of the following is true about neuropsychological assessment? A. Clinicians use neuropsychological assessment measures to attempt to determine the functional correlates of brain damage. B. The procedure for conducting a neuropsychological assessment is rigid and inflexible. C. Clinicians cannot evaluate "executive function" through neuropsychological assessments. D. There is no similarity between neuropsychological tests and WAIS-IV as they are completely different tests.

A

Which of the following is true about the causes of intellectual disabilities? Select one: A. Genetic abnormalities are a significant cause of intellectual disabilities. B. The expression of a gene is independent of diet and living conditions. C. The only two genetic causes for intellectual disabilities are Down syndrome and Fragile X syndrome. D. Epigenetics does not play an important role in increasing an individual's risk of developing intellectual disabilities.

A

Which of the following is true of the ego? A. It uses rational, secondary process thinking to achieve its goals. B. It is governed by the pleasure principle. C. It contains the sexual and aggressive instincts. D. It is the personality's seat of morality.

A

Which of the following is used by clinicians to extensively assess the functioning of individuals with multiple sclerosis? A. Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test B. Boston Naming Test C. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test D. Rorschach inkblot test

A

Which of the following neurotransmitter systems seems to be involved in gambling disorder? Select one: A. Dopamine B. Acetylcholine C. Norepinephrine D. GABA

A

Which of the following personality structures described by Freud includes the conscience? A. Superego B. Self C. Ego D. Id

A

Which of the following promoted the release of psychiatric patients into community treatment sites? A. Deinstitutionalization movement B. Behaviorist movement C. Dual-process theory D. Five factor model

A

Which of the following types of family therapy might require that a subset of the family members enact a disagreement as if they were characters in a play about the family? A. Structural B. Experiential C. Intergenerational D. Strategic

A

Which of the following was one of the most significant reasons for the declining conditions in mental institutions during the 1800s? A. Overcrowding B. Nonavailability of patients C. Lack of faith in religion D. The increasing popularity of science

A

Which of these medications is most commonly prescribed for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? Select one: A. Ritalin B. Valium C. Xanax D. Lithium

A

Which psychotic disorder is defined as having active symptoms that last longer than a month but less than 6 months? A. Schizophreniform disorder B. Paranoia schizophrenia C. Brief psychotic disorder D. Acute psychotic disorder

A

Which theoretical perspective views the causes of phobias to be based on the individual's misinterpretation of harmless stimuli? Select one: A. Cognitive-behavioral B. Existential C. Humanistic D. Psychoanalytic

A

Who had proposed the developmental cascade hypothesis? Select one: A. Stilo and Murray B. Kasen and Bleuler C. Kopensky and Kraepelin D. Stilheim and Morel

A

Who is considered the founder of modern medicine? A. Hippocrates B. Benjamin Rush C. Socrates D. Aristotle

A

William Masters and Virginia Johnson were the first researchers to study ________ in the laboratory. Select one: A. sexual behavior B. gambling addiction C. pedophilia D. gender dysphoria

A

With a few differences, what was labeled as ________ in DSM-IV is now labeled as ________ in DSM-5. Select one: A. gender identity disorder; gender dysphoria B. gender dysphoria; gender deviance disorder C. transvestitism; transsexualism D. transgenderism; transphobia

A

________ disorders are conditions that begin in childhood and have a major impact on social and cognitive functioning, involving serious deficits in social interaction and communication skills, as well as odd behavior, interests, and activities. A. Neurodevelopmental B. Elimination C. Personality D. Disruptive behavior

A

________ explanations view psychological disorders as the result of cruelty, stress, or poor living conditions. A. Humanitarian B. Scientific C. Spiritual D. Psychological

A

________ is a condition that presents itself in childhood and is characterized by significantly below-average general cognitive functioning as well as deficits in adaptive skills A. Intellectual disability B. Dyslexia C. Avoidant disorder D. Autism spectrum disorder

A

________ is a psychotic disorder involving the experience of a major depressive episode, a manic episode, or a mixed episode while also meeting the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia. A. Schizoaffective disorder B. Paranoid schizophrenia C. Bipolar disorde D. Schizophreniform disorder

A

________ is a treatment approach, used in an inpatient psychiatric facility, in which all facets of the environment, usually consisting of staff and clients in a therapeutic community, are components of the treatment. A. Milieu therapy B. Deep brain stimulation C. Neuromodulation D. Electroconvulsive therapy

A

________ raise intriguing questions about the ways in which people's sense of self over time, memory, and sense of reality can become fragmented. Select one: A. Dissociative disorders B. Factitious disorders C. Mood disorders D. Somatic symptom disorders

A

________ refers to a method of analyzing data that provides researchers with methods of analyzing complex relationships that do not easily lend themselves to conventional statistical methods. A. Qualitative research B. Statistical surveying C. Sampling D. Masking

A

A Trail Making Test A. evaluates the functioning of the temporal lobe that is involved in auditory perception and in high-level visual processing of complex stimuli. B. evaluates frontal lobe functioning, and focuses on attention, scanning of visual stimuli, and number sequencing. C. assesses a client's auditory information processing speed, flexibility, and calculation ability. D. assesses children with learning disabilities and adults who suffer from brain injury or dementia.

B

A disorder characterized by angry or irritable mood, argumentative or defiant behavior, and vindictiveness that results in significant family or school problems is known as ________ disorder. Select one: A. conduct B. oppositional defiant C. attention-deficit/hyperactivity D. hypersomnolence

B

A non-substance-related disorder involving the persistent urge to place bet is referred to as Select one: A. kleptomania. B. gambling disorder. C. trichotillomania. D. intermittent explosive disorder.

B

A sexual dysfunction in which a man reaches orgasm well before he wishes to, perhaps even prior to penetration, is called Select one: A. dyspareunia. B. premature (early) ejaculation. C. anorgasmia. D. male erectile disorder.

B

A state in which a person feels more cheerful and elated than average is referred to as A. unconditional positive regard. B. euphoria. C. anhedonia. D. dysphoria

B

According to Carl Rogers, psychological disorders mainly develop when A. a person fails to develop a self-defense mechanism. B. others set conditions of worth on a person. C. one does not experience life minute by minute. D. there are fundamental flaws in the biology of the person.

B

Acute stress disorder is diagnosed ________; post-traumatic stress disorder is diagnosed ________. A. in situations where the individual is unable to recover from the anxiety associated with a traumatic life event; when there is no social isolation of the client. B. soon after a traumatic event; if symptoms persist more than a month C. if symptoms persist more than a month; soon after a traumatic event D. in situations of civilian trauma only; in situations of military or combat trauma only

B

An individual's perception of competence in various life situations is referred to as his or her Select one: A. self-effacement. B. self-efficacy. C. self-image. D. self-concept.

B

Approximately how many sexual assault victims are children or adolescents? Select one: A. One-tenth B. Two-thirds C. One-half D. One-fifth

B

Clinicians who adhere to the ________ model believe that the reduction of interpersonal stress in clients with bipolar disorder is important because stressful events affect circadian rhythms, cause changes in daily routines, and affect one's mood. Select one: A. cyclothymic disorder B. interpersonal and social rhythm therapy C. biological perspective D. pharmacological therapy

B

Clinicians working with clients who are struggling with the question of why a trauma happened might help these clients by guiding them A. toward group therapy. B. to find ways to make meaning from the experience. C. away from traumatic memories. D. away from thought stopping treatment.

B

DSM-5 changes to the diagnosis of schizophrenia, compared to DSM-IV, are best described as: Select one: A. adding diagnostic subtypes and dimensional ratings. B. eliminating diagnostic subtypes but adding dimensional ratings. C. adding diagnostic subtypes but eliminating dimensional ratings. D. eliminating diagnostic subtypes and dimensional ratings.

B

Diana is not interested in sexual activity and reports no desire for it, nor does she fantasize about having sex. Diana might be diagnosed as having Select one: A. inhibited female orgasm disorder. B. female sexual interest/arousal disorder. C. sexual arousal disorder. D. gender dysphoria.

B

Dr. Larry focuses on external factors like the influence of people and institutions that have an effect on the personality of his clients. The technique employed by Dr. Larry is referred to as the ________ perspective. A. cognitive B. sociocultural C. psychoanalytic D. psychodynamic

B

Howe's (2008) "ethical sliding scale" applies to which of the following? A. Prescribing off-label medications for children and adolescents B. Navigating ethical dilemmas in treating clients with schizophrenia C. Impaired moral reasoning among clients with Autism Spectrum Disorder D. Establishing therapy fees in outpatient treatment

B

In 1963, the Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Center Construction Act proposed patient treatment in clinics and treatment centers outside of mental hospitals. This legislation paved the way for the ________ movement. A. civil rights B. deinstitutionalization C. behaviorist D. spiritual

B

In order to develop Tay-Sachs disease, Select one: A. one of the child's siblings must have this genetic defect. B. both of the child's parents must have this genetic defect. C. one of the child's parents must have this genetic defect. D. both of the child's grand parents must have this genetic defect.

B

In small amounts, alcohol typically Select one: A. has depressant effects. B. has sedating effects. C. leads to cyclothymic disorder. D. causes bipolar disorder.

B

In the course of a family therapy, the clinician is most likely to encourage the family to A. try to repress their subconscious desires. B. try new ways of relating to each other. C. analyze each other's dreams. D. exclude external relationships.

B

Individuals most at risk for schizophrenia are those who Select one: A. belong to the rural middle class. B. migrate to lower-status jobs in urban areas. C. reside in their motherland. D. belong to the upper class.

B

Isabel is afraid of gaining weight. In order to avoid becoming obese, she eats very little. Her restrictive eating behavior has resulted in her being severely underweight. Furthermore, she is overly conscious about the shape of her body and this makes up a large portion of her self-image and self-esteem. Which of the following best explains Isabel's condition? Select one: A. Bulimia nervosa B. Anorexia nervosa C. Panic disorder D. Dissociative fugue

B

Jim is eight years old and cannot yet tie his own shoes. He is extremely embarrassed in gym class because he cannot catch, throw, or kick a ball. His parents regard him as being "accident-prone." Jim most likely has ________ disorder. Select one: A. rumination B. developmental coordination C. stereotypic movement D. Tourette's

B

Joe has a mood disorder in which he experiences alternating episodes of severe depression and mild bouts of mania. Which of the following diagnoses would best describe Joe's condition? A. Bipolar I disorder B. Bipolar II disorder C. Persistent depressive disorder D. Cyclothymic disorder

B

Larry was dumped by his girlfriend and ever since he has been unable to trust another person. He feels that he is not fit to be in any kind of relationship. His therapist encourages him to reconsider this overgeneralization and see that it is his own thought that is keeping him from being happy. Based on this information, identify the method of treatment being employed in this case. Select one: A. Electroconvulsive therapy B. Cognitive therapy C. Milieu therapy D. Group therapy

B

Over the last 10 years or so, rates of cigarette smoking have Select one: A. increased among older adults but decreased among younger adults. B. decreased. C. increased. D. stayed stable.

B

People suffering from the somatic type of delusion are most likely to harbor the belief that Select one: A. they are controlled by some machine. B. they suffer from some serious disease. C. someone wants to kill them. D. their partners are cheating on them.

B

Petra has experienced repeated episodes during which she felt as if she were not real. During an interview with her therapist, she mentioned that she sometimes feels as if she is being controlled by forces outside her. Petra is most likely to be diagnosed with Select one: A. dissociative amnesia. B. depersonalization/derealization disorder. C. dissociative fugue. D. dissociative identity disorder.

B

Psychologists working within the biological perspective believe that the primary reason behind psychological disorders are A. abnormal social practices. B. abnormalities in the functioning of the body. C. faulty learning experiences. D. maladaptive thought processes.

B

Ralph has been sad and listless for three years. He cannot sleep and has lost his appetite. Using a diagnostic system, one clinician arrives at a diagnosis of depression. Using the exact same diagnostic system, another clinician arrives at a diagnosis of schizophrenia. What is the problem with this system? A. It lacks universality. B. It lacks reliability. C. It lacks validity. D. It lacks effectiveness.

B

Ramona is a member of a tribe residing in the rain forests of South America. She has been exhibiting certain symptoms of psychological disorder like severe depression and memory loss. The tribe's shaman pronounced that the spirit of a demon tiger has possessed Ramona and is the main cause of her distress. The approach used by the shaman in this instance is an example of the ________ approach. Select one: A. humanitarian B. spiritual C. scientific D. psychological

B

Researchers refer to the symptoms of schizophrenia that are exaggerations or distortions of normal thoughts, emotions, and behavior as ________ symptoms. A. negative B. positive C. hedonic D. anhedonic

B

Sally is a 4-year-old child who has been adopted after years of abuse and neglect. She has adjusted to her new adoptive family, but her adoptive parents notice that she tends to engage in overly familiar behavior with people she has never even met—like running toward a deliveryman and jumping into his arms. A psychologist might assess whether Sally has Select one: A. separation anxiety disorder. B. disinhibited social engagement disorder. C. acute stress disorder. D. reactive attachment disorder.

B

Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizopreniform disorder are all considered part of the Select one: A. psychosis circle. B. schizophrenia spectrum. C. autism spectrum. D. psychosocial cluster.

B

Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizopreniform disorder are all considered part of the Select one: A. psychosocial cluster. B. schizophrenia spectrum. C. psychosis circle. D. autism spectrum.

B

Snoring, snorting, gasping, or pauses in inhaling and exhaling air along with daytime sleepiness and fatigue; lack of sufficient ventilation of the lungs during sleep are the predominant symptoms of Select one: A. hypersomnolence disorder. B. breathing-related sleep disorders. C. insomnia D. rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder.

B

Structured programs in a community treatment facility that provide activities similar to those provided in a psychiatric hospital are called A. recovery programs. B. day treatment programs. C. employee assistance programs. D. assertive community treatment.

B

Talia has never had any previous problems with the law but at the age of 27, she started engaging in constant stealing and cheating people out of their money. Talia would most likely be diagnosed as Select one: A. having borderline personality disorder. B. engaging in antisocial behavior. C. having antisocial personality disorder. D. having conduct disorder.

B

The Cambridge Neuropsychological Testing Automated Battery (CANTAB) consists of 22 subtests that assess A. the ability to process nonverbal information quickly. B. visual memory, working memory, executive function and planning, attention, verbal memory, and decision making and response control. C. verbal recall and auditory attention and also verbal abstraction abilities. D. fluid reasoning, knowledge, working memory, and visual-spatial reasoning.

B

The German psychiatrist Wilhelm Greisinger proposed that ________ were the cause of psychological disorders. A. exorcisms B. neuropathologies C. automatic thoughts D. single nucleotide polymorphisms

B

The ICD-10 classifies conversion disorder as a form of ________ disorder. Select one: A. mood B. dissociative C. phobic D. adjustment

B

The ________ proposed by Stilo and Murray integrates genetic vulnerabilities, damage occurring in the prenatal and early childhood periods, adversity, and drug abuse as leading, ultimately, to changes in dopamine expressed in psychosis. Select one: A. Five Factor Model B. developmental cascade hypothesis C. diathesis-stress model D. neurodevelopmental hypothesis

B

The difference between a manic and a hypomanic episode is that A. in a manic episode the period of elated mood is not as extreme. B. in a hypomanic episode the period of elated mood is not as extreme. C. in a hypomanic episode there is no period of elation. D. in a manic episode there is no period of depression.

B

The difference between schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder is that Select one: A. people with schizophreniform disorder do not experience hallucinations. B. schizophreniform disorder lasts for fewer than 6 months. C. schizophreniform disorder is not fully curable. D. people with schizophreniform disorder do not experience delusions.

B

The disorder originating in childhood in which the individual voluntarily repeats nonfunctional behaviors such as rocking or head-banging is called Select one: A. selective mutism. B. stereotypic movement disorder. C. childhood schizophrenia. D. pica.

B

The fMRI allows researchers to see Select one: A. where specific mental activities are taking place. B. how people's brains react to different kinds of stimuli in real time. C. abnormal neurotransmitter levels in the brain. D. patterns of brain waves when an individual engages in particular mental tasks.

B

The following cluster of traits that includes lack of remorse or shame for harmful acts committed to others; lack of emotional responsiveness to others; impulsivity; absence of "nervousness"; and unreliability, untruthfulness, and insincerity, indicates Select one: A. detachment. B. psychopathy. C. splitting. D. egocentricity.

B

The number of axes the previous version of the DSM, DSM-IV-TR, utilized along which clients were evaluated is A. 10. B. 5. C. 7. D. 2.

B

The observed and measurable characteristic that results from the combination of environmental and genetic influences are referred to as the Select one: A. DNA. B. phenotype. C. genotype. D. karyotype.

B

The overwhelming feeling of sadness a depressed person feels is referred to as A. elation. B. dysphoria. C. ecstasy. D. euphoria.

B

The process of ruling out possible alternative diagnoses is called a(an) A. compound diagnosis. B. differential diagnosis. C. multifactorial assessment of functioning. D. multiaxial diagnosis.

B

The publication that contains descriptions of the various psychological disorders is called the A. International Manual of Mental Diseases. B. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. C. American Psychological Association's Mental Disorders Handbook. D. Physicians' Desk Reference.

B

The purpose of a diagnostic manual is to provide A. elaborate studies and documents of mentally retarded patients who have also had physical disabilities. B. consistent diagnoses across people based on the presence or absence of a set of specific symptoms. C. a list of names and contacts of mental patients who have been correctly diagnosed and successfully treated. D. a clinician with a statistical model derived from data of different patients.

B

The somatic symptom disorder characterized by the misinterpretation of normal bodily functions as signs of serious disease is referred to as Select one: A. somatic symptom pain disorder. B. illness anxiety disorder. C. factitious disorder. D. somatization disorder.

B

The study of ________ attempts to identify the ways that the environment influences genes to produce phenotypes. A. numismatics B. epigenetics C. anatomy D. histology

B

The synthetic opioid that blocks the effects of heroin by binding to the same receptor sites in the central nervous system is Select one: A. psilocybin. B. methadone. C. cocaine. D. peyote.

B

The treatment program involving a team of mental health professions from psychiatry, psychology, nursing, and social work who reach out to clients in their homes and workplaces is referred to as A. electroconvulsive therapy. B. an assertive community treatment. C. contingency management. D. a token economy.

B

Graham believes that he is the reincarnation of Christ and the responsibility of restoring peace and order to the world lies on his shoulder. This is an example of a Select one: A. apparition. B. fantasy. C. delusion. D. mirage.

C

The view of schizophrenia that emphasizes ________ suggests that people with schizophrenia form too many associations when learning and remembering new material, and fail to "prune" irrelevant information. A. the COMT gene B. neuroplasticity C. heritability D. dopamine

B

To be diagnosed with delusional disorders, a person has to experience delusions that have lasted for at least A. 3 months. B. 1 month. C. a year. D. 6 months.

B

Tourette's disorder usually involves both ________ and ________ tics. Select one: A. vocal; facial B. motor; vocal C. bodily; motor D. cognitive; facial

B

Tripp is suffering from bipolar disorder. Dr. Jones, his therapist, encourages Tripp to explore his feelings about the disorder, and helps him to develop insight about the ways in which the disorder has altered his life. Identify the approach employed by Dr. Jones. Select one: A. Biological perspective B. Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy C. Electroconvulsive therapy D. Milieu therapy

B

Tulip believes that she is a competent and effective manager who gets along well with her subordinates and is well liked. However her supervisor differs in his opinion of Tulip and based on her poor performance as a manager decides to demote her. In Carl Rogers' terms, Tulip is in a state of A. limbo. B. incongruence. C. delirium. D. alienation.

B

Vic has demonstrated a long-standing pattern of disreputable and manipulative behaviors. He has a drug abuse problem and has a long criminal record for a variety of crimes. What is worse, he shows no remorse for some of the harsh things he has done. Vic would most likely be diagnosed as having ________ personality disorder. Select one: A. borderline B. antisocial C. histrionic D. avoidant

B

When nicotine enters the bloodstream, it stimulates the release of adrenaline (norepinephrine), which activates the autonomic nervous system and Select one: A. decreases blood pressure. B. increases respiration. C. increases thiamine levels. D. decreases dopamine levels.

B

Which method of behavioral assessment requires that the client provide information about the frequency of particular behaviors? A. Motivational reporting B. Behavioral self-report C. Physiological measurement D. Behavioral observation

B

Which neuropsychological test investigates a variety of memory functions that includes tests of working and long-term memory for visual and verbal stimuli? A. Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test B. Wechsler Memory Scale-IV C. Rorschach inkblot test D. Boston Naming Test

B

Which of the following best describes disorganized speech? A. Language that is authoritative B. Language that is incomprehensible or incoherent C. Language that is abusive D. Language that is emotional

B

Which of the following is a client-centered technique that lays most emphasis on a client's autonomy? A. Systematic desensitization B. Motivational interviewing C. Contingency management D. Participant modeling

B

Which of the following is a symptom of Tourette's disorder? A. Compulsions B. Tics C. Obsessions D. Delusions

B

Which of the following is a test of executive functioning? A. Rorschach inkblot test B. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test C. Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test D. Boston Naming Test

B

Which of the following is an elimination disorder? Select one: A. Aphasia B. Encopresis C. Anorexia D. Dyslexia

B

Which of the following is assessed by the Boston Naming Test (BNT)? A. Calculation ability B. Language capacity C. Auditory information processing speed D. Flexibility

B

Which of the following is assessed by the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test? A. Learning disabilities B. Calculation ability C. Language capacity D. Executive functioning

B

Which of the following is the most common genetic disorder in males caused by a change in a gene called FMRI? A. PKU B. Fragile X syndrome C. Tay-Sachs disease D. Down syndrome

B

Which of the following is the most stressful technique for the behavioral treatment of phobias since it causes so much immediate anxiety? Select one: A. Imaginal flooding B. In vivo flooding C. Graded in vivo D. Thought stopping

B

Which of the following is the predominant symptom of insomnia? Select one: A. Episodes of decreased breathing while asleep B. Difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep C. Recurrent vivid dreams from which a person awakes and has detailed recollection of extended frightening dreams D. Repeated episodes of arousal during sleep associated with speaking

B

Which of the following is true of classical conditioning? A. It is a somatic treatment in which a neurosurgeon implants a microelectrode that delivers a constant low electrical stimulation to a small region of the brain. B. This process involves the learning of a connection between an originally neutral stimulus and a naturally evoking stimulus that produces an automatic reflexive reaction. C. It is the process through which the therapist interprets the dreams of the client through hypnosis and tries to find the reason behind addictions. D. It is a somatic treatment that is intended to reduce the individual's symptoms by altering the levels of neurotransmitters that are involved.

B

Which of the following is true of the interpersonal therapy? Select one: A. Interpersonal therapy involves applying electrical shock to the head of a person suffering from psychological disorders for the purpose of inducing therapeutically beneficial seizures. B. Interpersonal therapy uses a combination of techniques, such as encouraging self-exploration, providing support, and providing feedback on the client's ineffective social skills. C. Compared to the other therapies, the interpersonal therapy proves to be most efficient for clients with personality disorders. D. The first phase of interpersonal therapy involves formulating a treatment plan that focuses on the primary problem faced by the client.

B

Which of the following refers to the extent to which a diagnosis or rating accurately characterizes a person's psychological status? A. Significance B. Validity C. Reliability D. Precision

B

_______ perspective is the theoretical perspective that emphasizes the ways that individuals are influenced by people, social institutions, and social forces in the world around them. A. Psychoanalytic B. Sociocultural C. Cognitive D. Psychodynamic

B

________ is a behavioral intervention that can help children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome learn how to interact appropriately with other children. It involves a combination of social skills such as how to play with other children, arrange and handle play dates in the home, and avoid conflicts. Select one: A. Exposure therapy B. Friendship training C. Resistance training D. Pharmacological therapy

B

________ is an assessment process in which clinicians ask questions about the target behavior's frequency, antecedents, and consequences. A. In vivo observation B. Behavioral interviewing C. Systematic desensitization D. Behavioral observation

B

Which of the following is generally considered the most effective psychological treatment for PTSD? A. The use of benzodiazepines drugs B. In vivo flooding with relaxation training C. Graded in vivo with thought stopping D. Panic control therapy

B ?? (not C)

A behavioral self-reporting technique in which the client keeps a record of the frequency of specified behaviors is known as A. behavioral interviewing. B. self-actualization. C. self-monitoring. D. behavioral observation.

C

A client's realization that his or her problems are not unique can be facilitated most efficiently by A. psychoanalysis. B. psychotherapy. C. group therapy. D. psychodynamic therapy.

C

Healthy individuals who are given the drug ketamine—which affects NMDA receptors—sometimes experience schizophrenia-like symptoms. This finding supports the notion that ________ plays a role in schizophrenia: A. genetics B. functional connectivity C. GABA D. ketamine

C

A clinician devises a hierarchy of desired responses beginning by rewarding the child for making any utterances, and then progressing through words and sentences to treat a child with selective mutism. Which of the following methods does the clinician use? A. Relaxation training B. Covert conditioning C. Shaping and exposure D. Hypnosis

C

A dissociative experience in a person feels as if they have stepped out of their own body is called Select one: A. dissociative amnesia. B. derealization C. depersonalization. D. a fugue state.

C

A rapid, recurring, involuntary movement or vocalization is referred to as a vocal Select one: A. fixation. B. obsession. C. tic. D. habit.

C

A series of questions that clinicians administer in a face-to-face interaction with the client that enables the clinicians to make observations of their clients is known as A. the Thematic Apperception Test. B. the self-report questionnaire. C. a clinical interview. D. a psychometric test.

C

A urine alarm is the best intervention for Select one: A. rumination disorder. B. encopresis. C. enuresis. D. stereotypic movement disorder.

C

A woman who is interested in having intercourse but whose body does not physiologically respond during the arousal phase is suffering from Select one: A. inhibited female orgasm disorder. B. frotteuristic disorder. C. female sexual interest/arousal disorder. D. hypoactive sexual desire disorder.

C

According to Abraham Maslow's humanistic model, the maximum realization of the individual's potential for psychological growth is called A. self-efficacy. B. self-fulfillment. C. self-actualization. D. self-effacement.

C

According to Carl Rogers, in order for an individual to be well adjusted, it is most important that the person's A. superego should overshadow the person's ego. B. self defense mechanisms should be well developed. C. self-image should be congruent with the person's experiences. D. potential for psychological growth should be realized to the maximum.

C

According to the ________ model, bipolar mood episodes are likely to spring from medication non-adherence, stressful life events, and disruptions in social rhythms. Select one: A. rational emotive behavioral therapy B. MRI C. interpersonal and social rhythm therapy D. cyclothymic disorder

C

According to the ________, the genetic vulnerability interacts with the poor coping and problem-solving skills of the person with gambling disorder to make the individual particularly susceptible to early gambling experiences, such as having early gambling luck. Select one: A. probabilistic rewards model B. big win model C. pathways model D. linear probability model

C

According to the object relations theorists, which of the following becomes a model for all close adult relationships? A. Relationship with the superego B. Relationship with the ego C. Relationship with the caregiver D. Relationship with the id

C

After having consumed large amounts of vodka at night, the following morning Caroline wakes up to a pounding headache and nausea. This condition is referred to as Select one: A. bipolar disorder. B. potentiation. C. abstinence syndrome. D. cyclothymic disorder.

C

An axis is a class of information in DSM-IV-TR regarding A. a list of individuals suffering from schizophrenia. B. the treatment of physical disabilities. C. one aspect of an individual's functioning. D. the number of cases pending with incorrect diagnosis.

C

Andrea has been experiencing low mood, low energy, and significant weight gain for the last 2 months. She visits three mental health professionals, and each one diagnoses her with Major Depressive Disorder. In actuality, she has a glandular condition called hypothyroidism which causes the same symptoms, but is not caused by a mental disorder. Andrea's experience with the three professionals represents A. high reliability and high validity B. low reliability and low validity C. high reliability and low validity D. low reliability and high validity

C

Children who are diagnosed with PKU must follow a strict diet and avoid foods that are high in A. fish oil. B. carnitine. C. aspartame. D. iron.

C

Clinicians face a daunting task both in diagnosing and treating an individual's dissociative symptoms because Select one: A. the affected individuals almost always refuse treatment. B. a charted course of treatment is presently unavailable. C. it is difficult to determine whether the condition is real or faked. D. the affected individuals are often overly eager to seek medical treatment.

C

Dr. Schwartz is requesting that his client keep a tally of the number of times per hour he says negative things to his wife. Which assessment technique is Dr. Schwartz employing? A. Behavioral interviewing B. Self-actualization C. Self-monitoring D. Behavioral observation

C

Dr. Winger questions her client about his drinking problem, focusing on events that precede and follow a drinking binge. This specific technique is called A. systematic desensitization. B. behavioral observation. C. behavioral interviewing. D. in vivo observation.

C

Evidence that women are exposed to more chronic stressors than are men, and that women experience depression at a higher rate than men, is most directly related to which of the following theoretical perspectives? A. Cognitive B. Biological C. Sociocultural D. Psychodynamic

C

Failure to attain or maintain an adequate erection during sexual activity is characteristic of Select one: A. primary erectile dysfunction. B. inhibited male orgasm disorder. C. erectile disorder. D. sexual arousal disorder.

C

Fevie has been admitted to a psychiatric hospital. She claims that there is a person wanting to kill her. She has delusions of persecution and is also exhibiting the symptoms of a major depressive episode. She is most likely to be diagnosed as having Select one: A. paranoia schizophrenia. B. schizophreniform disorder. C. schizoaffective disorder. D. disorganized schizophrenia.

C

Graduated imaginal exposure is to systematic desensitization as graduated live exposure is to the Select one: A. imaginal sensitization method. B. flooding in vivo method. C. graded in vivo method. D. graded conditioning method.

C

Healthy individuals who are given the drug ketamine—which affects NMDA receptors—sometimes experience schizophrenia-like symptoms. This finding supports the notion that ________ plays a role in schizophrenia: A. ketamine B. genetics C. GABA D. functional connectivity

C

Hypnotherapy can be used to treat Select one: A. dissociative disorders. B. somatic symptom and related disorders. C. Both A and B. D. Neither A nor B.

C

If a client needs intensive supervision, but not actual hospital care, a clinician might suggest a A. psychiatric hospital. B. halfway house. C. specialized inpatient treatment center. D. community mental health center (CMHC).

C

If an individual suffering from a somatic symptom disorder only complains of pain that has no physiological basis, he or she may receive a specific diagnosis of Select one: A. congenital insensitivity to pain. B. conversion disorder. C. pain disorder. D. dementia.

C

In a 5-year study of Swedish adults who completed gender reassignment surgery, ________ reported regretting their decision to undergo the surgery. Select one: A. all B. most C. none D. half

C

In addition to noting the answers to questions in an unstructured interview, the clinician also observes the client's A. opinion on moral issues. B. family structure. C. level of comfort. D. verbal cues.

C

In an experimental study involving psychological disorders, a researcher observed that 7 out of a sample of 10 participants have the same diagnosed condition. This would mean that, among this sample, there is a concordance rate of ________. Select one: A. 7.00 B. 0.170 C. 0.70 D. 1.70

C

In children born with ________, deficits in intellectual functioning occur due to a lack of the enzyme hexosaminidase A. phenylketonuria B. Fragile X syndrome C. Tay-Sachs disease D. Down syndrome

C

In late 2010, the U.S. government's Healthy People project released goals for the coming decade. These goals include A. decrease the proportion of homeless adults with mental health problems who receive mental health services. B. decrease depression screening by primary care providers. C. increase the proportion of adults with mental disorders who receive treatment. D. increase the proportion of persons with serious mental illness (SMI) who are unemployed.

C

In the case of neurons, which of the following controls the manufacturing of neurotransmitters? A. Myelin B. Cytokines C. Genes D. Secretin

C

In the context of Freud's theory, protective efforts that keep unacceptable thoughts, instincts, and feelings out of conscious awareness and thus protect the ego against anxiety are referred to as A. reality principles. B. repair mechanisms. C. defense mechanisms. D. moral principles.

C

In which sexual dysfunction does a male have an abnormally low level of interest in sexual activity? Select one: A. Sexual aversion disorder B. Erectile dysfunction C. Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder D. Sexual arousal disorder

C

Individuals suffering from persistent depressive disorder typically suffer from some of the same symptoms as people with major depressive disorder. However, those with persistent depressive disorder do not Select one: A. have substance abuse problems. B. suffer from low self-esteem. C. experience as many severe depressive symptoms. D. suffer from insomnia.

C

Kim has been experiencing an abnormally euphoric mood for quite some time. She remains hyperactive throughout the day even though she merely gets two hours of sleep at night. It is most likely that Kim is suffering from Select one: A. persistent depressive disorder. B. major depressive disorder. C. bipolar I disorder. D. bipolar II disorder.

C

Leone is interested in sexual activity and does become sexually aroused. However, despite sexual stimulation, she cannot achieve an orgasm. Which of the following sexual dysfunctions is Leone experiencing? Select one: A. Dysorgasmia B. Hypoactive sexual desire disorder C. Female orgasmic disorder D. Vaginismus

C

Mary has been in a continual state of dysfunction that has kept her from feeling truly happy or well-adjusted. However, she has never had a full-blown depressive episode. Mary is most likely suffering from ________ disorder. Select one: A. major depressive B. bipolar C. persistent depressive D. cyclothymic

C

Men who become sexually excited but cannot reach orgasm might be diagnosed as having Select one: A. dyspareunia. B. male erectile disorder. C. delayed ejaculation. D. frigidity.

C

Mild to moderate cases of ADHD can be effectively treated with Select one: A. second generation antipsychotics. B. anticonvulsants. C. antidepressants. D. lithium carbonate.

C

Nick seems to be like a typical teenager. However, of late, he has started arguing a lot with his parents. He deliberately disobeys his parents and teachers. He sometimes gets involved in brawls with children in the neighborhood. If his behavior pattern persists for long, then Nick may be diagnosed with ________ disorder. Select one: A. rumination B. hypersomnolence C. oppositional defiant D. attention-deficit/hyperactivity

C

People suffering from the persecution type of delusion are most likely to harbor the belief that Select one: A. their partners are cheating on them. B. they suffer from some terminal illness. C. someone wants to harm them. D. they are controlled by some machine.

C

Ramona is a member of a tribe residing in the rain forests of South America. She has been exhibiting certain symptoms of psychological disorder like severe depression and memory loss. The tribe's shaman pronounced that the spirit of a demon tiger has possessed Ramona and is the main cause of her distress. The approach used by the shaman in this instance is an example of the ________ approach. A. humanitarian B. psychological C. spiritual D. scientific

C

Ramón's boss characterizes him as a habitual procrastinator who constantly misses project deadlines. He does not handle stress very well, makes careless mistakes, and tends to lose things. Ramón could possibly have the adult version of ________ disorder. Select one: A. conduct B. oppositional defiant C. attention-deficit/hyperactivity D. overanxious

C

Rob is receiving treatment for his psychological disorder from a private therapist in his neighbourhood. It is most likely that Rob is going to a A. halfway house. B. psychiatric hospital. C. community mental health center. D. psychoanalytic institute.

C

Roger has a severe disorder that makes him blink his eye constantly. He also frequently bangs his head and makes growling noises. These repetitive behaviors are involuntary and occur frequently. Roger most likely has ________ disorder. Select one: A. Asperger's B. autism spectrum C. Tourette's D. obsessive-compulsive

C

Sofia and Connie are both starting new jobs at the same company, which is known for its challenging, stressful work. Before starting her new job, Sofia writes an essay about her emotions and her experiences preparing for the new job. Connie writes an essay about the tasks she had to complete that day, without writing about emotions. Based on existing research, what are the most likely outcomes several months later? Select one: A. Connie experiences better health and shows better performance at work. B. Sofia and Connie both experience increases in health, but not in better work performance. C. Sofia experiences better health and shows better performance at work. D. Sofia and Connie experience comparable increases in health and performance.

C

Somatic symptom disorder is relatively rare, but is present with higher than expected frequency among patients seeking treatment for Select one: A. schizophrenia. B. mood disorder. C. chronic pain. D. depression.

C

Symptom duration of less than a month is to ________ as duration greater than 6 months is to ________. A. brief psychotic disorder; schizophreniform disorder B. schizophreniform disorder; schizophrenia C. brief psychotic disorder; schizophrenia D. catatonic schizophrenia; paranoid schizophrenia

C

Testing in which the client's responses to earlier questions determine the subsequent questions presented to them is known as ________ testing. A. apperception B. projective C. adaptive D. personality

C

The Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) is a technique used by a clinician to treat clients suffering from Select one: A. social anxiety disorders. B. agoraphobias. C. post-traumatic stress disorders. D. generalized anxiety disorders.

C

The ________ approach to psychological disorders gained momentum as psychiatrists and psychologists proposed behavior models that included explanations of abnormality in the nineteenth century. A. social B. spiritual C. scientific D. mystical

C

The ________ component of body image includes body checking, such as frequent weighing or measuring of body parts. Select one: A. pharmacological B. perceptual C. behavioral D. cognitive-affective

C

The ________ movement views psychological disorders as difficulties that inhibit the individual's ability to achieve highly subjective well-being and feelings of fulfilment. A. transcendental B. cognitive C. positive psychology D. behaviorist

C

The agreement ratio between people diagnosed as having a disorder and their relatives is defined as the ________ rate. Select one: A. incidence B. prevalence C. concordance D. correlation

C

The behavioral approach to treating phobias, which involves gradually exposing the client to the feared stimulus while the client practices relaxation exercises, is called Select one: A. relaxation training. B. flooding. C. systematic desensitization. D. aversive conditioning.

C

The cognitive-affective component of body image includes Select one: A. the way individuals mentally represent their bodies. B. body checking, such as frequent weighing or measuring body parts, and avoidance, which is the wearing of baggy clothing or social situations that expose the individual's body to viewing by others. C. evaluation of one's own appearance (satisfaction or dissatisfaction) and the importance of weight and shape for an individual's self-esteem. D. compulsive comparison with the body image of others.

C

The degree awarded to individuals who receive their training in clinical psychology from professional schools is a(an) A. MSW. B. CAC. C. PsyD. D. DO.

C

The difference between persistent depressive disorder and bipolar disorder is that A. in the case of persistent depressive disorder, episodes of depressive symptoms are not time-limited. B. in the case of persistent depressive disorder, the individual experiences major depressive episodes. C. bipolar disorder involves intense and very disruptive experiences of a euphoric mood. D. bipolar disorder is chronic in nature.

C

The difference between schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder is that people suffering from schizoaffective disorder Select one: A. falsely believe that their romantic partner is unfaithful to them. B. do not exhibit any external symptoms. C. experience mood disorders. D. falsely believe that another person is in love with them.

C

The disorder that causes developmental delays and early death, usually before the child reaches the age of 4 or 5, is called Select one: A. Fragile X syndrome. B. Down syndrome. C. Tay-Sachs disease. D. phenylketonuria.

C

The eating disorder characterized by an unwillingness to maintain normal weight, an intense fear of gaining weight, and distorted body perception is known as Select one: A. bulimia nervosa. B. obsessive-compulsive disorder. C. anorexia nervosa. D. depersonalization disorder.

C

The eating disorder characterized by an unwillingness to maintain normal weight, an intense fear of gaining weight, and distorted body perception is known as Select one: A. depersonalization disorder. B. obsessive-compulsive disorder. C. anorexia nervosa. D. bulimia nervosa.

C

The findings of a research states that in July 2003, 18 cases of suicides due to severe depression occurred in the city of San Francisco. This reflects the ________ of suicides due to severe depression in San Francisco during July 2003. A. probability B. concordance rate C. incidence D. prevalence

C

Which of the following sleep disorders is characterized by misalignment in both sleep and daytime functioning involving disruptions in the normal sleep-wake schedule required by the person's environment, or work or social schedule? Select one: A. Nightmare disorder B. Hypersomnolence disorder C. Circadian rhythm sleep disorder D. Insomnia

C

The first phase of interpersonal therapy typically involves Select one: A. formulating a treatment plan that focuses on the primary problem faced by the client. B. interpreting the dreams of an individual suffering from depression through the process of hypnosis. C. assessing the magnitude of the individual's depression using quantitative assessment measures. D. applying electrical shock to the head of a person suffering from psychological disorders for the purpose of inducing therapeutically beneficial seizures.

C

The involuntary uttering of obscenities as the result of a tic is referred to as A. encopresis. B. echolalia. C. coprolalia. D. enuresis.

C

The milder form of bipolar disorder that involves a less intense vacillation between states of euphoria and dysphoria is known as A. persistent depressive disorder. B. major depressive disorder. C. cyclothymic disorder. D. euphoric disorder.

C

The process of gathering information about a client's brain functioning on the basis of performance on psychological tests is referred to as ________ assessment. A. neuroleptic B. psychophysiological C. neuropsychological D. behavioral

C

The similarity between behaviorally oriented therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy is that Select one: A. they focus on reducing excess amounts of norepinephrine. B. they focus on reducing the excess amount of serotonin. C. they involve an active collaboration between the client and the clinician. D. they look at the client's dysfunctional thoughts and try to change them through cognitive restructuring.

C

The study of how genes translate hereditary information is referred to as A. gene pooling. B. cognitive mapping. C. molecular genetics. D. sensory gating.

C

The symptoms of antisocial personality disorder include Select one: A. passive resistance to the demands of others. B. avoidance of social interactions. C. impulsive and aggressive behavior. D. a compulsive need to steal.

C

The symptoms, causes, and treatment approaches of Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder are most closely related to those of Select one: A. generalized anxiety disorder. B. obsessive-compulsive disorder. C. trichotillomania. D. hoarding disorder.

C

The treatment program involving a team of mental health professions from psychiatry, psychology, nursing, and social work who reach out to clients in their homes and workplaces is referred to as Select one: A. electroconvulsive therapy. B. a token economy. C. an assertive community treatment. D. contingency management.

C

There are established and effective FDA-approved pharmacological treatments for dependence on Select one: A. prescription opioids. B. marijuana. C. heroin. D. methamphetamines.

C

Vaughn Smith, an investment banker, was leading a regular life until his recent trip to a casino in Atlantic City, where he won $50,000 playing Keno. Now he regularly visits casinos to play a variety of games and often ends up neglecting his familial and professional duties on account of his obsession with games of chance. Despite the fact that he loses thousands of dollars, he is unable to resist his drive to visit casinos on a regular basis. Vaughn Smith is most likely to be suffering from Select one: A. trichotillomania. B. kleptomania. C. gambling disorder. D. pyromania

C

When events generated by a random process have deviated from the population average in a short run, individuals may erroneously believe that the opposite deviation becomes more likely. This summarizes the Select one: A. inherent memory bias. B. illusion of control. C. gambler's fallacy. D. switching and double switching.

C

Which is true about the ICD classification system for mental disorders? A. The ICD does not include diagnostic categories for anxiety disorders. B. The ICD is used only for research studies, and not for clinical diagnosis. C. The ICD shares over 90 percent of diagnostic categories with the DSM system. D. The ICD is used only in developing countries.

C

Which of the following describes the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)? A. A specific test that clinicians use to test working memory and processing speed. B. A specific test that clinicians use for diagnosis of learning disabilities. C. A common test that clinicians use in cases of possible traumatic brain injury. D. A common test that clinicians use for determination of giftedness or intellectual disability.

C

Which of the following describes the relationship between age and coping strategies? Select one: A. Younger individuals tend to use more effective coping strategies than older individuals. B. Younger and older individuals do not differ in their use of coping strategies, which are predominantly emotion-focused. C. Older individuals tend to use more effective coping strategies than younger individuals. D. Younger and older individuals do not differ in their use of coping strategies, which are predominantly problem-focused.

C

Which of the following is NOT one of the "four A's" that Eugen Bleuler used to characterize the symptoms of schizophrenia? A. Association B. Autism C. Acalculia D. Affect

C

Which of the following is NOT one of the existing family therapy methods? A. Intergenerational B. Structural C. Sequential D. Experiential

C

Which of the following is true of stereotypic movement disorder? Select one: A. It is a very uncommon disorder. B. It occurs in children who indiscriminately attach to adult caregivers. C. It occurs more commonly in children who are blind. D. It occurs in children after they reach puberty.

C

Which of the following measures visuospatial ability? A. In vivo observation B. Boston Naming Test C. Clock Drawing Test D. Analog observation

C

Which of the following of specific phobia is true? Select one: A. People suffering from specific phobias are easily distressed by minor disruptions of life. B. Specific phobia is a disorder which is partially genetically based. C. Different specific phobias show different patterns of brain activation. D. Specific phobia is linked with neuroticism.

C

Which of the following perspectives is primarily based on the underlying belief that abnormality is caused by disturbances in the pattern of interactions and relationships with siblings, parents, children, and partner? A. Psychodynamic perspective B. Cognitive perspective C. Family perspective D. Humanistic perspective

C

Which of the following statements best characterizes the expression of ADHD symptoms in teenage girls? A. They tend to have symptoms of specific learning disabilities alongside ADHD challenges. B. They are more likely to behave in a physically aggressive way. C. They tend to externalize their symptoms more than boy. D. They are more likely to experience conflict with their parents.

C

Which of the following will be a criterion for the diagnosis of intellectual developmental disorder in DSM-5? A. There should be growth problems such as height, weight, or both at or below the 10th percentile (adjusted for age, sex, and race or ethnicity). B. The disorder must begin prior to the age of 12. C. There should be impairments in adaptive functioning, relative to a person's age and cultural group, in a variety of daily life activities such as communication and social participation. D. The IQ level should be approximately 50 or below on an individually administered intelligence test, such as the WAIS-IV or WISC-IV.

C

_______ is an elimination disorder in which the child is incontinent of urine and urinates in clothes or in bed after the age when the child is expected to be continent. Select one: A. Encopresis B. Stereotypic movement disorder C. Enuresis D. Rumination disorder

C

________ explanations primarily regard psychological disorders as the result of causes that we can objectively measure, such as biological alterations, faulty learning processes, or emotional stressors. A. Religious B. Spiritual C. Scientific D. Mystical

C

________ is a mental disorder with a range of symptoms involving disturbances in content of thought, form of thought, perception, affect, sense of self, motivation, behavior, and interpersonal functioning. Select one: A. Bipolar disorder B. Somatic symptom disorder C. Schizophrenia D. Dissociative identity disorder

C

________ is a method in client-centered therapy which involves total acceptance of what the client says, does, and feels. A. Participant modeling B. Systematic desensitization C. Unconditional positive regard D. Contingency management

C

________ is the psychoactive substance found in cigarettes. Select one: A. Mescaline B. Nicotine C. Histamine D. Dopamine

C

A genotype is the A. chemical messenger that carries the genetic code. B. recessive variant of the gene. C. dominant variant of a gene. D. genetic makeup of an organism.

D

A group of researchers studying the effects of alcohol on the overall health of urban adults asked respondents whether they drank alcohol during the past month. In this instance, the researchers were collecting ________ data. A. incidence B. secondary C. tangential D. prevalence

D

A period of euphoric mood with symptoms involving abnormally heightened levels of thinking, behavior, and emotionality is referred to as a ________ episode. Select one: A. elated B. major depressive C. dysphoric D. manic

D

According to Maslow, self-actualized individuals A. are dominated by their superego. B. are concerned about what other people think of them. C. are only worried about fulfilling their own needs. D. have accurate self-perception.

D

According to Masters and Johnson, which of the following is the third stage of the human sexual response? Select one: A. Plateau B. Arousal C. Resolution D. Orgasm

D

According to clinicians, which of the following approaches has yielded better results in treating individuals with eating disorders? Select one: A. Invasive surgery B. Pharmacological interventions C. Hypnosis D. Psychotherapeutic methods

D

According to recent research, people with autism spectrum disorder may have less ability to share information between the two cerebral hemispheres. This indicates that the condition is related to abnormalities in A. attachment formation. B. learning processes. C. acetylcholine systems. D. neural circuitry.

D

According to the IPSRT model, mood episodes are likely to emerge from Select one: A. exposure to toxic gases like arsenic pentafluoride. B. unhealthy food habits. C. consumption of alcoholic beverages. D. medication nonadherence.

D

According to the biopsychosocial model, it is most likely that an individual's vulnerability to develop abnormal behavioral tendencies will be low when he/she A. uses drugs to divert his/her mind from stressful situations. B. is involved in dysfunctional relationships. C. engages in risky behaviors. D. receives adequate health care.

D

According to the biopsychosocial model, when Bella engages in risky behavior, her vulnerability to developing A. AIDS is reduced. B. genetic disorders is heightened. C. mood related disorders is reduced. D. abnormal behavioral tendencies is heightened.

D

Adderall and Ritalin are types of Select one: A. methamphetamine. B. antistimulant. C. opioid. D. amphetamine.

D

Alex has been dually diagnosed with ADHD and Tourette's syndrome. Which of the following types of medications would be most effective in treating his conditions? A. Anxiolytics B. Second generation antipsychotics C. Phenothiazines D. Antidepressants

D

An amniocentesis or amniotic fluid test has identified a defect on the short arm of the 21st pair of chromosomes in a developing embryo. It is likely that this child will have A. Tay-Sachs disease. B. Fragile X syndrome. C. Tourette's disorder. D. Down syndrome.

D

An assessment process in which clinicians take into account the person's cultural, ethnic, and racial background is known as A. universal screening assessment. B. DISC assessment. C. organizational assessment. D. multicultural assessment.

D

An individual with autistic symptoms who also possesses an extraordinary skill of some kind is referred to as a person with ________ syndrome. Select one: A. auteur extraordinaire. B. astute prodigy. C. gifted genius. D. autistic savant.

D

An irrational and ongoing fear of a particular object, activity, or situation is known as a A. general anxiety. B. overall aversion. C. allergy. D. specific phobia.

D

Andrew was a troublesome child and never did his homework. In an effort to encourage Andrew's interest in studies, his mother decided to give him a treat of his favorite chocolate whenever he completed his homework. After a few days, she noticed that Andrew started doing his homework regularly and did not even have to be reminded. This type of learning is an example of ________ conditioning. A. Pavlovian B. classical C. respondent D. operant

D

Based on the incidence of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in various ethnic groups, which of the following individuals would be considered at high risk of having a baby with this syndrome? Select one: A. A woman of French Canadian descent B. A woman of Irish descent C. A woman of Italian descent D. A woman of Native American descent

D

Catherine has been diagnosed with intellectual disability due to maternal alcohol exposure. She goes to a regular school, instead of attending special classes. This educational philosophy that places Catherine in a regular set up in society is an example of A. association. B. assimilation. C. classical conditioning. D. mainstreaming.

D

Cordelia feels the radio is "forcing" her to perform certain actions against her will. Cordelia is most likely suffering from the ________ type of delusion. Select one: A. infidelity B. self-blame C. somatic D. control

D

Current psychodynamic treatment is focused on helping clients to Select one: A. repress the desires of the id. B. suppress the expression of abnormal sexual desires. C. turn their focus from the unconscious to the conscious. D. explore aspects of the self that are unconscious.

D

Daisy is extremely interested in sex but does not experience the vaginal changes that ordinarily precede sexual intercourse. Daisy may have ________ disorder. Select one: A. hypoactive sexual desire B. sexual aversion C. inhibited female orgasm D. female sexual interest/arousal

D

David refers to himself as Mussolini and believes that all men comprise his army and should follow his orders. From which of the following forms of delusions is David suffering? Select one: A. Somatic B. Self-blame C. Infidelity D. Grandeur

D

Disorders in which the normal integration of consciousness, memory, sense of self, or perception is disrupted are known as A. adjustment disorders. B. impulse-control disorders. C. anxiety disorders. D. dissociative disorders.

D

Don cured his son's fear of the dark by simply pushing his son into a dark room and locking the door. This type of treatment is known as Select one: A. counterconditioning. B. systematic desensitization. C. imaginal flooding. D. flooding.

D

The disorders which are characterized by intense, incapacitating fear and apprehension are called ________ disorders. Select one: A. somatic symptom B. personality C. dissociative D. anxiety

D

Dr. Jonas is beginning treatment with Sean, an 8-year-old whom she has diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Before introducing techniques designed to change his behavior and symptoms, she begins treatment by helping him understand his condition and how it affects him. Dr. Jonas is delivering what treatment component? Select one: A. Experiential learning B. Self-management training C. Coaching D. Psychoeducation

D

Dr. Norman, a psychiatrist, along with other professionals from the field of psychology, nursing, and social work reaches out to schizophrenic patients in their homes and workplaces and focuses on engendering empowerment and self-determination on them. This is an example of A. operant condition. B. counterconditioning. C. classical conditioning. D. assertive community treatment.

D

Father Moore had conducted a number of exorcisms during his tenure as pastor in a suburban church in New England. The members of his congregation suggest that Father Moore was successful in driving away evil spirits that caused individuals to behave abnormally, a feat that earned him substantial fame in the town. This is an example of the ________ approach in addressing abnormality in individuals. A. medical B. psychological C. scientific D. spiritual

D

Hydrocodone, morphine, and codeine are types of Select one: A. hypnotic. B. stimulant. C. cocaine. D. opioid.

D

In systematic desensitization, a person Select one: A. explores the irrational elements in his or her thoughts and emotions. B. "gets in touch" with the stimuli that caused him or her to become fearful. C. is taught to systematically avoid stimuli that produce fear. D. counterconditions their fear response.

D

In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, which of the following is true? A. It is based on the belief that psychological needs are not as important as physical needs for achieving self-actualization. B. It is based on the belief that higher-order needs must be fulfilled before lower-order needs are fulfilled. C. It is based on the belief that physical needs are not as important as psychological needs for achieving self-actualization. D. It is based on the belief that individuals who are preoccupied with meeting deficit needs cannot achieve self-actualization.

D

In the context of the behavioral perspective, which of the following is considered to be the main reason behind most abnormalities? A. Development of Oedipus complex B. Development of Electra complex C. Maladaptive personality traits D. Faulty learning experiences

D

In treating clients with schizophrenia, clinicians sometimes find that they have to withhold or filter information from the client for their own good, for example by characterizing the client's symptoms as strengths instead of symptoms. Howe (2008) has discussed the challenges of clinician's decisions in such situations, and has advocated A. the "one-size-fits-all" technique. B. following the instructions of family members. C. complete disclosure and honesty. D. an "ethical sliding scale."

D

In which of the following forms of Down syndrome does the extra copy of one of the chromosome pairs interfere with the normal development of the body and brain? Select one: A. Fragile X syndrome B. PKU C. Tay-Sachs disease D. Trisomy 21

D

Inhalants are best defined as Select one: A. a synthetic opioid that produces a safer and more controlled reaction than heroin and that is used in treating heroin addiction. B. a psychoactive substance found in cigarettes. C. a stimulant found in coffee, tea, chocolate, energy drinks, diet pills, and headache remedies. D. a diverse group of substances that cause psychoactive effects by producing chemical vapors.

D

Interpersonal therapy assumes that ________ trigger(s) depressive episodes in people who are genetically vulnerable to the disorder. Select one: A. exposure to toxic gases like arsenic pentafluoride B. unhealthy food habits C. consumption of alcoholic beverages D. disruptions in social rhythms

D

Jenny has received a diagnosis of major depressive disorder. What might give you a more complete picture of this client's condition by presenting information about factors that may be influencing her situation? A. Her long-term prognosis B. The clinician's theoretical perspective C. A primary diagnosis D. Her case formulation

D

Judith is fighting her heroin addiction. Her physician prescribes her a synthetic opioid that produces a safer and more controlled reaction than heroin and that is used in treating heroin addiction. Identify this drug. Select one: A. Marijuana B. Cocaine C. Nicotine D. Methadone

D

Jules has been suffering from a form of mood disorder. She experiences insomnia and feels low on energy at times and then at other times she seems to be very energetic and experiences a state of ecstasy. Identify the mood disorder affecting Jules. A. Persistent depressive disorder B. Major depressive episode C. Major depressive disorder D. Bipolar disorder

D

Kiara has been experiencing mildly depressed moods and feelings of guilt, ever since she had an abortion three years ago. She believes that she lost her baby due to her own negligence. She has not suffered from a major depressive episode during this time period, but is never totally free of her depressive symptoms. From the given information, identify the chronic disorder from which Kiara is suffering. A. Bipolar disorder B. Cyclothymic disorder C. Major depressive disorder D. Persistent depressive disorder

D

Lian, a Chinese American, was asked by her clinician if she could speak English fluently. The clinician took into account Lian's cultural, ethnic, and racial background. Which of the following was performed by Lian's clinician? A. Universal screening assessment B. Organizational assessment C. DISC assessment D. Multicultural assessment

D

Marcus suffers from a pervasive developmental disorder, because of which he cannot communicate with others. He is unable to relate emotionally to others. However, he can remember directions to any location he has been to once. He can also recall 16 digit pin codes after having heard them only once. He can quickly solve extremely challenging mathematical puzzles. Marcus is most likely to be diagnosed with A. Fragile X syndrome. B. Down syndrome. C. PKU syndrome. D. autistic savant syndrome.

D

Mindy's therapist is asking her to consider the ways in which her mother treated her and how that treatment may have an impact on the ways in which Mindy treats her own children today. On the basis of the given information, we can say that Mindy's clinician is applying the ________ approach. A. group B. structural C. experiential D. intergenerational

D

Mrs. Preston has contracted Rubella during her pregnancy. She is concerned about giving birth to a child with intellectual disability. Her child is most likely to have an intellectual disability if she contracted the disease during the ________ week of the pregnancy. A. 20th B. 8th C. 40th D. 2nd

D

Munchausen's syndrome is an extreme form of Select one: A. malingering. B. sleep disorder. C. conversion disorder. D. factitious disorder.

D

Ned was involved in an accident in which he unintentionally ran over a person who was thrown from her vehicle into oncoming traffic. After a month of intense feelings of fear, horror, and amnesia regarding the event, Ned seems to have recovered from that phase. It is likely that he was suffering from A. generalized anxiety disorder. B. specific phobia. C. acute stress disorder. D. PTSD.

D

Nelly was sexually abused as a child. In her early twenties, she discovered that she could not recall a set of traumatic events that took place in her adolescence. Which of the following disorders is Nelly most likely to be diagnosed with? Select one: A. Dissociative fugue B. Dissociative identity disorder C. Depersonalization/derealization disorder D. Dissociative amnesia

D

Nirvikar was a passenger in a terrible car wreck that left four of his friends dead. He has continual nightmares that go back to that fateful night. In addition to being emotionally numb about the whole situation, he feels very guilty that he survived the ordeal. Nirvikar might be diagnosed as having A. simple phobia. B. generalized anxiety disorder. C. panic disorder. D. PTSD.

D

Older individuals with persistent disorder or depression are more likely to report problems in which of the following areas of functioning? A. Psychological B. Mental C. Social D. Physical

D

One of the most common forms of phobias is the fear of Select one: A. water. B. enclosed spaces. C. being isolated. D. heights.

D

People suffering from the infidelity type of delusion are most likely to harbor the belief that Select one: A. someone wants to kill them. B. they are controlled by some machine. C. they suffer from some terminal illness. D. their partners are cheating on them.

D

Personality disorders usually become evident Select one: A. only around family and friends. B. only when a person is under stress. C. only when there is a mid-life crisis. D. as early as adolescence.

D

Research has consistently shown that which of the following is always associated with better health? Select one: A. Low stress B. Optimism C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B

D

Research on Combined Behavioral Intervention and medication for alcohol use disorders has produced the following findings with regard to abstinence outcomes Select one: A. CBI plus medication is more effective than CBI alone, both immediately after and one year after treatment. B. Neither CBI alone nor CBI plus medication are effective at any time point. C. CBI alone is more effective immediately after treatment, but one year after treatment, CBI plus medication is more effective. D. CBI plus medication is more effective immediately after treatment, but one year after treatment, CBI alone is equally effective as CBI plus medication.

D

Research on the effectiveness of Assertive Community Treatment has shown all of the following effects EXCEPT A. stabilized housing. B. reduced hospitalizations. C. lower treatment costs. D. increased assertive communication.

D

Researchers' hesitancy to conduct studies of psychotropic medications among children has had which of the following consequences? Select one: A. Recall of antidepressants by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) B. Higher suicide rates in young adolescents than in older adults C. Increased rates of psychotic disorders D. Off-label use of FDA-approved medications

D

Ruth used to get drunk after drinking two gin and tonics. Now she must drink six to get the same effect. Ruth's drinking illustrates the phenomenon of Select one: A. rejection. B. potentiation. C. withdrawal. D. tolerance.

D

Sexual dysfunctions are associated with all phases of the human sexual response EXCEPT Select one: A. orgasm. B. arousal. C. plateau. D. resolution.

D

Someone whose psychotic symptoms last longer than a brief psychotic disorder but not as long as schizophrenia is most likely to be diagnosed with A. schizoaffective disorder. B. shared psychotic disorder. C. late-onset schizophrenia. D. schizophreniform disorder.

D

Statistics show that impulsivity, acting out, and other extreme behaviors of people with antisocial personality disorder decrease as these individuals age. This finding supports what is known as the Select one: A. revelation reaction. B. remorse reaction. C. reactivity hypothesis. D. maturation hypothesis.

D

Symptoms of ________ is a symptom of alcohol-induced brain damage. Select one: A. insomnia B. dyslexia C. thalassemia D. dementia

D

The ________ interview is a standardized series of assessment questions, with a predetermined wording and order. A. clinical B. reference C. unstructured D. structured

D

The behavioral technique in which the individual is immersed through visualization into a feared situation is referred to as Select one: A. in vivo desensitization. B. systematic desensitization. C. in vivo flooding. D. imaginal flooding.

D

The brain imaging technique which constructs a picture of actual activity in the brain is the A. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). B. computed axial tomography (CAT) scan. C. electrocardiography (ECG). D. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

D

The childhood disorder in which a child, who is at least four years of age, has bowel movements either in his or her clothes or in other inappropriate places is referred to as Select one: A. stereotypic movement disorder. B. enuresis. C. rumination disorder. D. encopresis.

D

The diagnoses contained in the current DSM-5 more closely correspond to those included in the A. DSM-II. B. International Manual of Mental Diseases. C. Physician's Desk Reference. D. International Classification of Diseases.

D

The main goal of traditional psychoanalytic treatment was to Select one: A. suppress the expression of abnormal sexual desires. B. highlight the differences between the ego and the superego. C. turn the focus of the client from the unconscious to the conscious. D. bring repressed unconscious material into conscious awareness.

D

The mismatch between a person's perception of self-image and reality is referred to as A. alienation. B. disparity. C. contrast. D. incongruence.

D

The number of children estimated to experience sexual abuse per year in the United States is estimated to be around Select one: A. 13,000. B. 13 million. C. 1.3 million. D. 135,000.

D

The repetitive behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorder can take the form of repeating the same sounds again and again. This is referred to as Select one: A. coprolalia. B. logoclonia. C. anosognosia. D. echolalia.

D

The second phase of the interpersonal therapy typically involves Select one: A. assessing the magnitude of the individual's depression using quantitative assessment measures. B. interpreting the dreams of an individual suffering from depression through the process of hypnosis. C. applying electrical shock to the head of a person suffering from psychological disorders for the purpose of inducing therapeutically beneficial seizures. D. formulating a treatment plan that focuses on the primary problem.

D

The way a person relates to a caregiver figure is referred to as Select one: A. socialization. B. sublimation. C. displacement. D. attachment style.

D

To be diagnosed as having schizophreniform disorder, how long must the individual have the psychotic symptoms? Select one: A. Longer than 13 months but less than 20 months B. Longer than 20 months C. Longer than 6 months but less than 12 months D. Longer than 1 month but less than 6 months

D

Uriah is 50 years old and has been in prison for 20 years for a variety of crimes linked to his antisocial personality. Which of the following statements would he most want to have presented at his parole hearing? Select one: A. He did not endure any sexual or physical abuse as a child. B. He is lacking the extra Y chromosome thought to be linked to antisocial personality disorder. C. His testosterone levels are below normal. D. Antisocial personality traits tend to decrease in midlife.

D

When an individual feigns symptoms or disorders because of an inner need to maintain a sick role, he/she is Select one: A. suffering from a dissociative disorder. B. coping. C. malingering. D. suffering from a factitious disorder.

D

When do paraphilic disorders typically emerge? Select one: A. During old age B. In early childhood C. During middle age D. In adolescence

D

When is a mother's contraction of rubella likely to result in a child's intellectual disability? A. During the third three months of pregnancy B. During the second three months of pregnancy C. At any point in the pregnancy D. During the first three months of pregnancy

D

Which childhood disorder is characterized by a chronic combination of chronic movement and vocal tics? Select one: A. Stuttering B. Tay-Sachs disease C. Cluttering D. Tourette's disorder

D

Which of the following best characterizes the recommendations with regard to home visits for treatment of Hoarding Disorder? Select one: A. Home visits are not recommended except in extreme circumstances B. Recommended for elderly or physically disabled patients C. Recommended only when accompanied by the client's family members during the visit D. Recommended when therapists use cognitive-behavioral methods during the visit

D

Which of the following best characterizes the relationship between cannabis use and schizophrenia? Select one: A. Cannabis use among people with schizophrenia alleviates symptoms. B. Cannabis is not associated with schizophrenia risk. C. Cannabis increases risk of developing schizophrenia for men but not women. D. Cannabis use increases risk of developing schizophrenia.

D

Which of the following common cognitive distortions in people with gambling disorder explains that individuals are biased to recollect wins with greater ease than losses? Select one: A. Gambler's fallacy B. Switching and double switching C. Illusion of control D. Inherent memory bias

D

Which of the following common cognitive distortions in people with gambling disorder explains that individuals have a higher expectancy for success than objective probability would warrant? Select one: A. Inherent memory bias B. Switching and double switching C. Gambler's fallacy D. Illusion of control

D

Which of the following components of Murphy's multipronged approach to treatment of ADHD is best considered the starting point for developing coping strategies? Select one: A. Compensatory behavioral/self-management training B. Advocacy C. School/workplace accommodations D. Psychoeducation

D

Which of the following disorders, which results in intellectual disability, is more likely to be inherited by the Ashkenazi Jews, of Eastern European descent? A. Phenylketonuria B. Fragile X syndrome C. Down syndrome D. Tay-Sachs disease

D

Which of the following indicates a major flaw in the categorical rating system for personality disorder? Select one: A. There is a lack of details and distinctions in the ratings. B. It allows for the possibility of a client's "somewhat" antisocial or narcissistic behavior. C. The distinctions are too broad and generalized. D. There are too many fine distinctions that the diagnoses require.

D

Which of the following is NOT associated with the development of sexual disorders? Select one: A. Cardiovascular disease B. Smoking C. Taking blood pressure medication as prescribed D. Frequent exercise

D

Which of the following is NOT one of the "four A's" that Eugen Bleuler used to characterize the symptoms of schizophrenia? Select one: A. Affect B. Autism C. Association D. Acalculia

D

Which of the following is NOT one of the educational deficits typically seen in children with ADHD? A. Repeated discipline problems B. Lower grades C. Placement in special education classes D. Low self-esteem

D

braham Maslow's theory focuses on the idea of A. the Oedipus complex. B. defense mechanism. C. the Electra complex. D. self-actualization.

D

Which of the following is a biopsychosocial approach to treating people with bipolar disorder that proposes that relapses can result from the experience of stressful life events, disturbances in circadian rhythms and problems in personal relationships? Select one: A. psychodynamic perspective B. biological perspective C. electroconvulsive therapy D. interpersonal and social rhythm therapy

D

Which of the following is a disorder that is defined by the presence of significant interruptions of emotional or mood states? Select one: A. neurocognitive disorder B. autism spectrum disorder C. specific learning disability D. bipolar disorder

D

Which of the following is a neurodevelopmental disorder involving significant impairments in the domains of social communication and performance of restricted, repetitive behaviors? A. Overanxious disorder B. Separation anxiety disorder C. Avoidant disorder D. Autism spectrum disorder

D

Which of the following is one of the criticisms of Masters and Johnson's research with regard to sexual responses of men and women? Select one: A. The research focused only on heterosexual responses. B. The research was survey-based. C. There was no correlation between the different stages of sexual response. D. Not every sexual encounter necessarily involves all phases.

D

Which of the following is the predominant symptom of primary hypersomnolence disorder? Select one: A. Repeated occurrences of dysphoric and well-remembered dreams that typically involve threats to one's life. B. Frequent episodes of apnea while asleep C. Incomplete awakening from sleep, usually during first third of sleep D. Recurrent periods of sleep or lapses into sleep during the day

D

Which of the following is the type of reinforcement experienced by an individual who simply watches someone else get reinforced? A. Negative B. Positive C. Direct D. Vicarious

D

Which of the following is true of pain disorder? Select one: A. Pain disorder is a somatic symptom disorder characterized by the misinterpretation of normal bodily functions as signs of serious illness. B. A diagnosable medical condition never exists in people with pain disorder. C. Pain disorder is a dissociative disorder that results from victimization or abuse. D. People with pain disorder are unable to find cure because there is no apparent physical cause.

D

Which of the following is used in the treatment of heroin addiction? Select one: A. Zolpidem B. Benzodiazepine C. Disulfiram D. Buprenorphine

D

Which of the following lifestyle traits revolves around impulsivity, juvenile delinquency, early behavioral problems, lack of realistic long-term goals, and a need for constant stimulation? Select one: A. Avoidant trait B. Borderline trait C. Histrionic trait D. Antisocial trait

D

Which of the following models proposed that people are born with a genetic predisposition that places them at risk of developing a psychological disorder if exposed to certain extremely taxing life experiences? A. Polygenic model B. Humanistic model C. Semantic model D. Diathesis-stress model

D

Which of the following produces static images and cannot monitor brain activity? Select one: A. Electroencephalogram (EEG) B. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) C. Positron emission tomography (PET) D. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

D

Which of the following refers to a period of moderately elated mood? A. Anhedonia B. Dysphoria C. Echolalia D. Hypomania

D

Which of the following statement about antisocial personality disorder is correct? Select one: A. Over the course of their adult years, people with antisocial personality disorder seem to become more likely to commit criminal acts. B. Antisocial personality disorder typically emerges only in adulthood, both in terms of the development of psychopathic traits and rates of breaking the law. C. There is no difference between antisocial personality disorder and antisocial behavior. D. The components of psychopathy involving impulsivity, social deviance, and antisocial behavior are less prominent in prison inmates who are in their mid-40s and older.

D

Which of the following statements about gambling disorder is true? Select one: A. The highest risk of developing gambling disorder occurs among people who engage in gambling on games involving horse races. B. Unlike other impulse control disorders, gambling disorders does not co-occur with other psychological disorders. C. People with gambling disorder are unaware of the negative consequences that gambling will bring about to themselves or others. D. People with gambling disorders tend to discount or devalue rewards they could obtain in the future compared to rewards they could obtain right away

D

Which of the following terms suggest that older individuals are better able to manage their high-risk tendencies? Select one: A. Primary process thinking B. Impulse control C. Self-discipline D. Maturation hypothesis

D

Which of the following tests is used to assess adults who suffer from brain injury and dementia? A. Clock Drawing Test B. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test C. Rorschach inkblot test D. Boston Naming Test

D

Which of the following theories is based on the assumption that interpersonal stress induces an episode of depression in a person who is genetically vulnerable to this disorder? Select one: A. CBT B. ACT C. CT D. IPT

D

Within the biological perspective, researchers believe that the anxiety associated with specific phobias may be conceived due to abnormalities in the A. medulla oblongata. B. cerebellum. C. corpus callosum. D. anterior insular cortex.

D

________ disorder is a motor skill disorder in which an individual has difficulty carrying out simple motor activities, making him or her appear clumsy and uncoordinated. Select one: A. Tourette's B. Rumination C. Stereotypic movement D. Developmental coordination

D

________ is widely seen as a critical component to treatment of substance use disorders, regardless of whether pharmacotherapy is part of treatment. Select one: A. Electroconvulsive therapy B. Psychodynamic psychotherapy C. Social skills training D. Cognitive-behavioral therapy

D

________ was a Massachusetts reformer who sought to improve the treatment of people with psychological disorders in the mid-1800s. A. William Tuke B. Martin Luther C. Benjamin Rush D. Dorothea Dix

D

symptoms, such as difficulty in breathing, chest pain, and nausea. However, medical examinations have yielded no basis for such claims. Which of the following disorders is Arthur most likely to be diagnosed with? Select one: A. Conversion disorder B. Primary hypersomnia C. Amnesia D. Somatic symptom disorder

D?