Psyc Exam 2

The phenomenon known as "isolated sleep paralysis" is most likely to occur in _________ who suffer from panic disorder.

African Americans

Which of the following would NOT be considered an example of social phobia?

An individual who cannot travel on public transportation without a family member present.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about anxiety?

An inherited tendency can make us tense or uptight.

____________ is characterized by apprehension because of future unpredictability, whereas ____________ is characterized by strong escapist tendencies.

Anxiety; fear

Which of the following characterizes the mood-state known as anxiety?

Apprehension about the future

Anxiety is closely related to which of the following psychological disorders?

Depression

Which type of panic attack is most closely related to phobias?

Expected

What is one factor that distinguishes between traditional exposure-based treatments for panic disorder and the more recent panic control treatment (PCT) developed at one of Barlow's clinics?

Exposure to the interceptive sensations associated with panic attacks

In regard to treatment of specific phobias, which of the following statements is correct?

Exposure-based exercises actually change brain functioning.

Which of the following brain areas is NOT closely associated with anxiety?

Hypothalamus

Which physiological measure consistently distinguishes individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) from non-anxious normal subjects?

Increased muscle tension

Lawanda was walking down the street on a bright sunny day when, all of a sudden, she had an abrupt attack of intense fear that totally surprised her. This is what type of panic attack?

Uncued

For generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), the pharmacological treatment of choice has been the category of drugs known as ___________.

benzodiazepines

The behavioral inhibition system is activated by signals from the _____________.

brain stem

People with a psychological vulnerability to panic attacks tend to ________ normal physical sensations.

catastrophize

Research suggests that we inherit a tendency to be tense, which is ____________.

caused by multiple genes

Research suggests that anxiety and depression frequently

co-occur

An individual who suffers from panic disorder might become anxious about climbing stairs, exercising, or being in hot rooms because these activities produce sensations similar to those accompanying a panic attack. In psychological terms, the exercise and hot rooms have become __________.

conditioned stimuli

Barlow and others (1992) developed a cognitive-behavioral treatment for GAD that helps the patient

confront anxiety-provoking thoughts and images.

Panic attack studies suggest that men

consume alcohol to deal with panic attacks.

Research by Lundh and Öst (1996) and Mogg (2004) demonstrated that social phobics presented with pictures of faces were more likely to remember ________ expressions.

critical and angry

Hideki was attending his fifth baseball game at Condor Stadium, where he had previously had a panic attack. He did not know if he would have a panic attack today, but shortly after entering the stadium, he did. This type of panic attack is ____________.

cued

Mrs. Pan has an anxiety disorder in which she has occasional panic attacks when shopping at the mall. This type of panic attack is referred to as _______________.

cued

According to your textbook, new techniques have made it possible to treat some phobias effectively in one _____.

day

All of the following are characteristics common to specific phobias EXCEPT

decreased arousal of the autonomic nervous system.

A major double-blind research study sponsored by the National Institute of Mental Health looked at the separate and combined effects of both psychological and drug treatments for patients suffering from panic disorder. Participants were randomized into five different treatment conditions, including all but which of the following?

deep brain stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation

Nocturnal panic attacks generally occur when an individual is ____________.

deeply asleep

Having an anxiety disorder increases the risk of ______________.

depression migraines suicidal ideation

Panic attacks tend to occur most often

during deep sleep between 1:30 and 3:30 a.m.

"I've got to get out of here right now, or I may not make it!" This statement is most likely to be said by someone experiencing a(n)

fear reaction.

In Japan, the anxiety syndrome termed taijin kyofusho involves a fear of

personally offending others.

According to the DSM-IV-TR criteria, the symptoms of a panic attack develop abruptly and reach a peak within _____ minute(s).

10

In the general population, as many as ____ of people suffer from social anxiety disorder at some point in their lives.

12.1%

At the time of assessment of an anxiety disorder, _________ of patients should have at least one other anxiety or depressive disorder.

55%

The median age of onset for a specific phobia is ____.

7

In regard to a type of thinking pattern found in some patients with OCD, which of the following would be an example of thought-action fusion?

Believing that thinking about an abortion is the moral equivalent of having an abortion

According to your textbook, there are at least three ways of developing a phobia. Which is NOT one of these ways?

Having a nightmare about a feared situation

Which of the following statements is TRUE about anxiety disorders?

Having an anxiety disorder might contribute to a physical disorder such as arthritis.

In what way is worry not useful?

It ensures that we respond appropriately to fear-inducing events.

Which of the following people living in the United States is most likely to develop GAD?

Monica, a 50-year-old woman

Which of the following is an accurate statement about panic disorder?

Most individuals with panic disorder will also avoid internal sensations that produce physiological arousal.

Which of the following drugs received FDA approval in 1999 as a treatment for social phobia?

Paxil

An observation has been made between children presenting with OCD and tics after a bout of strep throat. The resulting syndrome was called

Pediatric Autoimmune Disorder associated with Streptococcal Infection (PANDAS).

Which of the following procedures is NOT part of Barlow's panic control treatment (PCT)?

Reducing agoraphobic avoidance by exposure to feared situations

In OCD, certain types of obsessions lead to certain types of compulsions. From the following, choose the one that is

Sexual obsessions: checking

Which of the following is NOT a basic type of panic attack?

Situation inevitable

Which of the following is the most prevalent psychological disorder in the general population?

Specific phobia

Which type of compulsion has the highest prevalence rate?

Symmetry

What happens when people with OCD attempt to neutralize or suppress disturbing, intrusive thoughts?

The frequency of the obsessive thoughts increases.

A teenage girl had recently been having panic attacks while shopping at the mall. She was sitting in her room feeling very depressed. To cheer her up, a friend suggested that they both go to an exercise class. Shortly after the warm-up started, however, she had another panic attack. What is the best explanation for this occurrence?

The physical sensations experienced during exercise had become an internal cue for panic to occur.

Which of the following terms is most associated with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

Worry

In the type of specific phobia called "blood-injury-injection," there is an inherited vasovagal response and a tendency to faint due to

a decrease in blood pressure.

People tend to have their best performance on tasks when they are ___________.

a little anxious

Tony has thoughts about hating his younger brother and wishing he would die. He becomes very anxious about these thoughts because he has developed the idea that if anything really happened to his brother, it would be his fault. For no explainable reason, Tony starts mentally counting by odd numbers each time he walks past his brother's room and discovers that this activity makes him less anxious. Tony's behavior can be described as

a mental compulsion developed to neutralize his bad thoughts.

The anxiety disorder called social phobia, involving anxiety about being evaluated or criticized, usually begins during ________.

adolescence

Research studies have found that generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is most common among ______________.

adults over 45 years of age

The purpose of creating mini panic attacks in panic control treatment therapy is to

allow the patient to develop alternative attitudes about the feared situation.

D-cycloserine is a drug that seems to act to work in the

amygdala to diminish anxiety.

According to Jeffrey Gray, a British neuropsychologist, the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) is activated by danger signals ___________, resulting in the experience of anxiety.

arising from the brain stem or descending from the cortex

When diagnosing separation anxiety disorder in children, clinicians must

be wary for the psychotic episodes that often precipitate this condition.

Normal, ordinary people who have occasional intrusive thoughts with bizarre, sexual, or aggressive content would not be considered to have OCD unless they find the thoughts unacceptable or even dangerous and also

become horrified by such thoughts and consider them signs of some alien, intrusive, evil force.

The compulsions that an individual with OCD uses to suppress disastrous consequences or ward off intrusive thoughts can be either

behavioral or mental.

Anxiety is thought to be a____________ state, while fear is more_______.

future-oriented; immediate

People with GAD

have a 58% chance of recovery after having the disorder for 12 years .

All of the following are symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) EXCEPT

hypersomnia.

In regard to the obsessions seen in patients with OCD, the term "need for symmetry" refers to

keeping things in perfect order.

Studies suggest that parents can protect their child from anxiety if they

let children explore the world and deal with the unexpected.

The area of the brain most often associated with anxiety is the _____________.

limbic system

Richard, whose case is described in the textbook, was obsessed with the idea that if he did not eat in a certain ritualistic way, he would become possessed. This is an aspect of OCD that is termed ________.

magical

Agoraphobia, which has come to mean "fear of going out," derives from the Greek word agora, meaning ____________.

marketplace

People with GAD tend to worry about

mostly minor things.

When people experience severe anxiety, they

often know it is irrational, but can't help it.

Recent research by Barlow (2002) and others indicates that vulnerability to anxiety disorders is related to

one's sense of control over environmental events.

In treating panic disorder, all of the following types of medications are used EXCEPT ________.

opiates

A friend stated that when she went to a clinic, she had to spend several 30- to 60-second sessions shaking her head from side to side, spinning in a chair, tensing all her muscles, hyperventilating, or breathing through a narrow straw. She is surprised that you correctly guessed that she is receiving treatment for

panic disorder.

The main difference between situational phobia and panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) is

people with situational phobia never experience panic attacks outside the context of the phobic situation.

A relative of yours who suffers from panic disorder asks you what treatment would have the longest-lasting benefits. Since you have just read about the double-blind NIMH research study evaluating psychological treatments with and without medication, you tell your relative to first try

psychological treatment that includes cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).

Actions, or sometimes thoughts, that an individual with OCD uses to reduce anxiety are called ______.

rituals

The recent research by Johnson et al. (2000) on cigarette smoking by teenagers indicates the possibility that

sensitivity of brain circuits can be effected by environmental factors.

A psychological disorder in children characterized by unrealistic and persistent worry that something will happen to their parents, which may result in refusal to leave home is called

separation anxiety disorder.

According to Gray and McNaughton (1996), the fight-or-flight system is partially activated by deficiencies in the neurotransmitter _______ in the brain.

serotonin

Evidence now suggests that agoraphobic avoidance behavior is one component of

severe, unexpected panic attacks.

Manuel had a fear of riding on buses, so his mother had to drive him to school every day. Manuel's phobia is a(n) _________ phobia.

situational

Members of the Falcons High School senior class will have an increased risk of developing anxiety disorders if they

smoke 20 or more cigarettes daily.

Research suggests that generalized anxiety disorder is five-times more likely to develop in adults if they

smoked as a teen.

Stressful life events - such as marriage, divorce, familial death, or academic pressures - trigger our vulnerabilities to anxiety. These are examples of a ______________ contribution.

social

Unlike most of the anxiety disorders in which female sufferers predominate, the sex ratio is almost equal in __________.

social phobia

A child who is afraid of dogs because her father was afraid of dogs is said to have a ________ vulnerability.

specific psychological

Physiological assessments of panic attacks recorded in the laboratory indicate an increase in all of the following EXCEPT ______________.

stomach contractions

Fear activates a

surge of energy in the autonomic nervous system so we can flee.

The most common type of obsession is related to ___________.

symmetry

You are told about a child who has shown behavior consistent with "separation anxiety." In order to determine if the child actually has a disorder or whether the behavior is normal, you would first need to know

the child's age.

In regard to OCD, when the term "magical" is used to refer to compulsive acts, it means

the compulsions have no logical relation to the obsessions.

Agoraphobic avoidance behavior appears to be determined by

the extent to which the person expects another panic attack to occur.

A young child has thoughts about hating her younger brother and wishing he would die. She becomes very anxious about these thoughts because she has developed the idea that if anything really happened to him, it would be her fault. This pattern of thinking is called _____________.

thought-action fusion

According to several cross-cultural research studies reported in the textbook, the prevalence of OCD is

very similar across cultures.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is often accompanied by all of the following EXCEPT _______.

visual hallucinations

Richard, the patient with OCD described in the textbook, was compelled to take very small steps as he walked and to look back repeatedly. As with other types of checking compulsions, Richard was trying to

ward off an imagined disaster.

Panic control treatment

was developed by the textbook authors. b. concentrates on exposing the patients to the cluster of physical sensations that remind them of their panic attacks. c. involves the therapist to create "mini" attacks in the office.

Research suggests that people with GAD worry

without images but try to avoid the associated negative affect.