PSYCH 101 ch 3

The space between two neurons is called the ________.

synapse

The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing ________.

temperature, touch, and pain

The auditory cortex is located in which lobe of the brain?

temporal

The ________ of a neuron contain ________ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system.

terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles

The ________ is involved in our experience of emotion and tying emotional meaning to our memories.

amygdala

Which of the following senses is associated with the temporal lobe?

audition

Psychological researchers study genetics in order to better understand the ________ that contributes to certain behaviors.

biology

Which of the following higher level processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex?

breathing

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________.

depression

Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression?

dopamine; norepinephrine

The theory of ________ states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off.

evolution by natural selection

________ is the differences between hemispheres in the areas underlying language function.

lateralization

Which of the following is not a forebrain structure?

pons

The endocrine system consists of a series of glands that produce chemical substances known as ________.

hormones

The ________ extends through the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain.

reticular formation

Which of the following is not a part of the fight or flight response?

running away

Which of the following senses is not routed through the thalamus?

smell

Which of the following is not a disadvantage of PET scanning?

An alternative diagnostic tool is fMRI.

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage's accident, which led to brain injury?

Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors

Rosemary had a stroke about a year ago and now she cannot understand what people are saying to her. This is embarrassing for her, so she responds using vague language and tries to make it appear as though she understands. Which area of Rosemary's brain was likely damaged by the stroke?

Wernicke's area

During the fight or flight response, which of the following endocrine glands is most likely to increase activity?

adrenal

________ is a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulation.

beta-endorphin

The brain contains ________ of interconnected neurons and glia.

billions

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.

central; peripheral nervous systems

Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________.

chromosomes; DNA

Parsons et al. are doing a study comparing differences in brain activity levels between patients with schizophrenia and controls with no psychological disorders. Their hypothesis requires a high level of detail and good detection of differences over time. Which of the following is the best brain imaging technique to use?

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Wendy's mother has blue eyes and her father has brown eyes. The allele for brown eye color is dominant (B) to the allele for blue eye color (b), but Wendy has blue eyes. Therefore, Wendy's ________ must be ________ and her father's must be Bb.

genotype; bb

The myelin sheath consists of a(n) ________.

glial cell

Terri Schiavo went into cardiac arrest and her brain was deprived of oxygen, leaving only her brainstem functioning. Which of the following functions could Schiavo still accomplish?

groan and move her eyes

________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels.

homeostasis

Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite, and reduced sexual desire. Which of the following structures is her tumor most likely affecting?

hypothalamus

The ________ is the deep groove that separates the brain into two halves.

longitudinal fissure

Psychotropic medications are drugs that treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring ________ balance.

neurotransmitter

People who have their corpus callosum severed for medical reasons would be able to tell you about which images shown to ________.

only the right visual field

The ________ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract.

parasympathetic

________ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall.

range of reaction

Sensory and motor neurons of the ________ nervous system are associated with activities traditionally thought of as conscious or voluntary.

somatic

Studying close relatives allows behavioral geneticists to determine ________.

the relative contributions of genes and environment in a population