PSYCH 2000 - Chapter 3

The purpose of glial cells is to:

- Provide scaffolding on which the nervous system is built - Help neurons line up closely with each other to allow neuronal communication -Provide insulation to neurons, transport nutrients and waste products, and mediate immune responses (all of the above)

___________ are the central building blocks of the nervous system.

Antagonists

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage's accident, which led to brain injury?

Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors.

Rosemary had a stroke about a year ago and now she cannot understand what people are saying to her. This is embarrassing for her, so she responds using vague language and tries to make it appear as though she understands. Which area of Rosemary's brain was likely damaged by the stroke?

Wernicke's area

________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the cell body down the axon to the axon terminals.

action potential

A ________ scan involves taking a number of x-rays of a particular section of a person's body or brain.

computerized tomography (CT) scan

Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite, and reduced sexual desire. Which of the following structures is her tumor most likely affecting?

hypothalamus

People who have their corpus callosum severed for medical reasons would be able to tell you about which images shown to ________.

only the right visual field

The ________ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract.

parasympathetic

The central nervous system consists of the brain and the ________.

spinal cord

The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration.

sympathetic

The space between two neurons is called the ________.

synapse

The auditory cortex is located in which lobe of the brain?

temporal

The ________ of a neuron contain ________ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system.

terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles

The brain contains ________ of interconnected neurons and glia.

billions

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.

central; peripheral nervous systems

The ________ receives messages from muscles, tendons, joints, and structures in our ear to control balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills.

cerebellum

________ is a technique often used in studies investigating sleep patterns. Researchers place electrodes at various locations on a person's head in order to record brainwaves.

electroencephalography (EEG)

Randolf is walking down the street of his hometown, after being away for several years, when he smells the scent of freshly baked pie coming from a local baker. He suddenly has vivid memories of walking down this street as a child, holding both of his parents' hands, and swinging between them, feeling relaxed and happy. This is because the sense of smell projects directly to the ________, which is responsible for ________ memories.

limbic system; emotional

Psychotropic medications are drugs that treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring ________ balance.

neurotransmitter