Psyc330 Chap 11

according to evolutionary theory (Darwin, 1859), natural selection favors genes that promote ________

survival

Aidan has just receive notice that he's been admitted to the law school of his choice period as he walks along, he's in a good mood. he sees a worker fall off a ladder, and rushes over to assist. why did Aiden help in his case? good moods ________

tend to focus our attention inward, on our attitudes and values

research has demonstrated that people will help in group members because ________

they have feelings of empathy

the altruistic personality refers to ________

the qualities that cause an individual to help others in a wide variety of situations

on her first day of work and a new job, Amy would be most likely to feel resentful where a coworker would say to her, ________

"I thought you learned that in training. let me help you out"

which of the following statements is most clearly related to the empathy altruism hypothesis (Batson, 1991)?

"walk a mile in my shoes."

if you are in an emergency situation need help, which of the following statements to a bystander is most likely to get you the help you need?

"you in the red sweater call 911!"

which of the following motions is NOT associated with promoting helpful behavior, according to research on feeling bad and doing good?

Anger

Annie works with AIDS patients to get an idea of whether she wants to pursue social work as a career. Bert volunteers at a mental hospital to fulfill a class requirement. Stacy paints a mural for her own school because her sorority requires her to do in community service project. George helps the elderly prepare her tax income returns because of accounting firm will not give him a Christmas bonus if he does not volunteer. who is most likely to engage in volunteer work again in the future?

Annie

according to your text, which of the following scenarios is least likely defended by a social exchange theory?

Javuer emphasized with Moises when he dropped his groceries, so he helped him pick them up

which of the following does NOT represent pro-social behavior?

Joanne goes to her job every day to earn her paycheck

a woman has just been in a car accident and needed someone to get her out of her car. a man with AIDS and needs someone to take him to the hospital for ongoing treatments. according to the research on gender differences in prosocial behavior, which of the following is most likely to be true?

John is more likely to help the woman, Karen is more likely to help the man

Pete is gay, a student studying biology, and lives in colorado. according to the discussion in your text, which of the following GoFundMe pages with Pete most likely donate to?

Jorge, a young gay student who was beaten up and left seriously injured

which of the following is the best example of someone with an altruistic personality?

Lori, who volunteers her time running a women's shelter and regularly gives to charities

Malika and Alicia are out shopping, when they are asked to contribute to AIDS research. Malika has just received an A- on her psychology exam, while Alicia has just received a D. According to your text, who is most likely to contribute?

Malika and Alicia are both likely to help, but for different reasons

according to research presented by the authors of your text, in which of the following cities would you be the most likely to be helped if you needed help crossing a busy street?

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

which of the following is the best example of altruistic behavior?

Robert anonymously donates a kidney to a 20 year old accident victim he will never meet.

some have speculated that people in rural areas are more likely to help than are people in urban areas because "trust" and "being neighborly" are more valued in rural than an urban settings. where this true, who would be the most likely to help a stranger who needed assistance?

Tammie, who is visiting Chicago from a small town in Vermont

according to Milgram's (1970)________ hypothesis, compared to rural dwellers, people in large cities are bombarded with stimulation and work to reduce it by keeping to themselves.

Urban overload

according to the authors of your text, people who have lived in the same place for a longer time tend to feel ________

a greater attachment to the community

according to research, which of the following are people who have lived in the same area for a longer period of time more likely to feel?

a greater sense of attachment to the community

a woman's car stuck in the snow and she needs a push to get free. ________ is more likely to stop to help her out because ________

a man, the situation calls for an active chivalry

although evidence from studies presented in the chapters it just the people are more likely to help family than strangers or friends and some situations, they also know that people are equally likely to have a friend or family member under which of the following circumstances?

a non-life threatening situation

according to the general differences presented by the authors of your text, generally speaking, ________ would be more likely to help an aging relative with daily tasks than ________

a woman, a man

according to evolutionary theory (Darwin, 1959), natural selection favors genes that promote individual survival. this tenant is most troublesome in explaining ________

altruism

using the Bystander Intervention Decision Tree of the decisions by standards make before helping (or not helping) in an emergency, which of the following is NOT one of the stages in the model?

altruism

Marla has revised her will to ensure that upon her death, all of her functioning organs (corneas, liver, kidneys, heart, and so on) will be used to help transplant patients. She's told no one about her actions, and expects nothing in return. This is an example of a(n) ________ behavior.

altruistic

Raphael volunteers as hey big brother. he donates money to charity, and he helps his elderly n next door neighbor with weekly shopping and home repairs. Raphael's personality is ________

altruistic

when Jochem saw the child fall through the ice at the lake, he never hesitated and immediately doven to save the child. this is an example of ________ behavior

altruistic

Jonah was driving his car on the road when he saw a man fall through the ice on a nearby pond. he stopped his car and crawled on his stomach on the ice out to the man who had fallen through. he helped save the man from the icy water. this is considered ________

altruistic act

underlying the urban overload hypothesis is the idea that people become overwhelmed in areas which ________

are densely populated

according to evolutionary psychologist, why would Doris be more likely to save her children than her parents and a life-threatening emergency? Doris's children ________

are more likely to pass on her genes

according to the bystander effect (Latane and Darley, 1970), if you just witnessed a mugging, you would be most likely to call for help if you ________

are the sole witness

in this study reported by the authors of your text, are participant in a chat group posed a question to the group asking for help. the results of the study shows that the participant was more likely to receive help faster when he or she ________

asked one specific person

based on the results of Darley and Batson's (1973) "Good Samaritan" experiment, who is most likely to help an elderly woman who has slipped on ice?

august, who is killing time before an appointment

the text discusses a cultural value, simpatía, prominent in Spanish speaking countries. although simpatía has no direct English translation, it generally refers to ________

being friendly, polite, and helpful

when American and Japanese participants were studied on the likelihood they would engage in altruistic behavior, or was the final result?

both cultures were equally likely to be altruistic

according to evolutionary psychology notion of kin selection, Bob is most likely to help his ________

brother Ralph

based on information presented by the authors of your text, complete the analogy about gender differences in helping behaviors. men: ________, women: ________

chivalry, long-term nurturing

why are so many biologists skeptical about the concept of group selection?

classic evolutionary theory proposes that the processes of natural selection operate only at the individual, not the group level

the phenomenon in which each bystanders sense responsibility to help ________ as the number of witnesses ________ best defines diffusion of responsibility

decreases, increases

Charles darwin, and evolutionary theories, found it difficult to explain altruism. from an evolutionary perspective, it would initially seen the over centuries and generations, altruistic behaviors would ________ because ________

despair, self-sacrifice would produce fewer offspring

recall that participants in an experiment described in the text (Tori and Batson, 1982) listen to an (alleged) radio interview in which a student and their introductory psychology class described an accident that caused her to fall behind in the course. some participants were encouraged to emphasize with "Carol," where is others were encouraged listen objectively to the interview. some participants in each of these two groups were led to believe that Carol would be returning to their psychology course, others were led to believe that she would finish out the term at home, and that they would never see her again. these researchers found that when participants ________ , their decision to help was guided by ________

did not emphasize with Carol, social exchange concerns

Juanita sees a crowd of people gathered around a man lying on the ground. She thinks about whether to call an ambulance, but then reasons that somebody else has probably already done so. This is an example of ________

diffusion of responsibility

in a study by Isen and Levin (1972) they found that people who had found $0.10 in a payphone or more likely to help another person when the opportunity presented itself. they believe that this happened because when you feel good, you are more likely to ________

do good

when Jillian (a widow) here's about another woman in her community who is just lost her husband, she immediately plans to go visit the other widow because she thinks, "who better than i, can understand what she is feeling?". this is an example of ________

empathy altruism

according to Batson (1991), when people experience ________ for another in need, they ________ help

empathy, will

if you were a employer who wanted to increase volunteers I'm among your employees, what strategy would you employ in order to increase the chances of the employees we continue to volunteer in the future?

encouraging volunteers and while preserving employees free choice to volunteer or not

kin selection occurs ________

equally often in the two genders and in the various cultures studied

recall that participants in an experiment described in the text (Toi and Batson, 1982) listen to an (alleged) radio interview in which a student and their introductory psychology class described an accident that caused her to fall behind in the course. some participants were told that Carol would soon be returning to their class. according to the research, why is this referred to as a "high cost" condition?

every time participants saw her, they would feel guilty if they didn't help her

Jim dives into the water to help his drowning sister; Ivan dives into the water to help a total stranger because he wanted to impress his new girlfriend and is a trained lifeguard. Jim's motive to help is best explained by ________, while Ivan's motive to help is best explained by ________.

evolutionary theory, social exchange theory

in the grocery store one evening, Yolanda is in a good mood after earning a promotion at work, but Trudy's feeling quite guilty for stealing office supplies from work. when another shopper collapses on the ground unconscious, Yolanda would be likely to help according to the ________, what Trudy will be likely to help according to the ________

feel good, do good effect; feel bad, do good effect

researchers (Isen and Levin, 1972) found that Mall shoppers who found dimes were more likely to help a stranger pick up papers he had dropped. these results suggest that ________

finding a dime for people in a good mood and increase their helping

according to research on the impact of religion on helping behavior, if Dr. Hinford, a devotee religious man, makes a donation to a children's charity, he is most likely to do it________

for a children's charity that is religious

at Cornell and Vassar, students intervened in emergencies. in both cases, they ________

have learned about the barriers to helping in class

supposed Dan is late for a very important meeting. I see runs toward his car, he sees a woman using crutches who has dropped a large stack of papers onto busy sidewalk. Dan feels a great deal of empathy for this woman because he remembers how tough it was when he had to use crutches a couple years before according to the empathy altruism hypothesis, Dan will ________

help her pick up the papers because he wants to reduce his own and her distress

which of the following is a CORRECT statement about helping behaviors?

helping behavior is common in virtually all species of animals

according to research by Batson and his colleagues, when empathy is ________, people ________

high, will help no matter what the cost

according to Milgram's Urban overload hypothesis, if you have a heart attack, where do you want to be when you have that heart attack?

in a small town where there are fewer people and distractions

according research on the effects of move on helping, good moods are likely to ________ the odds when we spontaneously help another, and bad moods are likely to ________ the odds that we will spontaneously help

increase, increase

kin selection appears to be an ________ act

ingrained

evolutionary psychologist believe that people help others because ________

it has become ingrained in our genes

while waiting for a bus, witnesses here man growing increasingly frantic as he cries, "my nitro tablets. where are my natural pills? I cannot find my nitro tablets, and I'm having a heart attack!" he collapses to the ground, clutching his chest. everyone knows that it is a medical emergency period in this situation, who is most likely to help?

james, who is recently completed his CPR course

of the following people, who would be the most likely to be found working at a local food bank?

jessica, a 20-year-old student

the idea that natural selection favors behaviors that help a genetic relative is known as ________

kin selection

according to evolutionary theory (Darwin, 1859), genes that lower are chances of survival are ________

less likely to be passed on to the next generation

which of the following best describes the urban overload hypothesis (Milgram, 1970)? people who ________

living cities often feel overwhelmed, so simplify things by keeping to themselves

when considering altruistic behaviors, which of the following is true?

men and women are equally altruistic

people who have lived in the same place for a long time are ________ likely to help with needs

more

research on mood helping found that people were ________ likely to help ________ they attended confession

more, before

what is social exchange theory?

much of what we do stems from the desire to maximize our rewards and minimize our costs

which of the following challenges to evolutionary theory of altruism is NOT reported in your book?

none of the research and evolutionary theory has actually been observed behaviorally

according to Latane and Darley (1970), the first step in deciding to help in an emergency is ________

noticing the event

in explaining the process by which kin selection works to encourage altruism, evolutionary psychologist would argue that ________

over millennia, the genes of those who follow the "biological importance" rule will survive

recall that Darley and Batson (1973) can I get a study in which participants were provided the opportunity to help when they were on their way to deliver a brief speech on the Good Samaritan or on another topic. these researchers found that ________ because ________

participants in a hurry were less likely to help, they didn't notice the man slumped in the doorway

when Darley and Latane expose participants to a faked seizure in one of the three experimental conditions (participants for loan witnesses, one of three witnesses, or one of five witnesses), they found that ________

participants who thought they were lone witnesses help more and help faster

researcher staged an incident in which a man fell down with a cry of pain and raised a pant leg to reveal a bloody injury. the stage scene was repeated in both rural and urban areas. when Amato counted the number of passers by who stopped to help the man, he found that ________

people in small towns help more than people in urban areas

Joseph was on the subway when he noticed a man likes lumped over on the seat. Joseph looked around at the other passengers, who seemed calm and I'm concerned. Joseph included that the man was probably okay. however, the other passengers may have been looking around at joseph, to see how he reacted. this would be an example of________

pluralistic ignorance

the concept of ________ refers to the idea that when no bystanders to a possible emergency appear to be concerned, other bystanders assume that nothing is wrong.

pluralistic ignorance

her number studies have revealed that doing well on a test, receiving a gift, and listening to pleasant music can increase helping. these consistent findings across investigations suggest that there is a ________ relation between ________ and helping

positive, positive mood

Allen volunteers to visit the homes of AIDS patients because those visits help him forget about his own problems. this is an example of ________ behavior

prosocial

recent research by Buchanan and Preston (2016) has shown that when people help others, the same parts of their brain are activated as when they ________

receive tangible rewards like food, water, and sex

Helga stops and helps Bjorn change a flat tire along the road because she figures that one day she'll need help and someone will return the favor. This best illustrates the idea of ________

reciprocity

researchers found that churchgoers were more likely to donate to charity before they attended confession then after, presumably because the act of confession ________

reduced their guilt

you're trying to convince your friend Alexandria to donate her time and money to your favorite charitable cause. if you want to use the "feel bad, do good" idea to persuade her to help you, you would ________

remind her the last time she let you down, then ask her to help

pro-social behavior is to ________ as altruism is to ________

rewards, selflessness

the authors of your text tell a story about Abraham Lincoln and which Lincoln ordered a coach to stop so that he could save some piglets from drowning. Lincoln claimed that he helped because "I should have had no peace of mind all day had I gone on and left that suffering also worrying over those pigs." Lincoln argued that he was helping because of________

self-interest

evolutionary psychology is the study of ________

social behaviors as a result of genetic factors and natural selection

________ theory would be most likely to mention such factors as social approval and increased self-worth as motivations for pro-social behavior.

social exchange

you ask your brother if you can borrow his car for a date on Saturday night. before handing over the keys, he asked and jess, "what's in it for me?". his question best reflects ________ as applied to pro-social behavior

social exchange theory

based on the information from your text about the rates of volunteerism, which of the following countries has the highest rate of volunteerism and its population (47%)?

the United States

every morning at the bus stop, Carlos encounters an old woman begging for change. she's clearly hungry and alone. because Carlos feels bad for this woman and can "feel her pain," he makes the point of giving her some change each morning that he sees her. which theoretical approach best explains Carlos's behavior?

the empathy altruism hypothesis

the basic tenant of ________ is that when you feel empathy for another person's plight, we will help that person regardless of what we must stand to gain

the empathy altruism hypothesis

one consequence of living by the golden rule, "due on to others as you would have them do unto you," is that if you help those in need, they might return the favor someday. this idea is best represented by ________

the norm of reciprocity

some evolutionary psychologists argue that in our distant past, those who selflessly pursued their own individual interests would be less likely to survive to pass on their genes. this argument lies at the heart of ________ as a source of altruistic behavior

the reciprocity norm

the main tenant of social exchange theory is that we will help others when ________

the rewards are high

pluralistic ignorance is most likely to discourage intervention in an emergency when ________

the situation is ambiguous

to ensure that community service participation for a school or job does not undermine people's intrinsic, and administrators should do which of the following?

try to ensure that people feel that their help is voluntary

Greitmeyer and his colleagues have conducted a number of studies to examine the effects of video games on helping. they have some participants play pro-social video game and others play a neutral video game. the independent variable of this research is the ________

type of video game

given empirical support for the bystander effect (Latane and Darley, 1970), all things being equal, you would be more likely to get needed assistance where you having a heart attack ________

when having a conversation with one other person